Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling00.20.4M0.60.81M<0End moments and concentrated load – Factor C1

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
SN003b-EN-EU
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This NCCI gives the expression of the elastic critical moment for doubly symmetric crosssections. Values of the factors involved in the calculation are given for common cases. For
a beam under a uniformly distributed load with end moments or a concentrated load at
mid-span with end moments, the values for the factors are given in graphs.
General
2.
Method for doubly symmetric sections
3.
C1 and C2 factors
4.
References
2
2
4
12
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Contents
Page 1

SN003b-EN-EU
16
General
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1.
07
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For doubly symmetric cross-sections, the elastic critical moment Mcr may be calculated by the
method given in paragraph 2.
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For cases not covered by the method given in paragraph 2, the elastic critical moment may be
determined by a buckling analysis of the beam provided that the calculation accounts for all
the parameters liable to affect the value of Mcr :
geometry of the cross-section
warping rigidity
position of the transverse loading with regard to the shear centre
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restraint conditions
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The LTBeam software is specific software for the calculation of the critical moment Mcr. It
may be downloaded free of charge from the following web site:
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http://www.cticm.com
Method for doubly symmetric sections
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2.
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The method given hereafter only applies to uniform straight members for which the crosssection is symmetric about the bending plane.
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The conditions of restraint at each end are at least :
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restrained against lateral movement
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restrained against rotation about the longitudinal axis
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.
The elastic critical moment may be calculated from the following formula derived from the
buckling theory :
2 EI z k I w kL GI t
2

M cr C1
2
C2 zg C2 zg
2
kL k w I z EI z
at
er
is the shear modulus (G = 80770 N/mm2)
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p
is the Young modulus (E = 210000 N/mm2)
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ht
where
ed
(1)
Iz
is the second moment of area about the weak axis
It
is the torsion constant
Iw
is the warping constant

Page 2

SN003b-EN-EU
is the beam length between points which have lateral restraint
16
is the distance between the point of load application and the shear centre.
07
Note : for doubly symmetric sections, the shear centre coincides with the centroid.
/0 3
zg
/2 0
k and kw are effective length factors
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C1 and C2 are coefficients depending on the loading and end restraint conditions (see 3).
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The factor k refers to end rotation on plan. It is analogous to the ratio of the buckling length to
the system length for a compression member. k should be taken as not less than 1,0 unless less
than 1,0 can be justified.
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The factor kw refers to end warping. Unless special provision for warping fixity is made, kw
should be taken as 1,0.
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In the general case zg is positive for loads acting towards the shear centre from their point of
application (Figure 2.1).
zg < 0
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zg > 0
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Point of application of the transverse load
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Figure 2.1
Page 3
16

SN003b-EN-EU
I z
L2
L2GI t
2
C2 zg C2 zg
2
EI z
07
2 EI z I w
(2)
on
M cr C1
/0 3
/2 0
In the common case of normal support conditions at the ends (fork supports), k and kw are
taken equal to 1.
2 EI z
L2
(3)
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I w L2GI t
I z 2 EI z
04
M cr C1
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When the bending moment diagram is linear along a segment of a member delimited by
lateral restraints, or when the transverse load is applied in the shear centre, C2 zg = 0. The
latter expression should be simplified as follows :
i20
For doubly symmetric I-profiles, the warping constant Iw may be calculated as follows :
I h t f
Iw z
4
(4)
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where
is the total depth of the cross-section
tf
is the flange thickness
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C1 and C2 factors
3.1
General
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3.
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.
The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :
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section properties,
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support conditions,
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moment diagram
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It can be demonstrated that the C1 and C2 factors depend on the ratio :

EI w
Co
p
GI t L2
(5)
The values given in this document have been calculated with the assumption that = 0. This
assumption leads to conservative values of C1.
Page 4

SN003b-EN-EU
Member with end moments only
16
3.2
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/2 0
The factor C1 may be determined from Table 3.1 for a member with end moment loading.
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M
-1 +1
Member with end moments
Table 3.1
Values of C1 for end moment loading (for k = 1)
1,31
+0,25
1,52
0,00
1,77
-0,25
2,05
-0,50
2,33
at
+0,50
1,14
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+0,75
to
1,00
ed
+1,00
ns
C1
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.
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Figure 3.1
at
er
-0,75
2,55
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ed
-1,00
2,57
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SN003b-EN-EU
Member with transverse loading
16
3.3
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/2 0
Table 3.2 gives values of C1 and C2 for some cases of a member with transverse loading,
07
Values of factors C1 and C2 for cases with transverse loading (for k = 1)
Loading and support

conditions
Bending moment diagram
C2
1,127
0,454
2,578
1,554
1,348
0,630
1,683
1,645
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C1
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Table 3.2
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Note : the critical moment Mcr is calculated for the section with the maximal moment along the member
Member with end moments and transverse loading
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3.4
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For combined loading of end moments and transverse loads as shown in Figure 3.2, values of
C1 and C2 may be obtained from the curves given hereafter. Two cases are considered:
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ial
.
Case a) end moments with a uniformly distributed load

