Dr D R Gordon, Torsional Vibrations, Level 4, 2015/16

ENGINEERING DESIGN &

ANALYSIS 4

PAST EXAM QUESTIONS

Torsional Vibrations

Dr D R Gordon ED&A4 Session 2015 -16 TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS

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Dr D R Gordon, Torsional Vibrations, Level 4, 2015/16

Q.3

Jan 2015 (14-15 session)

The propeller P of a marine vessel is powered by means of a reciprocating Engine E
and an exhaust turbine T through a branched geared system G as depicted in
Figure Q.3.
(a)

Using the given DATA, develop an equivalent un-geared branched system

REFERRED ABOUT THE PROPELLER SHAFT and derive the appropriate
characteristic dynamic matrix equation [K] relating the system properties to
the amplitude of oscillation [ ] and the periodic torques [T] in the form:
[K][ ] = [T].
[10]

(b)

During a resonance test it was found that a free vibration response produced
oscillations of 2 degrees at the gearwheel when subject to a resonant frequency
of 10.72 rad/sec. Using the matrix derived in (a) above determine, the
amplitude of the oscillations of the turbine.
[5]

(b)

Determine the amplitude of the periodic torque on the propeller shaft when the
engine produces a periodic torque of the form 50.Cos (25t) Nm.
[10]

DATA:

Moment of Inertia

Torsional Stiffness

TURBINE:

IT = 1.5625 kgm2

KT = 468.8 Nm/rad

ENGINE:

IE = 8 kgm2

KE = 400 Nm/rad

PROPELLER:

IP = 400 kgm2

KP = 20,000 Nm/rad

GEARS:

Gearwheel IG = 109.5 kgm2

Turbine Pinion I1 = 2 kgm2
Engine Pinion I2 = 2.5 kgm2
IT
I1

KT

Gear ratio
8:1

KP

IG

T 3.242 deg
T 25.92 deg

IP

IE
KE
I2

Gear ratio
5:1

Figure Q.3
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Dr D R Gordon, Torsional Vibrations, Level 4, 2015/16

Q.3

December 2011 (2011-12)

A motor M operating at 600rev/min drives two machines A and B by means of a
speed reduction gearbox assembly G which has an effective combined moment of
inertia IG as shown in Figure Q.3. Machine A operates at 400rev/min in the opposite
direction to that of the motor, whilst machine B operates at 200rev/min in the same
direction as the motor. The moments of inertia of each machine and the torsional
stiffness for each shaft connecting these machines to the gearbox assembly are as
listed in
Table Q.3(a) below.
Table Q.3(a)
Moment of
Torsional
2
Machine
Inertia (kgm )
Shaft
Stiffness
(Nm/rad)
M
2
MG
200Nm/rad
A
9
AG
675Nm/rad
B
9
BG
900Nm/rad
(a)

Refer all components to motor M and derive the equivalent Dynamic Matrix
for the referred system.
[10]

(b)

Given that the fundamental frequency of torsional oscillation of the system

and the corresponding non-referred normalised mode shape are as shown in
Table Q.3(b) below, verify that the effective moment of inertia of the gearbox
IG is 0.3404kgm2.
[8]
Table Q.3(b)
n
m
g
a
b
(rad/s)
(rads)
(rads)
(rads)
(rads)
9.35
1
0.126
0.507
0.333

(c)

It is a design requirement that the system node is to occur within the gearbox
assembly G. Determine the fundamental frequency of this new system and
the required moment of inertia of machine A.
[7]
IB
IA

B
IM

M
Gearbox
Assembly
IG

Figure Q.3

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Q.2

January 2010 (2009-10)

The schematic image of the rotary components of a turbo-compressor is
shown in Figure Q.2. The various mass moments of inertia are to be determined from
the undamped experimental measurements of actual normalised response as
given in Table Q.2. The gear ratio is known to be 8:1 and the gearwheel is assumed to
singly introduce any damping effects due to oil sump effects. Referring all to the
motor shaft and ignoring shaft mass effects, determine:
i)

the actual moments of inertia of the component parts IM, IG, IP and IC, given IP
is 10% of IG;
[12]

ii)

the amplitude of vibration at the Turbo Compressor IC, if the Electric Motor
introduces an excitation torque of the form TM = 1000cos(315t) Nm, given the
gearwheel introduces a damping coefficient CTG of 500Nms/rad.
[13]

