Calico (textile)

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Calico (textile)
Calico (in British usage, 1505,[1] AmE "muslin") is a plain-woven textile made from unbleached,
and often not fully processed, cotton. It may contain unseparated husk parts, for example. The
fabric is less coarse and thick than canvas or denim, but owing to its unfinished and undyed
appearance, it is still very cheap.
Originally from the city of Klikkdu (known by the English as Calicut) in southwestern India.
The fabric was made by the traditional weavers called cliyans. The raw fabric was dyed and
printed in bright hues and calico prints became popular in Europe.

Contents

1 History
o 1.1 Politics of cotton
o 1.2 Calico printing

2 Terminology

3 See also

4 References

5 Bibliography

History
Calico originated in Klikkdu (also known as Calicut, from which the name of the textile came)
in southwestern India during the 11th century.[2] The cloth was known as "cliyan" to the natives.
[3]

It was mentioned in Indian literature by the 12th century when the writer Hmacandra described
calico fabric prints with a lotus design.[2] By the 15th century calico from Gujrt made its
appearance in Egypt.[2] Trade with Europe followed from the 17th century onwards.[2]
Calico was woven using Srat cotton for both the warp and weft.

Politics of cotton
In the 18th century, England was famous for its woollen and worsted cloth. That industry,
centred in the east and south in towns such as Norwich, jealously protected their product. Cotton
processing was tiny: in 1701 only 1,985,868 pounds (900,775 kg) of cotton-wool was imported
into England, and by 1730 this had fallen to 1,545,472 pounds (701,014 kg). This was due to
commercial legislation to protect the woollen industry.[4] Cheap calico prints, imported by the
East India Company from Hindustn (India), had become popular. In 1700 an Act of Parliament
was passed to prevent the importation of dyed or printed calicoes from India, China or Persia.
This caused grey cloth (calico that had not been finisheddyed or printed) to be imported
instead, and these were printed in southern England with the popular patterns. Also, Lancashire
businessmen produced grey cloth with linen warp and cotton weft, known as fustian, which they
sent to London to be finished.[4] Cotton-wool imports recovered and by 1720 were almost back to
their 1701 levels. Again the woollen manufacturers, in true protectionist style, claimed that this
was taking away jobs from workers in Coventry.[5] Another law was passed, to fine anyone
caught wearing any printed or stained calico; muslins, neckcloths and fustians were exempted. It
was this exemption that the Lancashire manufactures exploited. The use of coloured cotton weft
with linen warp was permitted by the 1736 Manchester Act. There now was an artificial demand
for woven cloth. In 1764, 3,870,392 pounds (1,755,580 kg) of cotton-wool was imported.[6] It has
been noted that this was a key part of the process of the reduction of the Indian economy from
sophisticated textile production to a mere supplier of raw materials which occurred under
colonial rule, a process described by Nehru and more recent scholars as "de-industrialization."[7]

Calico printing
Early Indian chintzes, that is a glazed calico with large floral pattern, were primarily produced by
painting techniques.[8] Later, the hues were applied by means of wooden blocks, and it was the
wooden block printing that was used in London. Confusingly, linen and silk that was printed by
this method was known as linen calicoes and silk calicoes. The early European calicoes (1680)

would thus be a cheap equal weft and warp plain weave cotton fabric in white, cream or
unbleached cotton, with a block printed design using a single alizarin dye, fixed with two
mordants giving a red and black pattern. Polychromatic prints could be done, with two sets of
blocks and an additional blue dye. The Indian taste was for dark printed backgrounds while the
European market preferred a pattern on a cream base. As the century progressed the European
preference moved from the large chintz patterns to a smaller, tighter patterns.[9]
Thomas Bell patented the technique of printing by copper rollers in 1783, and the first machine
was set up by Livesey, Hargreaves and Company near Preston in 1785. Production of printed
cloth in Lancashire in 1750 was estimated to be 50,000 pieces of 30 yards (27 m), but in 1850 it
was 20,000,000 pieces.[8] From 1888, block printing was limited to short run specialist jobs. After
1880, profits from printing became smaller, there was over capacity and the firms started to form
combines. The first was when 3 Scottish firms formed the United Turkey Red Co. Ltd in 1897,
and the second, in 1899, was the much larger Calico Printers' Association. 46 printing concerns
and 13 merchants combined, representing 85% of the British printing capacity. Some of this
capacity was removed and in 1901 they had 48% of the trade. In 1916, they and the other printers
joined and formed a trade association. This then set minimum prices for each 'price section' of
the industry. This held until 1954 when it was challenged by the government Monopolies
Commission. Over the intervening period much trade had been lost overseas.[10]

Terminology
In the UK, Australia and New Zealand:

Calicosimple, cheap equal weft and warp plain weave fabric in white, cream or
unbleached cotton.

Muslina very fine, light plain weave cotton fabric.

Muslin gauzemuslin.

Gauzeextremely soft and fine cotton fabric with a very open plain weave.

Cheeseclothgauze.

In the US:

Calicocotton fabric with a small, all-over floral print [11]

Muslinsimple, cheap equal weft and warp plain weave fabric in white, cream or
unbleached cotton and/or a very fine, light plain weave cotton fabric (sometimes called
muslin gauze).

Muslin gauzethe very lightest, most open weave of muslin.

Gauzeany very light fabric, generally with a plain weave

Cheeseclothextremely soft and fine cotton fabric with a very open plain weave.

Printed calico was imported into the United States from Lancashire in the 1780s, and here a
linguistic separation occurred, while Europe maintained the word calico for the fabric, in the
States it was used to refer to the printed design.[9]
These colorful, small-patterned printed fabrics gave rise to the use of the word calico to describe
a cat coat color: "calico cat". The patterned fabric also gave its name to two species of North
American crabs; see the calico crab.

Plain weave
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Plain weave

Plain weave (also called tabby weave, linen weave[1] or taffeta weave) is the most basic of
three fundamental types of textile weaves (along with satin weave and twill).[2] It is strong and
hard-wearing, used for fashion and furnishing fabrics.
In plain weave, the warp and weft are aligned so they form a simple criss-cross pattern. Each
weft thread crosses the warp threads by going over one, then under the next, and so on. The next
weft thread goes under the warp threads that its neighbor went over, and vice versa.

Balanced plain weaves are fabrics in which the warp and weft are made of threads of the
same weight (size) and the same number of ends per inch as picks per inch.[3]

Basketweave is a variation of plain weave in which two or more threads are bundled and
then woven as one in the warp or weft, or both.

A balanced plain weave can be identified by its checkerboard-like appearance. It is also known
as one-up-one-down weave or over and under pattern.[4]
Some examples of fabric with plain weave are chiffon, organza, and taffeta.

Designation
According to the 12th-century geographer al-Idrs, the city of Almera in Andalusia
manufactured imitations of Iraqi and Persian silks called attb, which David Jacoby identifies[5]
as "a taffeta fabric made of silk and cotton (natural fibers) originally produced in Attabiya, a
district of Baghdad."