Case b) end moments with a concentrated load at mid-span
is the ratio of end moments. By definition, M is the maximum end moment, and so :
ht
ed
The moment distribution may be defined using two parameters :
is the ratio of the moment due to transverse load to the maximum end moment M
Co
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-1 1 ( = 1 for a uniform moment)
Case a)
qL2
8M
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SN003b-EN-EU
16
FL
4M
/2 0
Case b)
/0 3
Sign convention for :
if M and the transverse load (q or F), each supposed acting alone, bend the
beam in the same direction (e.g. as shown in the figure below)
<0
otherwise
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>0
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The values of C1 and C2 have been determined for k = 1 and kw = 1.
L
(b)
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L
(a)
End moments with a transverse load
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Figure 3.2
Page 7
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SN003b-EN-EU
/2 0
3.0
/0 3
C1
on
07
2.5
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2.0
1.5
0,1
0,2
0,3
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1.4
0,4
0,5
0,6
1.3
0,7
04
0,8
1
1,2
2
1,5
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1.2
am
1.1
1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
ha
>0
to
at
i_r
-1
5.0
C1
-1,1
ed
-1
-0,9
ns
4.5
-0,8
Li
ce
4.0
3.5
-0,6
-0,5
ial
.
3.0
-0,7
-0,4
-0,3
2.0
-1,3
-1,4
-0,1
-1,5
-1,6
-1,7
-1,8
1.5
-1,2
-0,2
at
er
2.5
ed
1.0
-1
-0.8
-2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
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Figure 3.3
0.2
0.4
M
0.6
0.8
<0
End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C1
Page 8
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SN003b-EN-EU
/2 0
0.5
/0 3
C2
0.4
07
on
1,5
1,2
0.3
0,9
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0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0.2
0,4
0,3
0,2
0.1
ya
0,1
0.0
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
>0
i_r
0.8
am
0.6
04
-0.8
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-1
at
2.5
C2
ha
-1,2
-1,1
to
2.0
ed
1.5
-1,4
-0,9
-1,6
-1,3
ns
-0,8
-1,8
-2
at
er
0.0
-0.8
-0.6
yr
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ht
ed
-1
Co
p
Figure 3.4
-0,7
-0,6
-0,5
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.
0.5
-1,5
-1,7
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ce
1.0
-1
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
<0
End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C2
Page 9
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SN003b-EN-EU
/2 0
3.0
/0 3
C1
on
07
2.5
ho
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m
2.0
1.5
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
ya
0,6
1.4
0,7
0,8
1.3
04
2
1,5
0,9
1
1.0
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.6
0.8
to
>0
0.4
ed
0,1
ha
at
-0.8
-1
0,2
i_r
1.1
am
1.2
i20
1,2
ns
4.0
Li
ce
C1
3.5
3.0
-1,1
-1,2
-1
-0,9
-0,8
ial
.
-0,7
-0,5
at
er
2.5
-0,6
-1,3
-1,4
-0,3
-1,5
-0,2
-1,6
-0,1
2.0
-0,4
-1,7
-1,8
ed
-2
yr
ig
ht
1.5
1.0
Co
p
-1
Figure 3.5
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
M
M
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
<0
End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C1
Page 10
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SN003b-EN-EU
C2
/2 0
0.5
/0 3
0.4
07
1,5
1,2
0.3
on
1
0,9
0,8
0,7
ho
o.
co
m
0,6
0,5
0.2
0,4
0,3
0,2
0.1
ya
0,1
0.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
i_r
am
>0
0.8
i20
0.6
04
-1
at
2.5
ha
C2
to
2.0
-1,4
-1,6
-1,3
-1,8
-1,5
-1,7
ed
1.5
-1,2
-2
ns
-0,9
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ce
1.0
-0,8
-0,7
-0,6
at
er
ial
.
0.5
0.0
-0.8
yr
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ht
ed
-0.6
-1
Co
p
Figure 3.6
-1,1
-1
-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
<0
End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C2
Page 11

