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Note: Many of these mnemonics are decades old. I hope no one is offended by any of them.
Mnemonics
Mnemonics - Anatomy
Addison's Disease
"CAGE"
1. Have you ever felt it necessary to CUT DOWN on your drinking?
2. Has anyone ever told you they were ANNOYED by your drinking?
3. Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking?
4. Have you ever felt the need to have a drink in the morning for an EYE
OPENER?
"AEIOU TIPS"
Alcohol/drugs
Endocrine
Insulin
Opiates
Uremia
Toxins/trauma
Infections
Psych/porhyria
SAH, shock, stroke, seizure, space occupying lesion
"4 E's"
E ating
E motion
E nvironment
E xercise
Antidysrrthmics
"LARC"
L ocal anesthetics
beta A drenergic blockers
"R efractory period prolongators"
C alcium channel blockers
Argyll-Robertson Pupil
Sign of neurosyphilis
"ARP" - Accommodation Reflex Present, but Pupillary Reflex Absent
("PRA" - "ARP" backwards).
Asystole
Hyperkalemia
Hyper H+ (acidosis)
Hyper Rx (drugs)
Atherosclerosis
Risk factors
Constitutional
G enetic
A ge
S ex
Major
Hyper- tension
Hyper- lipidemia
Hyper- glycemia
smoking
Minor
S edentary lifestyle
O besity
S tress
Complications
S tenosis
T hromosis
A neurysm
B leeding
B Vitamins
Cancer
"CHB Limbss"
C ough - unexplained, persistent
H oarseness
B owel or Bladder - change in habits
L ump
I ndigestion
M elanoma
B leeding or discharge - unusual
S ore - that does not heal
S wallowing - difficulty
"ABCDE"
A symmetry
B order irregular
C olour irregular
D iameter > 0.5 cm
E levation
MEN IIa
"MPH"
M edullary thyroid carcinoma
P heochromocytoma
H yperparathyroidism
MEN IIb
"MPM"
M edullary thyroid carcinoma
P heochromocytoma
M ucosal neuromas
Chest Radiograph
Structures to check
"LAMBS"
L ungs (e.g. interstitial disease, alveolar disease, atelectasis,
nodules, hyperlucency)
A bdomen (e.g. pneumoperitoneum)
M ediastinum (e.g. masses, tracheal shift)
B ones (e.g. fractures, rib notching)
S oft tissues (e.g. subcutaneous emphysema)
CHF Symptoms
"DOPEN"
D OE
O rthopnea
P ND
E dema
N octuria
Childhood Rashes
"SLUD"
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, and Defecation
Coagulation tests
Compartment Syndrome
"5 P’s"
Pain, Passive stretch (induces pain), Pallor, Pulselessness, and
Paresthesias.
Depression
"SIGECAPS"
Sleep (increased/decreased)
Interests/hobbies decreased
Guilt/worthlessness
Energy decreased
Concentration decreased
Appetite (increased/decreased)
Psychomotor movements
Suicidal ideations
Differential Diagnosis
"VINDICATE"
Vascular
Infection
Neoplasm
Drugs
Inflammatory/Idiopathic
Congenital
Autoimmune
Trauma
Endocrine/Metabolic
Drugs that can be given via Endotracheal Tube
"NAVEL"
N arcan
A tropine
V alium
E pinephrine
L idocaine
Elbow Ossification Centers
"Come Rub My Tree Of Love"
C apitellum
R adial head
M edial epicondyle
T rochlea
O lecranon
L ateral epicondyle
These appear at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 years of age, respectively, and
disappear two years later.
Endocarditis
"FAM"
F ever
A nemia
M urmur
Eosinophilia
"NAACP"
N eoplasm
A llergy
A ddison's
C irrhosis, CVD
P arasite (visceral larva migrans), Periarteritis nodosa
"ACID"
Type I A naphylaxis
Type II C ytotoxic-mediated
Type III I mmune-complex
Type IV D elayed hypersensitivity
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
"JARS"
J oints
A bdominal pain
R enal
S kin
Hypercalcemia
"SHAMPOO DIRT"
S arcoidosis
H yperparathypoidism, Hyperthyroidism
A lkali-milk syndrome
M etastases, Myeloma
P aget disease
O steogenesis imperfecta
O steoporosis
vitamin D toxicity
I mmobility
R TA
T hiazides
Hypertension
Condition
Diastolic Systolic
Optimal BP <80 <120
120 -
Normal BP 80 - 84
129
130 -
High normal BP 85 - 89
139
140 -
Stage I hypertension (mild) 90 - 99
159
Stage II hypertension 100 - 160 -
(moderate) 109 179
Stage III hypertension 180 -
110 - 119
(severe) 209
Stage IV hypertension (very
>120 >210
severe)
Isolated systolic
<90 >140
hypertension
"ABCD"
A CE inhibitors
B eta-blockers
C alcium channel blockers
D iuretics (thiazide)
Levels of Consciousness
"AVPU"
A - Alert
V - resonds to Verbal stimuli
P - responds to Painful stimuli
U - Unconscious
Rule of 2's:
Affects 2% of population, 2 inches long, first 2 years of life, 2 feet
proximal to ileocecal valve, 2 types of epithelium: gastric and
pancreatic.