Notes
References

Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10th edition, Saddle River, New Jersey, Pearson/PrenticeHall, 2007,

Weaving
Weaves

Basketweave

Charvet

Coverlet

Dobby

Double weave

Even-weave

Lampas

Oxford

Pile weave

Piqu

Plain weave

Satin weave

Shot

Twill

Gabardine

Textiles

Warp

Weft

Yarn

Barber-Colman knotter

Beamer

Chilkat weaving

Components

Tools and
techniques

Fingerweaving

Flying shuttle

Heald (Heddle)

Ikat

Inkle weaving

Jacquard weaving

Kasuri

Loom

Navajo weaving

Pibiones

Reed

Salish weaving

Shed

Shuttle

Sizing
o Sizing machine

Tablet weaving

Tniko

Tapestry

Temple

Types of
looms

Air jet loom

Dobby loom

Jacquard loom

Hattersley loom

Lancashire loom

Northrop loom

Power loom

Rapier loom

Roberts Loom

Tapestry loom

Warp weighted loom

Water jet loom

Acesas

Anni Albers

Ada Dietz

Micheline Beauchemin

Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd

Dorothy Liebes

Pamphile

John Rylands

Weavers

Employmen
t practices

Brigitta Scherzenfeldt

Clara Sherman

Gunta Stlzl

Judocus de Vos

More looms

Kissing the shuttle

Piece-rate list

Bancroft Mill

Queen Street Mill

Mills

Canvas
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Canvas

Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees,
backpacks, and other items for which sturdiness is required. It is also popularly used by artists as
a painting surface, typically stretched across a wooden frame. It is also used in such fashion
objects as handbags, electronic device cases and shoes.

Contents

1 Etymology

2 Physical characteristics

3 Canvas for painting

4 Canvas for embroidery

5 Canvas as a compound agent

6 Splined canvas, stretched canvas and canvas boards

7 Canvas types

8 Canvas products

9 See also

10 References

Etymology
The word canvas is derived from the 13th century Anglo-French canevaz and the Old French
canevas. Both may be derivatives of the Vulgar Latin cannapaceus for "made of hemp,"[1]
originating from the Greek (cannabis).

Physical characteristics
Modern canvas is usually made of cotton or linen, although historically it was made from hemp.
It differs from other heavy cotton fabrics, such as denim, in being plain weave rather than twill
weave. Canvas comes in two basic types: plain and duck. The threads in duck canvas are more
tightly woven. The term duck comes from the Dutch word for cloth, doek. In the United States,
canvas is classified in two ways: by weight (ounces per square yard) and by a graded number
system. The numbers run in reverse of the weight so a number 10 canvas is lighter than number
4.

Canvas for painting

Canvas has become the most common support medium for oil painting, replacing wooden
panels. One of the earliest surviving oils on canvas is a French Madonna with angels from
around 1410 in the Gemldegalerie, Berlin. However, panel painting remained more common
until the 16th century in Italy and the 17th century in Northern Europe. Mantegna and Venetian
artists were among those leading the change; Venetian sail canvas was readily available and
regarded as the best quality.

Canvas is typically stretched across a wooden frame called a stretcher, and may be coated with
gesso before it is to be used; this is to prevent oil paint from coming into direct contact with the
canvas fibres, which will eventually cause the canvas to decay. A traditional and flexible chalk
gesso is composed of lead carbonate and linseed oil, applied over a rabbit skin glue ground; a
variation using titanium white pigment and calcium carbonate is rather brittle and susceptible to
cracking. As lead-based paint is poisonous, care has to be taken in using it. Various alternative
and more flexible canvas primers are commercially available, the most popular being a synthetic
latex paint composed of titanium dioxide and calcium carbonate, bound with a thermo-plastic
emulsion. Many artists have painted onto unprimed canvas, such as Jackson Pollock,[3] Kenneth
Noland, Francis Bacon, Helen Frankenthaler, Dan Christensen, Larry Zox, Ronnie Landfield,
Color Field painters, Lyrical Abstractionists and others.
Early canvas was made of linen, a sturdy brownish fabric of considerable strength. Linen is
particularly suitable for the use of oil paint. In the early 20th century, cotton canvas, often
referred to as "cotton duck," came into use. Linen is composed of higher quality material, and
remains popular with many professional artists, especially those who work with oil paint. Cotton
duck, which stretches more fully and has an even, mechanical weave, offers a more economical
alternative. The advent of acrylic paint has greatly increased the popularity and use of cotton
duck canvas. Linen and cotton derive from two entirely different plants, the flax plant and the
cotton plant.
Gessoed canvases on stretchers are also available. They are available in a variety of weights:
light-weight is about 4 oz (110 g). or 5 oz (140 g).; medium-weight is about 7 oz (200 g). or 8 oz
(230 g).; heavy-weight is about 10 oz (280 g). or 12 oz (340 g). They are prepared with two or
three coats of gesso and are ready for use straight away. Artists desiring greater control of their
painting surface may add a coat or two of their preferred gesso. Professional artists who wish to
work on canvas may prepare their own canvas in the traditional manner.
One of the most outstanding differences between modern painting techniques and those of the
Flemish and Dutch Masters is in the preparation of the canvas. "Modern" techniques take
advantage of both the canvas texture as well as those of the paint itself. Renaissance masters took
extreme measures to ensure that none of the texture of the canvas came through. This required a
painstaking, months-long process of layering the raw canvas with (usually) lead-white paint, then
polishing the surface, and then repeating.[4] The final product had little resemblance to fabric, but

instead had a glossy, enamel-like finish. This flat surface was crucial in attaining photographic
realism.
With a properly prepared canvas, the painter will find that each subsequent layer of color glides
on in a "buttery" manner, and that with the proper consistency of application (fat over lean
technique), a painting entirely devoid of brushstrokes can be achieved. A warm iron is applied
over a piece of wet cotton to flatten the wrinkles.
Canvas can also be printed on using offset or specialist digital printers to create canvas prints.
This process of digital inkjet printing is popularly referred to as Gicle. After printing, the canvas
can be wrapped around a stretcher and displayed.

Canvas for embroidery

Canvas is a popular base fabric for embroidery such as cross-stitch and Berlin wool work.[5]
Some specific types of embroidery canvases are Aida cloth (also called Java canvas[6]), Penelope
canvas, Chess canvas, and Binca canvas.[7][8][9] Plastic canvas is a stiffer form of Binca canvas.[10]

Canvas as a compound agent

From the 13th century onward, canvas was used as a covering layer on Pavise shields. The
canvas was applied to the wooden surface of the Pavise, covered with multiple layers of gesso
and often richly painted in tempera technique. Finally, the surface was sealed with a transparent
varnish. While the gessoed canvas was a perfect painting surface, the primary purpose of the
canvas application may have been the strengthening of the wooden shield corpus in a manner
similar to modern glass-reinforced plastic.

Splined canvas, stretched canvas and canvas boards

Splined canvases differ from traditional side-stapled canvas in that canvas is attached with a
spline at the rear of the frame. This allows the artist to incorporate painted edges into the artwork
itself without staples at the sides, and the artwork can be displayed without a frame. Splined
canvas can be restretched by adjusting the spline.
Stapled canvases stay stretched tighter over a longer period of time, but are more difficult to restretch when the need arises.
Canvas boards are made of cardboard with canvas stretched over and glued to a cardboard
backing, and sealed on the backside. The canvas is typically linen primed for a certain type of
paint. They are primarily used by artists for quick studies.

Canvas types

Dyed canvas

Fire-proof canvas

Printed canvas

Stripe canvas

Water-resistant canvas

Waterproof canvas

Waxed canvas

Canvas products

Wood (Cedar) Canvas canoes

Canvas bags

Coated Canvas bags (e.g. Goyard)

Canvas covers

Canvas shoes (e.g. Converse, Vans, Keds)

Canvas tarpaulins

Canvas tent (e.g. Armbruster Manufacturing Co.[11])

Martial arts uniforms (e.g. Tokaido, Shureido, Judogi)

See also

Canvas print

Marine canvas

Plastic canvas

References
Fabric

Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Nonwove
n

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Knitted

Netted

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Finishing
and
printing

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Related

Weaving

Yarn

cs:Pltno
it:InterfBedford cord
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Bedford cord
Bedford cord, named after the town of Bedford in England, is a durable fabric that resembles
corduroy. The weave has faint lengthwise ridges, but without the filling yarns that make the
distinct wales characteristic of corduroy. Trousers made with Bedford cord are sometimes called
"Bedford cords".
A water-repellent cotton version of Bedford cord called Jungle Cloth was used by the U.S. Navy
for flight clothing during the 1920s-1940s era.