Natural Freq.
(rads/sec)

Actual

n1 28.5471

Mode
G
0.6944

Shape

Measurements
C
1.7512

-5.5552

Table Q.2

kturbo=781.25 Nm/rad
Turbo
Compressor

Pinion

IC

IP

kmotor=80,000 Nm/rad
Electric
Motor

IM
Gear Wheel
Oil Sump
Damping
CTG

IG

Figure Q.2

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Dr D R Gordon, Torsional Vibrations, Level 4, 2015/16

Q.5

January 2007 (2006-07

A drive motor M operating at 600 rev/min is connected to two machines A and
B by means of a speed reduction gearbox G. Machine A operates at a speed of
400 rev/min in the opposite direction to that of the motor M. Machine B operates at
200 rev/min in the same direction as motor M. The system configuration and
properties of Inertia and Stiffness are as illustrated in Figure Q.5. The torsional
stiffness of gearbox G can be ignored for the purpose of all calculations. The modulus
of rigidity (G) for the shaft material is 80GN/m2.
(a)

Verify that the torsional stiffness of the drive motor shaft (kM) is approximately
200 Nm/rad.
[5]

(b)

Verify that the effective moment of inertia of the gearbox IG is approximately

1.143 kgm2, given the data in Table Q.5(b) is for the fundamental frequency of
torsional oscillation provided for an equivalent un-branched system referred
about shaft GA.
[8]
Table Q.5(b)
n
equiv. M
G
A
equiv. B
9.3471
1
0.1263
-0.766
0.99976
rads/sec

(c)

A periodic torque of the form T.cos(12t) Nm acts on machine A. Experimental

measurements of the system reveal actual (not equivalent) periodic oscillations
of amplitudes (M) = -0.6147 at the motor M,
(B) = -0.205 at machine B and (A) = -0.727. Determine the magnitude of
(G) and the torque TA.
[12]
IM = 2 kgm2
M
B

IB = 9 kgm2

This portion of shaft is

16mm diameter and
350mm long
KB = 900 Nm/rad

This portion of shaft is

9.7mm diameter and
300mm long

Gearbox IG kgm2

KA = 675 Nm/rad

IA = 9 kgm2

A
Figure Q.5

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Q.5

January 2005 (2004-05)

A geared and branched torsional vibration system is idealised in the model shown in
Figure Q.5. The information for each element of the system is indicated in Table Q.5
where IG1, IG2 & IG3 are gearwheels.
(a)

(b)

(c)

Determine the natural frequency n1, and the value of the Inertia IA, for the
node to be located at the gears.
[12]
Derive, from either first principles or other means, the characteristic matrix
equation for the entire torsional system referred particularly to the shaft
containing kB , IB1 & IB2. The gear ratio between IG1/IG2 is N:1, and that for
IG2/IG3 is 1:1.
[8]
Explain, without calculation, the necessary modification to the matrix in (b)
above if damping is to be introduced at IA , IB1 & IB2 only, and the effect this
would have on the natural frequencies and amplitudes of the system.
[5]

Data: G= 80GN/m2
INERTIA
VALUE (kgm2)
IA
???
IB1
4
IB2
2
IC1
4
IC2
2
IG1
1
IG2
0.5
IG3
0.5
40mm
dia.

IA

1m

50mm
dia.

1m

STIFFNESS
kA
kB
kC

Table Q.5
60mm
dia.

VALUE (Nm/rad)
10,000
10,000

IG1

1.5m

kB

kB

IG2
IC1

IB1

kC

IC2

kC

IB2
IG3
Figure Q.5

Dr D R Gordon ED&A4 Session 2015 -16 TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS

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JAN 2015

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3.242
3.242 x 8 = 25.93

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DEC 2011

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Dr D R Gordon ED&A4 Session 2015 -16 TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS

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JAN 2010

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Dr D R Gordon, Torsional Vibrations, Level 4, 2015/16

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JAN 2007

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JAN 2005

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