Mediastinal Mass
Anterior
"4 T's"
Thymoma
Teratoma
Thyroid tumor/goiter
Terrible lymphoma
Middle
"HABIT(5)"
Hernia, hematoma
Aneurysm
Bronchogenic cyst/duplication cyst
Inflammation (sarcoid, histo, coccidio, TB)
Tumors (5): lung, lymphoma, leukemia, leiomyoma, lymph
node hyperplasia
Posterior
"ANS"
Aneurysm
Neural
Spine
Metabolic Acidosis
"MUDPILES"
M ethanol
U remia
D KA/AKA
P araldehyde/phenformin
I ron/INH
L actic acidosis
E thylene glycol
S alicylates
"HARDUP"
H yperalimentation/hyperventilation
A cetazolamide
R TA
D iarrhea
U reteral diversion
P ancreatic fistula/parenteral saline
Microcytic Anemia
"TICS"
T hallasemia
I ron deficiency
C hronic disease
S ideroblastic anemia
Mucopolysaccharidoses
"PONS"
P hosgene, paraquat, phenothiazines
O pioids, organophosphates
N itrogen dioxide
S alicylates
"SAD"
S noring
A pnea
D aytime sleepiness
"CASH CML"
C andida
A ureus (staph)
S almonella
H istoplasma
C ytomegalovirus
M ycobacteria
L eptospira
Pain
A - Associated symptoms
O - Onset
P - Palliative factors
P - Provocative factors
Q - Quality of pain(burning, stabbing, aching, etc.)
R - Region of body affected
R - Radiation
S - Severity of pain (e.g. 1-10 scale)
T - Timing of pain (e.g. after meals, in the morning, etc.)
T - Treatments tried
"GET SMASH'D"
G allstones
E thanol
T rauma
S teroids
M umps
A utoimmune (e.g. PAN)
S corpion bites
H yperlipidemia
D rugs(e.g. azathioprine, diuretics)
Causes of Pericarditis
"CARDIAC RIND"
Collagen vascular disease, Aortic aneurysm, Radiation, Drugs eg.
hydralazine, Infections, Acute renal failure, Cardiac infarction, Rheumatic
fever, Injury, Neoplasms, Dressler's syndrome.
Pheochromocytoma
Rule of 10's:
10% malignant
10% bilateral
10% extra-adrenal
10% calcify
10% familial
10% children
Comprises 0.2% of patients with hypertension and is the most common
adrenal medullary tumor in adults. The Pheochromocytomas are
associated with MEN IIa (Sipple's syndrome: pheochromocytoma,
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and parathyroid adenoma) and MEN
IIb syndrome (pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid,
and oral and intestinal ganglioneuromatosis) as well as with von Hippel-
Lindau disease and neurofibromatosis.
Post-op Fever
Wind - atelectasis
Water - urinary tract infection
Wound - wound infections
Wind - pneumonia
Wonder drugs - especially anesthetics
Rat Poisons
"RATS PANIC"
R ed squill
A rsenicals
T hallium
S trychnine
P NU/Phosphorus/Zn Phosphide
A lpha naphtha thiurea (ANTU)
N orbormide
I ndanediones
C oumadin/cholcalciferol
"SHAVIT"
S tone (gallstone ileus)
H ernia
A dhesions
V olvulus
I ntussusception
T umor
Sports Injuries
- in particular, sprains, contusions, muscle strain, fractures.
"RICE"
R est
I ce
C ompression
E levation
Causes of ST Elevation:
"ELEVATION"
E lectrolytes
L BBB
E arly Repolarization
V entricular hypertrophy
A neurysm
T reatment (e.g. pericardiocentesis)
I njury (AMI, contusion)
O sborne waves (hypothermia)
N on-occlusive vasospasm
Syncope
H ypoglycemia, Hypoxia
E pilepsy
A nxiety
D ysfunction of brain stem (e.g. brain stem TIA)
H eart attack
E mbolism (pulmonary)
A ortic obstruction (aortic stenosis, myxoma, IHSS)
R hythm disturbance
T achycardia (esp. VT)
V asovagal
E ctopic (e.g. hemorrhage - obvious or not)
S ituational (micturation, defecation, etc.)
S ubclavian steal
L ow SVR (e.g. anaphalaxis)
S ensitive carotid sinus
Takayasu's Disease
Pulseless disease. Therefore, when you have Takayasu's, I can't "taka yu"
pulse.
Thalassemia major
"Bad mafia"
B - Basophilic stippling
A – Anemia, Anisocytosis
D - Deferoxamine
M – MCV is low
A - HbA is decreased
F - HbF is increased
I – Ineffective erythropoiesis
A – HbA2 is increased
Vertebral/Basilar Ischemia
"4D's"
D izziness (nystagmus)
D iplopia (skew deviation)
D ysarthria
D ysphagia
"A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I"
A cute renal failure
B rain (increased ICP)
C ardiac (inferior MI)
D KA
E ars (labyrinthitis)
F oreign substances (Tylenol, theo, etc.)
G laucoma
H yperemesis gravidarum
I nfections (pyelonephritis, meningitis)
WBC Count