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Figured
woven

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Pile
woven

Nonwove
n

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Knitted

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Finishing
and
printing

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Related

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

odera nl:Canvas (materiaal) pl:Ptno

Chiffon (fabric)
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Chiffon (fabric)

Chiffon, French pronunciation: [i.f], from the French word for a cloth or rag, is a lightweight,
balanced plain-woven sheer fabric woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns.[1]
The twist in the crepe yarns puckers the fabric slightly in both directions after weaving, giving it
some stretch and a slightly rough feel.
Chiffon is made from cotton, silk or synthetic fibres. Chiffon can be dyed to almost any shade,
but chiffon made from polyester can be difficult to dye. Under a magnifying glass it resembles a
fine net or mesh which gives chiffon some see-through properties.
When sewing chiffon, many crafters layer tissue paper in between the two pieces being sewn
together. The tissue paper helps keep the fabric together, with the rough surface of the tissue
holding the chiffon in place while it is handled. After sewing, the tissue paper can be carefully
ripped out. Chiffon is also pinnable, as it will spring back, concealing pin marks. As a general
rule, sewers are advised to work slowly and steadily with this fabric, taking care not to run it
through a sewing machine too quickly lest it bunch and gather.
Chiffon is most commonly used in evening wear, especially as an overlay, for giving an elegant
and floating appearance to the gown. It is also a popular fabric used in blouses, ribbons, scarves
and lingerie. Like other crpe fabrics, chiffon can be difficult to work with because of its light
and slippery texture. Due to this delicate nature, chiffon must be hand washed very gently.[1]
Since chiffon is a light-weight fabric that frays very easily, bound or French seams must be used
to stop the fabric from fraying. Chiffon is smoother and more lustrous than the similar fabric
georgette.[1]

The American actress Lillian Gish in morning dress in chiffon and lace. (1922)

Coat and skirt producing a stylish street suit of gray chiffon broadcloth with embroidery
and lace decoration. Black lace is effectively displayed on this smart frock of wheatcolored soft taffeta, a union of yoke waist. (1905)

References
External links

[1] Difference between Chiffon and Georgette

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Nonwove
n

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Knitted

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Textile
fibers

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Finishing
and
printing

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Related

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Drill (fabric)
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347252

Drill (fabric)
Drill is stout durable cotton fabric with a strong bias (diagonal) in the weave.[1] It can be used
unbleached, although it is more often bleached or dyed.[1]

Use in clothing
Light weight drill is used in clothing items such as shirts, safari jackets, blouses, and sports
clothing.[1][2] The heavier weights were often used in corsets,[3] and are commonly used in work
clothing and uniforms.[1]
The most common use of drill in uniforms and casual wear is in the form of khaki. Strictly
speaking, khaki is a tan color, and the word comes from the Hindi "khak", meaning the color of
dust. Troops of the British Empire during its occupation of India wore uniforms of a white cotton
drill. During the 1840s it was discovered that dying this drill to a tan closely matching the color
of the dusty surroundings resulted in an effective camouflage. The fabric soon became a popular
material for military uniforms, and, in the United States following World War II, as veterans
returned to college campuses, it became popular in casual dress as well.[4]
Heavy cotton drill is widely used for making cooks' uniforms (chefs' wear) because it is thick
enough to protect the wearer from heat.

Other uses
Drill is a versatile fabric that has been used in a variety of applications. Boat sail drill is a light
weight unbleached drill used to make sails for sailing craft.[1][5][6] Although duck (canvas) was
more commonly used for these purposes,[7] drill has also been used to make tarpaulins, tents,
awnings and canopies,[8] but the use of both fabrics has been supplanted in modern times with
synthetic fabrics. Like duck, drill is used as a covering for furniture and cushions.[9]

References
Fabric

Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Nonwove
n

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Knitted

Netted

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Finishing
and
printing

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Related

Weaving

Yarn

Flannel
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922083

Flannel
Flannel is a soft woven fabric, of various fineness. Flannel was originally made from carded
wool or worsted yarn, but is now often made from either wool, cotton, or synthetic fibre. Flannel

may be brushed to create extra softness or remain unbrushed. The brushing process is a
mechanical process where a fine metal brush rubs the fabric to create fine fibers from the loosely
spun yarns. Typically, flannel has either a single- or double-sided nap. Double-napped flannel
refers to a fabric that has been brushed on both sides. If the flannel is not napped, it gains its
softness through the loosely spun yarn in its woven form. Flannel is commonly used to make
tartan clothing, blankets, bed sheets, and sleepwear.
"Flannel shirt" is often mistakenly used to mean any shirt with a plaid or tartan pattern, rather
than a shirt constructed of flannel fabric.

Contents

1 History

2 Types

3 Weave

4 See also

5 References

History
The origin of the word is uncertain, but a Welsh origin has been suggested as fabric similar to
flannel can be traced back to Wales, where it was well known as early as the 16th century. The
French term flanelle was used in the late 17th century, and the German Flanell was used in the
early 18th century.[1]
Flannel has been made since the 17th century, gradually replacing the older Welsh plains, some
of which were finished as "cottons" or friezes, which was the local textile product. In the 19th
century, flannel was made particularly in towns such as Newtown, Montgomeryshire,[2] Hay on
Wye,[3] and Llanidloes.[4] The expansion of its production is closely associated with the spread of
carding mills, which prepared the wool for spinning, this being the first aspect of the production
of woollen cloth to be mechanised (apart from fulling). The marketing of these Welsh woollen
clothes was largely controlled by the Drapers Company of Shrewsbury.[5][6][7]
At one time Welsh, Yorkshire, Lancashire and Irish flannels differed slightly in character due
largely to the grade of raw wool used in the several localities, some being softer and finer than
others. While nowadays, the colour of flannel is determined by dyes, originally this was achieved
through mixing white, blue, brown and black wools in varying proportions. Lighter shades were
achieved by bleaching with sulphur dioxide.[8]
Originally it was made of fine, short staple wool, but by the 20th century mixtures of silk and
cotton had become common. It was at this time that flannel trousers became popular in sports,

especially cricket, in which it was used extensively until the late 1970s. After that woven
polyester proved more economical than traditional flannel had been. Only a handful of
companies are now able to supply traditional cricket whites now, which provides a challenge for
the organisers of Flannels For Heroes, a London based event in which four cricket teams
compete wearing traditional clothing in aid of charity.
The use of flannel plaid shirts was at peak in the 1990s with popular grunge bands like Nirvana
and Pearl Jam using them as one of their trademarks of their shaggy look.

Types
Flannelette typically refers to a napped cotton the texture of flannel. The weft is generally
coarser than the warp. The flannel-like appearance is created by creating a nap from the weft;
scratching it and raising it up. Flannelette can either have long or short nap, and can be napped
on one or two sides. It comes in many colours, both solid and patterned.[9]

Baby flannel is a lightweight fabric used for childrenswear.[10]

Cotton flannel or Canton flannel is a cotton fabric napped on one side or two sides.

Ceylon flannel was a name for a wool and cotton mixture.[8]

Diaper flannel is a stout cotton fabric napped on both sides, and used for making cloth
diapers.