SN003b-EN-EU
16
ENV 1993-1-1
/0 3
References
/2 0
4.
Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J. M.
on
07
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures Part 1.1 : General rules and rules for buildings.
European Committee for Standardisation.
ho
o.
co
m
Theory of elastic stability. 2nd Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. 1961.
Djalaly, H.
Calcul de la rsistance ultime au dversement dans le cas de la flexion dvie. Revue

Construction Mtallique n3-1974. CTICM.
Gala, Y.
ya
Co
p
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ed
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ial
.
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Dversement lastique dune poutre section bi-symtrique soumise des moments dextrmit
et une charge repartee ou concentre. Revue Construction Mtallique n2-2002. CTICM.
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SN003b-EN-EU
/0 3
/2 0
16
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
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on
Reference(s)
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ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Company
Created by
Alain Bureau
CTICM
Technical content checked by
Yvan Gala
CTICM
Editorial content checked by
D C Iles
SCI
ya
Name
2/3/05
2. France
A Bureau
3. Sweden
A Olsson
4. Germany
C Mueller
5. Spain
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i_r
at
Resource approved by Technical

Coordinator
i20
G W Owens
am
1. UK
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Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
Date
1/3/05
CTICM
1/3/05
SBI
1/3/05
RWTH
1/3/05
Labein
1/3/05
SCI
21/4/06
to
ha
G W Owens
SCI
ed
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
ns
This Translation made and checked by:
Li
ce
Translated resource approved by:
Co
p
yr
ig
ht
ed
at
er
ial
.
Corrigendum 2010-10-12: Figure 3.4 Labels corrected (for curves 1.1 to 1.9)
Page 13
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SN003b-EN-EU
/0 3
on
Series
07
Title*
/2 0
Wrapper Information
This NCCI gives the expression of the elastic critical moment for doubly symmetric crosssections. Values of the factors involved in the calculation are given for common cases. For a
beam under a uniformly distributed load with end moments or a concentrat
Access Level*
Expertise
Identifiers*
Filename
ho
o.
co
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Description*
ya
P:\CMP\CMP554\Finalization\SN files\003\SN003b-EN-EU.doc
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Microsoft Office Word; 14 Pages; 1400kb;

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Multi-storey buildings;
Dates
Created Date
12/10/2010
Last Modified Date

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Valid To
03/02/2005
Alain Bureau, CTICM

Yvan Gala, CTICM
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ed
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i_r
at
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to
Language(s)*
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Subject*
Lateral Torsional Buckling
See Also
Eurocode Reference
at
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ial
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Discussion
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Page 14

Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling00.20.4M0.60.81M<0End moments and concentrated load – Factor C1

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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Method for doubly symmetric sections

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

position of the transverse loading with regard to the shear centre

Method for doubly symmetric sections

The conditions of restraint at each end are at least :

restrained against lateral movement

restrained against rotation about the longitudinal axis

is the shear modulus (G = 80770 N/mm2)

is the Young modulus (E = 210000 N/mm2)

is the second moment of area about the weak axis

is the torsion constant

is the warping constant

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

is the beam length between points which have lateral restraint

k and kw are effective length factors

Point of application of the transverse load

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

is the flange thickness

The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :

It can be demonstrated that the C1 and C2 factors depend on the ratio :

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Member with end moments only

Member with end moments

Values of C1 for end moment loading (for k = 1)

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Member with transverse loading

Values of factors C1 and C2 for cases with transverse loading (for k = 1)

Loading and support

Bending moment diagram

Member with end moments and transverse loading

Case a) end moments with a uniformly distributed load

The moment distribution may be defined using two parameters :

-1 1 ( = 1 for a uniform moment)

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Sign convention for :

The values of C1 and C2 have been determined for k = 1 and kw = 1.

End moments with a transverse load

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C1

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

End moments and uniformly distributed load Factor C2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

End moments and point load at mid-span Factor C2

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Timoshenko, S.P. and Gere, J. M.

Theory of elastic stability. 2nd Edition. Mc Graw-Hill. 1961.

Calcul de la rsistance ultime au dversement dans le cas de la flexion dvie. Revue

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Technical content checked by

Editorial content checked by

Resource approved by Technical

Technical content endorsed by the

This Translation made and checked by:

Translated resource approved by:

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling

Microsoft Office Word; 14 Pages; 1400kb;

Last Modified Date

Alain Bureau, CTICM