Weave
Flannel, flannelette, and cotton flannel can be woven in either a twill weave or plain weave. The
weave is often hidden by napping on one or both sides. After weaving, it is napped once, then
bleached, dyed, or otherwise treated, and then napped a second time.

See also

Tartan

Check (pattern)

Madras (cloth)

Argyle (pattern)

References

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Nonwove
n

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Knitted

Netted

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Finishing
and
printing

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Related

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Foulard
Help improve this article

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Help to improve this article, make contributions at the Citational Source
11419344

Foulard
A foulard is a lightweight fabric, either twill or plain-woven, made of silk or a mix of silk and
cotton. Foulards usually have a small printed design of various colors. Foulard can also refer by
metonymy to articles of clothing, such as scarves and neckties, made from this fabric.[1]
Foulard is believed to have originated in the Far East. The word comes from the French word
foulard, with the same proper and metonymic meanings.[2]
In modern French, foulard is the usual word for a scarf or neckerchief.
Home decor use of foulard fabric: "Wall coverings are check, tattersalls, and foulards."[3]

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Figured
woven

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Pile
woven

Nonwove
n

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

Knitted

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Finishing
and
printing

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Related

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

PrevNext

Gabardine

Gabardine is a tough, tight woven fabric used to make suits, overcoats, trousers, uniforms,
windbreakers, and other garments.

Contents

1 Etymology

2 Fabric

3 History

4 Notes

5 References

Etymology
The word gabardine has been used to refer to a "dress, covering" since the 1590s. It has been
used to mean "closely woven cloth" since 1904.[1]

Fabric
The fibre used to make the fabric is traditionally worsted wool, but may also be cotton,
texturized polyester, or a blend. Gabardine is woven as a warp-faced steep or regular twill, with a
prominent diagonal rib on the face and smooth surface on the back. Garbardine always has many
more warp than weft yarns.[2][3][4]
Cotton gabardine is many times used by bespoke tailors to make pocket linings for business
suits, where the pocket's contents would quickly wear holes in the usual flimsy pocket lining
material.
Clothing made from gabardine is generally labeled as being suitable for dry cleaning only, as is
typical for wool textiles.
Gabardine may also refer to the twill-weave used for gabardine fabric, or to a raincoat made of
this fabric.

History
Gabardine was invented in 1879 by Thomas Burberry, founder of the Burberry fashion house in
Basingstoke, and patented in 1888. The original fabric was water-proofed before weaving and
was worsted or worsted/cotton, tightly woven and water-repellant but more comfortable than
rubberized fabrics.[3] The fabric takes its name from the word "gaberdine", originally a long,

loose cloak or gown worn in the Middle Ages, but later signifying a rain cloak or protective
smock-frock.[4][5]
Burberry clothing of gabardine was worn by polar explorers including Roald Amundsen, the first
man to reach the South Pole, in 1911, and Ernest Shackleton, who led a 1914 expedition to cross
Antarctica. A jacket made of this material was worn by George Mallory on his ill-fated attempt
on Mount Everest in 1924.[6]
Gabardine was also used widely in the 1950s to produce colourful patterned casual jackets,
trousers and suits. Companies like J. C. Penney, Sport Chief, Campus, Four Star, and California
Trends were all producing short waisted jackets, sometimes reversible, commonly known as
weekender jackets. These jackets, depending on pattern and rarity, are highly sought after in the
"rockabilly" subcultures around the world.

Notes
References

Cumming, Valerie, C. W. Cunnington and P. E. Cunnington. The Dictionary of Fashion

History, Berg, 2010,

Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10th edition, Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2007,

Picken, Mary Brooks: The Fashion Dictionary, Funk & Wagnalls, 1957. (1973 edition )

Weaving
Weaves

Basketweave

Charvet

Coverlet

Dobby

Double weave

Even-weave

Lampas

Oxford

Pile weave

Piqu

Plain weave

Satin weave

Shot

Twill

Gabardine

Textiles

Warp

Weft

Yarn

Barber-Colman knotter

Beamer

Chilkat weaving

Fingerweaving

Flying shuttle

Heald (Heddle)

Ikat

Components

Tools and
techniques

Inkle weaving

Jacquard weaving

Kasuri

Loom

Navajo weaving

Pibiones

Reed

Salish weaving

Shed

Shuttle

Sizing
o Sizing machine

Types of
looms

Tablet weaving

Tniko

Tapestry

Temple

Air jet loom

Dobby loom

Jacquard loom

Hattersley loom

Lancashire loom

Northrop loom

Power loom

Rapier loom

Roberts Loom

Tapestry loom

Warp weighted loom

Water jet loom

Acesas

Anni Albers

Ada Dietz

Micheline Beauchemin

Thomas Ferguson & Co Ltd

Dorothy Liebes

Pamphile

John Rylands

Brigitta Scherzenfeldt

Clara Sherman

Gunta Stlzl

Judocus de Vos

Weavers

Employmen
t practices

More looms

Kissing the shuttle

Piece-rate list

Bancroft Mill

Queen Street Mill

Mills

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Nonwove
n

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Knitted

Netted

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Finishing
and
printing

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

Related

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Herringbone (cloth)
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20379096

Herringbone (cloth)
Herringbone describes a distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern usually found in twill fabric. It is
distinguished from a plain chevron by the break at reversal, which makes it resemble a broken
zigzag. The pattern is called herringbone because it resembles the skeleton of a herring fish.[1]
Herringbone-patterned fabric is usually wool, and is one of the most popular cloths used for suits
and outerwear.[2] Tweed cloth is often woven with a herringbone pattern.

See also

Herringbone pattern

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Figured
woven

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Pile
woven

Nonwove
n

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Knitted

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Finishing
and
printing

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Related

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Irish linen
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1307168

Irish linen
Irish linen (Irish: Lnadach ireannach[1]) is the brand name given to linen produced in Ireland.
Linen is cloth woven from, or yarn spun from the flax fibre, which was grown in Ireland for
many years before advanced agricultural methods and more suitable climate led to the

concentration of quality flax cultivation in northern Europe (Most of the world crop of quality
flax is now grown in Northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands). Since about the 1950s to
1960s the flax fibre for Irish Linen yarn has been, almost exclusively, imported from France,
Belgium and the Netherlands. It is bought by spinners who produce yarn and this, in turn, is sold
to weavers (or knitters) who produce fabric. Irish linen spinning has now virtually ceased, yarns
being imported from places such as Eastern Europe and China. The best of these yarns are still
spun, on the whole, from Northern European flax.
Weaving continues mainly of plain linens for niche, top of the range, apparel uses. Linen damask
weaving in Ireland has less capacity, and it is confined at very much the top end of the market for
luxury end uses. The companies continuing to weave in Ireland tend to concentrate on the quality
end of the market, and Jacquard weaving is moving towards the weaving of specials and custom
damask pieces, made to the customers' own individual requirements. Fabric which is woven
outside Ireland and brought to Ireland to be bleached/dyed and finished cannot carry the Irish
Linen Guild logo, which is the Guild trademark, and signifies the genuine Irish Linen brand.
Irish linen yarn is defined as yarn which is spun in Ireland from 100% flax fibres. Irish linen
fabric is defined as fabric which is woven in Ireland from 100% linen yarns. It is not required
that every stage from the growing of the flax to the weaving must take place in Ireland. Flax is
not Irish linenIrish linen is made from flax. What constitutes genuine Irish linen has been
defined by the Irish Linen Guild. To be Irish linen fabric the yarns do not necessarily have to
come from an Irish spinner, and to be Irish linen yarn the flax fibre does not have to be grown in
Ireland. However, the skills, craftsmanship, and technology that go into spinning the yarn must
be Irish, as is the case with Irish linen fabric, the design and weaving skills must be Irish, and
must take place in Ireland.
Finished garments, or household textile items can be labelled Irish linen, although they may have
been made up in another country. Irish linen does not refer to the making up process (such as
cutting and sewing). It refers to where the constituent fabric was woven or knitted.

Bibliography

Marilyn Cohen (2003) "The Dynamics of Capitalism in the Irish Linen Industry: A
'Space-Time Structuration' Analysis", Journal of Historical Sociology Volume 16 Issue 4,
pp. 432459, DOI 10.1046/j.0952-1909.2003.00216.x

G. P. F. Steed (1974) The Northern Ireland Linen Complex, 1950-1970

References
External links

History History of Irish linen

Irish Linen - The Fabric of Ireland

Irish heritage Working in the Irish linen mills

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Jamdani
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1501379

PrevNext

Jamdani
Template:Culture of Bangladesh

Jamdani (Bengali: ) is a hand loom woven fabric made of cotton, which historically was
referred to as muslin.[1]

Contents

1 History

2 Weave

3 Etymology

4 Varieties of jamdani work

5 Changes with time

6 Decline and fall

7 Current problems

8 External links

9 References

History
The Jamdani weaving tradition is of Bengali origin. It is one of the most time and labor intensive
forms of weaving hand loom weaving. In the first half of the nineteenth century, James Taylor
described the figured or flowered jamdani; in the late nineteenth century, T. N. Mukharji referred
to this fabric as jamdani muslin.

Weave
Whether figured or flowered, jamdani is a woven fabric in cotton, and it is undoubtedly one of
the varieties of the finest muslin. It has been spoken of as the most artistic textile of the
Bangladeshi weaver. Traditionally woven around Dhaka, Bangladesh, and created on the loom
brocade, jamdani is fabulously rich in motifs. Jamdani is a fine muslin cloth on which decorative
motifs are woven on the loom, typically in grey and white. Often a mixture of cotton and gold
thread were/was used.

Etymology

The word Jamdani is of origin, from 'Jam' meaning flower and 'Dani' meaning a vase or a
container. The earliest mention of jamdani and its development as an industry is found in

Varieties of jamdani work

Though mostly used for saris, Jamdani is also used for scarves and handkerchiefs. Jamdani is
believed to be a fusion of the ancient cloth-making techniques of Bengal (perhaps 2,000 years
old) with the muslins produced by Bengali Muslims since the 14th century. Jamdani is the most
expensive product of Dhaka looms since it requires the most lengthy and dedicated work.
Jamdani patterns are mostly of geometric, plant, and floral designs and are said to originate in
Persian and Mughal fusion thousands of years ago. Due to the exquisite painstaking
methodology required, only aristocrats and royal families were able to afford such luxuries.

Changes with time

We do not know exactly when jamdani came to be adorned with floral patterns of the loom. It is,
however, certain that in the Mughal period, most likely during the reign of either Emperor Akbar
(15561605) or Emperor Jahangir (16051627), the figured or flowered muslin came to be
known as the jamdani. Forbes Watson in his most valuable work titled Textile Manufactures and
Costumes of the people of India holds that the figured muslins, because of their complicated
designs, were always considered the most expensive productions of the Dhaka looms.[2]

Decline and fall

From the middle of the 19th century, there was a gradual decline in the jamdani industry. A
number of factors contributed to this decline. The subsequent import of lower quality, but
cheaper yarn from Europe, started the decline. Most importantly, the decline of Mughal power in
India, deprived the producers of jamdani of their most influential patrons. Villages like
Madhurapur and Jangalbari, (both in the Kishoreganj district), once famous for the jamdani
industry went into gradual oblivion.

Current problems
According to a national daily, a senior taanti or "ostad" earns about Tk 2,500 to Tk 3,000 per
month. Junior weavers get much less, around Tk 1,600. As a result many weavers do not want
their children to come to this profession. For many, the garments industry offer a lucrative
alternative.
Thankfully, the government and other organizations are trying to revive the old glory of Dhakai
Jamdani. In a bid to avoid the middlemen, they are trying to establish direct contact with the
weavers. A Jamdani Palli has been established near Dhaka. Jamdani, one of the oldest forms of
cottage industry in Bangladesh, was once was a dying trade. It was successfully revived due to
the pioneering work of entrepreneurs such as Monira Emdad. Tangail Saree Kutir along with

other sari stores on Baily Road, strive to support the thousands of weavers of Bangladesh who
have struggled to keep this age old tradition and fashion alive. Organizations like Radiant
Institute of Design, Shanto Mariam University of creative technology,National Intitute of
Design(NID) etc. are helping designers create new Jamdani designs.

External links

More Info on Jamdani Sarees

Jamdani's Struggle to Survive

Jamdani on Banglapedia No such article is found - October 26, 2012

Tangail Saree Kutir, Baily Road - External Source - 1 [3]

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Nonwove
n

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Knitted

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Finishing
and
printing

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

Related

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Muslin
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200485


PrevNext

Muslin

Muslin (/msln/ or /mjusln/) (AmE: Muslin gauze) from French mousseline, from Italian
mussolina, from Mussolo Mosul (Mosul, Iraq), also known as jamdani, is a loosely woven
cotton fabric. Originating in Bengal, it was introduced to Europe from the Middle East in the
17th century. It became very popular at the end of the 18th century in France. Because air moves
easily through muslin, muslin clothing is suitable for hot, dry climates.

Contents

1 Etymology and history

2 Uses
o 2.1 Dress-making and sewing
o 2.2 Culinary
o 2.3 Theater and photography

o 2.4 Medicine

3 References

Etymology and history

There is a theory that Muslin was first brought to Europe by the Crusaders of the First Crusade
who had found the cloth in the Middle East, it being named after Mosul in Iraq the town where it
was woven (APP: "History of the Crusades"). Muslin clothes were traded by ancient Greeks
from the Indian port town Machilipatnam, which was called Maisolos or Masalia in ancient
times. Some believe that the name muslin originated from the name Maisolos. In 1298, Marco
Polo described the cloth in his book The Travels. He said that it was made in Mosul, Iraq.[1]
Although this view has the fabric named after the city where Europeans first encountered it
(Mosul), the fabric is believed to have originated in Dhakeshwari, now called Dhaka, which is
now the capital of Bangladesh.[2] In the 9th century, an Arab merchant named Sulaiman makes
note of the material's origin in Bengal (known as Ruhml in Arabic). The word muslin is also used
colloquially. In the United Kingdom, many sheer cotton fabrics are called muslin, while in the
United States, muslin sometimes refers to a firm cloth for everyday use, which in the UK and
Australia is known as calico.

Uses
Dress-making and sewing
When sewing clothing, a dressmaker may test the fit of a garment, using an inexpensive muslin
fabric before cutting the intended expensive fabric, thereby avoiding potential costly mistakes.
The muslin garment is often called a "muslin", and the process is called "making a muslin". With
the availability of inexpensive synthetic fabrics, which closely resemble the hand (drape and
feel) of expensive natural fabrics, a test or fitting garment made of synthetics may still be
referred to as a muslin, because the word has become the generic term for a test or fitting
garment.
Muslin is also often used as a backing or lining for quilts, and thus can often be found in wide
widths in the quilting sections of fabric stores.

Culinary
Muslin can be used as a filter:

in a funnel when decanting fine wine or port to prevent sediment from entering the
decanter

to separate liquid from mush (for example, to make apple juice: wash, chop, boil, mash,
then filter by pouring the mush into a muslin bag suspended over a jug)

to retain a liquidy solid (for example, in home cheese-making, when the milk has curdled
to a gel, pour into a muslin bag and squash between two saucers (upside down under a
brick) to squeeze out the liquid whey from the cheese curd)

Muslin is the material for the traditional cloth used to wrap a Christmas pudding.
It is also used by beekeepers to filter melted beeswax, making it clean and particle-free for sale.

Theater and photography

Muslin is often the cloth of choice for theater sets. It is used to mask the background of sets and
to establish the mood or feel of different scenes. It receives paint well and, if treated properly,
can be made translucent.
It also holds dyes very well. It is often used to create night time scenes because when it is dyed,
it often gets a wavy look with the color varying slightly, such that it resembles a night sky.
Muslin shrinks after it is painted, but it is widely used because it makes an excellent painting
surface.
In video production as well, muslin can be used as a cheap greenscreen or bluescreen, either
precolored or painted with latex paint (diluted with water). It is commonly used as a background
for the chroma key technique.
Muslin is the most common backdrop material used by photographers for formal portrait
backgrounds. These backdrops are usually painted, most often with an abstract mottled pattern.
In the early days of silent film-making and up until the late 1910s, movie studios did not have the
elaborate lights needed to illuminate indoor sets, so most interior scenes were sets built outdoors
with large pieces of muslin hanging overhead to diffuse the lighting.

Medicine
Muslin gauze has also found a use in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. It is wrapped
circumferentially around aneurysms or intracranial vessels at risk for bleeding.[3] The thought is
that the gauze reinforces the artery and helps prevent rupture. It is often used for aneurysms that,
due to their size or shape, cannot be microsurgically clipped or coiled.[4]
Muslin is also commonly used in the manufacture of bandages. It provides a compact yet strong
fabric for use as an improvised material in the field of Emergency Medicine. It is standard
practice to use it for slings, swaths and tourniquets.[5]

References
Fabric

Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Nonwove
n

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Knitted

Netted

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Finishing
and
printing

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Related

Weaving

Yarn

Ottoman (textile)
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17052030

Ottoman (textile)
Ottoman is a fabric with a pronounced ribbed or corded effect, often made of silk or a mixture
of cotton and other silk like yarns. It is mostly used for formal dress and in particular, legal dress
(such as QC gowns) and academic dress (mostly for hoods).
Ottoman made of pure silk is very expensive so artificial silk is used instead to create a cheaper
alternative.
Grosgrain is similar to Ottoman but it is thinner and lighter than Ottoman and is used mostly for
ribbons.

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Figured
woven

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Pile
woven

Nonwove
n

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Knitted

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Finishing
and
printing

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Related

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Poplin
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347232

Poplin

Poplin, also called tabinet (or tabbinet), is a strong fabric in a plain weave of any fiber or blend,
with crosswise ribs that typically gives a corded surface.[1]
Poplin traditionally consisted of a silk warp with a weft of worsted yarn. As the weft is in the
form of a stout cord the fabric has a ridged structure, like rep, which gave depth and softness to
the lustre of the silky surface. It is now made with wool, cotton, silk, rayon, or any mixture of
these, though originally made from silk. The ribs run across the fabric from selvage to selvage.
Poplins are used for dress purposes, and for rich upholstery work. They are formed by using
coarse filling yarns in a plain weave. Shirts made from this material are easy to iron and do not
wrinkle easily.
The term poplin originates from papelino, a fabric made at Avignon, France in the 15th century,
named for the papal (pope's) residence there, and from the French papelaine a fabric, normally
made with silk, of the same period.[1] Common usage of poplin until about the 20th century was
to make silk, cotton or heavy weight wool dresses, suitable for winter wear. Poplin was also a
popular upholstery fabric.

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Nonwove
n

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Knitted

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Finishing
and
printing

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Related

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Sateen
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2344574

Sateen
Sateen is a fabric made using a satin weave structure but made with cotton yarns instead of silk.
[1]

The sheen and softer feel of sateen is produced through the satin weave structure. Warp yarns are
floated over weft yarns, for example four over and one under. (In a weft-faced satin or sateen, the
weft yarns are floated over the warp yarns.) Standard plain weaves use a one-over, one-under

structure. The long floats produce a smooth surface to the touch. Also they don't scatter light
which increases shine. This weave structure is more susceptible to wear than other weaves.
In modern times cheaper rayon is often substituted for cotton. Better qualities are mercerized to
give a higher sheen. Some are only calendered to produce the sheen but this disappears with
washing.

See also

Percale

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Nonwove
n

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Knitted

Netted

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Finishing
and
printing

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

Related

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

bg:
cs:Satn da:Satin de:Satin es:Satn eo:Sateno fr:Satin io:Satino ku:Saten nl:Satijn ja:
no:Sateng pl:Satyna pt:Cetim ru: fi:Satiini sv:Satin tr:Saten uk:

Toile
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2744994

Toile
Toile is a fabric, from the French word meaning "linen cloth" or "canvas", particularly cloth or
canvas for painting on. The word "toile" can refer to the fabric itself, a test garment (generally)
sewn from the same material, or a type of repeated surface decoration (traditionally) printed on
the same fabric. The term entered the English language around the 12th century[1]

Contents

1 Etymology

2 Uses
o 2.1 Test garment
o 2.2 Toile de Jouy

3 References

Etymology
Middle English toile, from French toile ("cloth"), from Old French teile, from Latin tela,
("web"), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg ("to cover") (see List of Proto-Indo-European roots
in ).

Uses
Test garment
In Australian and British terminology, a "toile" is a version of a garment made by a fashion
designer or dressmaker to test a pattern. They are usually made in cheap material, as multiple
toiles may be made in the process of perfecting a design. Toiles are sometimes referred to as
"muslins" in the United States, named for the cheap, unbleached cotton fabric available in
different weights.

Toile de Jouy
"Toile de Jouy", sometimes abbreviated to simply "toile", is a type of decorating pattern
consisting of a white or off-white background on which a repeated pattern depicting a fairly
complex scene, generally of a pastoral theme such as a couple having a picnic by a lake or an
arrangement of flowers.[2] The pattern portion consists of a single color, most often black, dark
red, or blue. Greens, browns, and magenta toile patterns are less common, but not unheard of.
Toile is most associated with fabrics (curtains and upholstery in particular, especially chintz),
though toile wallpaper is also popular. Toile can also be used on teapots, beddings, clothing, etc.
In upper-class (primarily American, but also northern European) society, toile is often seen on
dresses or aprons used at such events as country-themed garden parties or tea parties.
Toiles were originally produced in Ireland in the mid-18th Century and quickly became popular
in Britain and France.[3] The term, Toile de Jouy, originated in France in the late 18th century. In
the French language, the phrase literally means "cloth from Jouy-en-Josas", a town of northcentral France.
Although it has been continuously produced since then, it experienced a marked upsurge in
popularity around the year 2000. Previously only a decorating design, designers have been
recently experimenting with toile-patterned apparel as well, although toile-patterned shirts were
widely worn in the 1970s.
Toiles were very popular during the Colonial Era in the United States and are highly associated
with preservationist towns and historical areas such as Colonial Williamsburg.[4] When
Williamsburg saw a repopularization in the 1930s, so did toiles, as they did again in the 1970s in
celebration of the United States Bicentennial.

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Nonwove
n

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Knitted

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Textile
fibers

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Finishing
and
printing

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Related

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Viyella
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Help to improve this article, make contributions at the Citational Source
5948231

Viyella
Viyella was a blend of wool and cotton first woven in 1893 in England, and soon to be the "first
branded fabric in the world". [1] It was made of 55 percent merino wool and 45 percent cotton in
a twill weave, developed by James and Robert Sissons of William Hollins & Company, spinners

and hosiers. The brand name, first registered as a trademark in 1894,[2] and registered in the
United States in 1907, soon covered not only the original fabric, to be sold by the yard (piece
goods), but also clothing. At first this was made by separate businesses, but it was not long
before Hollins started producing their own clothes and offering franchises to manufacturers who
would use the Viyella label. Following increasing emphasis on garment manufacture over the
years, Viyella is now a fashion brand for clothes and home furnishings made of a variety of
fabrics. The original wool/cotton blend is no longer on sale.

Contents

1 The fabric

2 The companies

3 References

4 Further reading

5 External links

The fabric
Viyella was a soft dress-weight fabric which was more resistant to shrinkage than any
comparable pure wool alternative (challis, for example). In its early years it was marketed as a
fabric which combined lightness and fashion with warmth and durability. One 1920s
advertisement called it a "guaranteed unshrinkable fine wool flannel" for women who wanted
both "daintiness" and "protectiveness".[3] By the early 20th century it came in various weights
and widths, some rather narrow by today's standards, and in both plain colours and woven or
printed patterns, and was exported from the United Kingdom to other English-speaking
countries. Towards the end of the 20th century it was woven in 150cm wide lengths suitable for
modern garment design and production.
The first ready-made garments using Viyella were shirts and nightgowns, and soon came dresses,
slips and other clothing, much of it produced under franchise arrangements using the Viyella
trademark. It was also made into sheets, and at one time Viyella yarn was available for home
knitting.
In the mid-20th century the fabric was popular for children's clothes - from babies' nightgowns to
winter shirts for British schoolchildren - and for pyjamas, shirts and dresses; it became
associated with sensible, cosy clothing. Officers in the British and other Commonwealth armies
purchased their uniforms during the Second World War, and Viyella shirts were a desirable
option for them. In the late 20th century it was 're-invented' as fashionable fabric. In 1987 The
Times said it was used by designers interested in "vintage" style, like Laura Ashley, and creators
of "modern classics".[1]

Clydella was a cheaper, less soft alternative made with 81 per cent cotton, produced at factories
in the Clydeside area, including Glasgow and Hamilton, where many yards of Viyella were also
woven.
Hollins also produced the related Dayella cloth used especially for babies' clothes.

The companies
The name Viyella is based on the unusually-named valley road, Via Gellia, (the A5012) near
Matlock, where in 1890 Hollins & Co acquired a mill used for the early production of Viyella.
Hollins had started business in 1784 in Pleasley, about 20 miles away on the
Derbyshire/Nottinghamshire border. Later their offices were at Viyella House in Nottingham.
After a merger in 1961, Hollins became Viyella International, led by Joe Hyman, who in the next
few years acquired a series of related companies, with Viyella growing to be one of the biggest
textile businesses in the UK, owning 40 factories across the country. After a few years as
Carrington Viyella and then Vantona Viyella, the company owning the brand became Coats
Viyella (Coats Paton, now Coats plc), who in the 1980s built a new mill to produce Viyella cloth
in Barrowford, Lancashire, but this was demolished in 1999. In the 21st century much of Coats
manufacturing (now specialising in thread) has been moved abroad[where?] and it is no longer
possible to buy Viyella fabric. Coats underwent major restructuring in 2002 and sold off its
Viyella fashion retail business (and Jaeger) to entrepreneur Richard Thompson in 2003 for 1,
who re-sold Viyella weeks later to venture capitalist Harris Watson. Viyella Ladieswear has since
added home furnishings to its range of goods. The fashion chain entered Administration on the
7th January 2009 citing "an assessment of the current economic situation and the prospects for
the future" as the cause.
In 2009, the upmarket retailer Austin Reed agreed to buy Viyella for an undisclosed sum.
In late 2011, Viyella opened its flagship store next to Austin Reed at 92 Regent Street, London.

References

The Times: Fashion: Soft touch for a romantic, 8 September 1987

The Times: Obituary of "Joe Hyman, textile magnate", 8 July 1999

Daily Telegraph: Thompson measures Austin Reed bid, 28 March 2003

Viyella history

Textiles in the Glasgow area

Further reading

Stanley Pigott, Hollins: A Study of Industry (William Hollins & Co., 1949)

F.A. Wells, Hollins and Viyella (David & Charles 1968)

Textile Dictionary online

Pictures of Viyella production c.1950

: Viyella advertising 1946-1971

External links

Viyella

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Nonwove
n

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Knitted

Netted

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Finishing
and
printing

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

Related

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Voile
Help improve this article

Sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia licensed under

Help to improve this article, make contributions at the Citational Source
1593206

Voile
Voile is a soft, sheer fabric, usually made of 100% cotton or cotton blends including linen or
polyester. The term comes from French, and means veil. Because of its light weight, the fabric is
mostly used in soft furnishing. Full-length curtains in hot countries are made with voile and used
as window treatments, mosquito nets etc. When used as curtain material, they are similar to net
curtains.
Voiles are available in a range of patterns and colours (unlike net curtains, which are generally
white or off-white). Because of their semitransparent quality, voile curtains are made using
specially manufactured heading tape that is less easily noticeable through the fabric. Voile fabric
is also used in dress-making, either in multiple layers or laid over a second material. Voile is very
similar to chiffon, which is also used in dress-making.

Material types
Light penetrating sheer fabrics include tergalin, muslin, voile, and lace. These can be broadly
divided into two groups based on method of production.[1] The first are the natural fibers such as
cotton and silk. The second group is prepared from a man-made fiber. This kind of synthetic
sheer is extracted from raw material such as wood pulp or petroleum. They are robust and sturdy
yet still delicate looking and tend to take dye well. They are often used as window dressing as
they fall into soft folds that make attractive scarf swags.

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Nonwove
n

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Knitted

Netted

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Finishing
and
printing

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Related

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn

Vinyl coated polyester

Help improve this article

Sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia licensed under

Help to improve this article, make contributions at the Citational Source
4649844

Vinyl coated polyester

Vinyl coated polyester is the most frequently used material for flexible fabric structures. It is
made up of a polyester scrim, a bonding or adhesive agent, and exterior PVC coatings. The scrim
supports the coating (which is initially applied in liquid form) and provides the tensile strength,
elongation, tear strength, and dimensional stability of the resulting fabric. Vinyl-coated polyester
is manufactured in large panels by heat-sealing an over-lap seam with either a radio-frequency
welder or a hot-air sealer. A proper seam will be able to carry the load requirements for the
structure. The seam area should be stronger than the original coated fabric when testing for
tensile strength.
The base fabric's tensile strength is determined by the size (denier) and strength (tenacity) of the
yarns and the number of yarns per linear inch or meter. The larger the yarn and the more yarns
per inch, the greater the finished product's tensile strength.

The adhesive agent acts as a chemical bond between the polyester fibers and the exterior coating
and also prevents fibers from wicking, or absorbing water in a process that could result in freezethaw damage in the fabric.
The PVC coating liquid (vinyl Organisol or Plastisol) contains chemicals to achieve the desired
properties of color, water and mildew resistance, and flame retardancy. Fabric can also be
manufactured that contains high levels of light transmission or can be made completely opaque.
After the coating has been applied to the scrim, the fabric is put through a heating chamber that
dries the liquid coating. PVC coatings are available in a range of colors, although non-standard
colors can be pricey. Colors may be subject to minimum order runs that allow the coating
machine to clear out traces of any previous color.
The molten vinyl coating (PVC) makes it waterproof with a high resistance to dirt, mildew, oil,
salt, chemicals and UV. The vinyl coating on the fibers give the material added strength and
durability. Vinyl coated Polyester is a very dimensionally stable fabric that does not tear with any
ease, nor will it stretch, crack, rot or mildew. It can be sewn or heat sealed by way of RF(Radio
Frequency) Welding or Hot Air Welding.
Many fabrics such as this are now imported from Korea, Taiwan and other Asian countries, But
there are many manufactures still in the US. luckily most of these manufacturers still have the
support of Government amendments such as the Buy American Act(BAA - 41 U.S.C. 10a
10d) and the Berry Amendment(USC, Title 10, Section 2533a) which only allows the US defense
departments to purchase fabrics made from the USA.

References
http://www.ifai.com/groups/usifi
Fabric Welding - http://www.weldmaster.com/
http://fabricstructuresassociation.org/
Fabric Consultation and Supply - http://www.topvaluefabrics.com

See also
Fabric Structures

Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Figured
woven

Pile
woven

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Nonwove
n

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Knitted

Netted

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Finishing
and
printing

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Related

Weaving

Yarn

Ripstop
Help improve this article

Sourced from World Heritage Encyclopedia licensed under

Help to improve this article, make contributions at the Citational Source
17401306

Ripstop
Ripstop fabrics are woven fabrics, often made of nylon, using a special reinforcing technique
that makes them resistant to tearing and ripping. During weaving, (thick) reinforcement threads
are interwoven at regular intervals in a crosshatch pattern. The intervals are typically 5 to 8
millimeters (0.2 to 0.3 in). Thin and lightweight ripstop fabrics have a 3-dimensional structure
due to the thicker threads being interwoven in thinner cloth. Older lightweight ripstop fabrics
display the thicker interlocking thread patterns in the material quite prominently, but more
modern weaving techniques make the ripstop threads less obvious. A similar effect can be
achieved by weaving two or three fine yarns together at smaller intervals.[1]
Advantages of ripstop are the favourable strength-to-weight ratio and that small tears can not
easily spread. Fibers used to make ripstop include cotton, silk, polyester, and polypropylene,
with nylon content limited to the crosshatched threads that make it tear-resistant.

Applications
Ripstop fabrics are used in yacht sails and spinnakers, hot air balloons, kites, parachutes, remote
control hovercrafts, camping equipment such as lightweight tents and sleeping bags, swags,
flags, banners, and other applications requiring a strong lightweight fabric. Ripstop
reinforcement are incorporated into heavier fabrics requiring extreme durability, such as those
used in Battle Dress Uniforms, Nomex protective clothing for firefighters and other workwear,
Brazilian Jiu Jitsu uniforms, outdoor and sports clothing, backpacks, and luggage bags. Selfadhesive ripstop cloth-patches are used to repair both rips and tears in other fabrics.
Ejector seat parachutes made with ripstop are woven with an elastic-like fabric so that they
stretch to allow more air to pass through at high speed. Then as the ejector seat slows, the weave
closes and acts like a conventional parachute. This allows the pilot seat to slow gently, avoiding
compression that could result in spinal injury.

Ripstop nylon
Ripstop nylon is a light-weight nylon fabric with interwoven ripstop reinforcement threads in a
crosshatch pattern. The material comes in many different colors and sizes, including thickness. It
is woven with coarse, strong warp and filling yarns at intervals so that tears will not spread.
Ripstop nylon may be waterproof, water resistant, fire resistant, or have zero porosity (will not
allow air or water through), and comes in light, medium and heavy weights. Textures range from
a soft and silk-like material to a crisp or stiff fabric that sounds like a paper bag when moved.
It was developed in World War II as a replacement for silk in the production of parachutes.

See also

Ballistic nylon

Cordura

Ripstop polyester

References
Fabric
Woven

Aertex

Airdura

Airguard

Barathea

Barkcloth

Batiste

Bedford cord

Bengaline silk

Beta cloth

Bombazine

Brilliantine

Broadcloth

Buckram

Bunting

Burlap

C change

Calico

Cambric

Canvas

Chambray

Capilene

Cedar bark

Challis

Char cloth

Charmeuse

Charvet

Cheesecloth

Chiffon

Chino

Chintz

Cloqu

Cloth of gold

Cordura

Corduroy

Duck

Coutil

Crape

Cretonne

Dazzle

Denim

Dimity

Donegal tweed

Dornix

Dowlas

Drill

Drugget

Flannel

Foulard

Fustian

Gabardine

Gauze

Gazar

Georgette

Ghalamkar

Gingham

Grenadine

Grenfell Cloth

Grosgrain

Habutai

Haircloth

Harris Tweed

Herringbone

Himroo

Hodden

Irish linen

Jamdani

Kerseymere

Khd

Khaki drill

Kente cloth

Lam

Lawn

Linsey-woolsey

Loden

Longcloth

Lumalive

Mackinaw

Madapolam

Madras

Moleskin

Muslin

Nainsook

Nankeen

Ninon

Oilskin

Organdy

Organza

Osnaburg

Ottoman

Oxford

Paduasoy

Percale

Pongee

Poplin

Rakematiz

Rayadillo

Rep

Rinzu

Ripstop

Russell cord

Saga Nishiki

Samite

Sateen

Satin

Saye

Scarlet

Seersucker

Serge

Scrim

Shot silk

Stuff

Taffeta

Tais

Figured
woven

Toile

Tucuyo

Tweed

Twill

Ultrasuede

Ventile

Vinyl coated polyester

Viyella

Voile

Wadmal

Wigan

Whipcord

Zephyr

Zorbeez

Brocade

Camlet

Damask

Lampas

Songket

Pile
woven

Nonwove
n

Baize

Chenille

Corduroy

Crimplene

Fustian

Mockado

Moquette

Plush

Polar fleece

Terrycloth

Velours du Kasa

Velvet

Velveteen

Zibeline

Felt

Cedar bark

Boiled wool

Coolmax

Machine knitting

Knitted

Milliskin

Jersey

Velour

Bobbinet

Carbon fiber

Fishnet

Lace

Mesh

Needlerun Net

Ninon

Tulle

Ballistic nylon

Ban-Lon

Conductive

Darlexx

E-textiles

Gannex

Gore-Tex

Silnylon

Netted

Technical

Patterns

Textile
fibers

Spandex

Stub-tex

SympaTex

Windstopper

Argyle

Bizarre silk

Chin

Herringbone

Houndstooth

Paisley

Pin stripes

Tartan (Plaid)

Tattersall

Acrylic

Alpaca

Angora

Cashmere

Coir

Cotton

Finishing
and
printing

Hemp

Jute

Kevlar

Linen

Mohair

Nylon

Microfiber

Olefin

Pashmina

Polyester

Pia

Ramie

Rayon

Sea silk

Silk

Sisal

Spandex

Spider silk

Wool

Androsia

Batik

Beetling

Bingata

Bglanfini

Calendering

Decatising

Finishing

Fulling

Heatsetting

Mercerization

Moire

Nap

Rogan printing

Rketsuzome

Roller printing

Sanforization

Tenterhook

Textile printing

Warp printing

Waxed cotton

Woodblock printing

Related

Indienne

Dyeing

Fiber

History of textiles

History of silk

Knitting

Pandy

Shrinkage

Synthetic fabric

Terminology

Manufacturing

Preservation

Weaving

Yarn