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The proposed project is a follow on project of Hydrology Project Phase-I. During H.P.-I
an integrated Hydrological Information System providing reliable, comprehensive and
timely hydrological and meteorological data was established. The project will strengthen
the existing hydrological data institutions by upgrading hardware and software
capabilities. It will raise awareness among data users and general public by disseminating
and sharing knowledge on hydrological information. The project proposes to develop
standardized hydrological design aids in surface water, ground water planning, reservoir
operation, irrigation management drought monitoring and management and conjunctive
use of Surface and Ground Water. The Project will assist purpose driven studies to
develop feasible and cost effective driven studies to water management issues, which
could be replicated. The project will implement capacity building programs for the
personnel of implementing Agencies including National and International trainings and
study tours.

Hydrology Project Phase-II, a follow-up of Hydrology Project Phase-I (HP-1) is being

implemented by the Surface Water and Ground Water departments in 13 States,
including 9 States of hydrology project I. Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra,
Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, and Tamilnadu and 4 new
States - Himachal Pradesh, Goa, Pondicherry and Punjab. In addition, 8 Central
Agencies²Ministry of Water Resources Central Water Commission (CWC); Central
Ground Water Board (CGWB); National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Central Water
and Power Research Station (CWPRS), India Meteorological Department (IMD), Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB), and Bhakra²Beas Management Board (BBMB), are
also participating in HP-II.

The main aim of HP-II are to extend and promote sustained and effective use of
Hydrological Information System (HIS) by all potential users concerned with water
resources planning and management, both in public and private, thereby investments in
improved productivity and cost effectiveness of water related investments in the 13 States
and 8 Central Implementing Agencies (IAs). The implementation of the project has three
main components:

Oc Institutional strengthening, covering all 13 states and 8 central agencies. That is

consisting of consolidation of recently concluded Hydrology Project (HP I)
activities in the existing States; Awareness raising, dissemination and knowledge
sharing; and implementation support.
 Oc ertical extension, covering the 9 states and 6 central agencies of HP-I which
comprising development of hydrological design aids; development of decision
support systems; and implementation of purpose-driven studies.
Oc Horizontal expansion, covering the 4 new states and 2 new central agencies.
supporting upgrading/establishment of data collection network; establishment of
data processing and management systems; purpose-driven studies and training.



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c Making water available for irrigation and domestic water supply during the
summer season.
c Estimation of inflows into the reservoirs.
c Improving the ground water availability in the semi critical blocks.
c Drought management in years of below normal monsoon rainfall.Identify
problematic areas with reference to each problem.
c To strengthen network stations for monitoring micro level changes in water
level and water quality.
c To study the harmful effect of commercial exploitation of groundwater on
aquifer system and suggest remedial measures.
c Indentify areas suitable for infiltration galleries in the city to recharge the
aquifer.
c To identify future water resource infrastructure needs and develop plans to
address them.
c To formulate best fit groundwater wage model for the city environment.
c Assessing the cumulative effects of management actions to minimize the
impacts of urbanization on tanks.
c Provide baseline geologic and geohydrologic information for a typical
crystalline rock aquifer setting in Bangalore.
c To create rapid awareness among different water users.

The main objective of the Hydrology Project was to develop comprehensive, easily
accessible and user friendly databases covering all aspects of Hydrological Cycle,
including surface water and ground water in terms of quantity and quality and climatic
measurements, particularly of rainfall involving complex web of inter-state and intra-
governmental relationship. This is assisting in development of more reliable spatially
intensive data on water resources. The project further aimed at making the hydrological
information available for planning and management of water resources and other
legitimate uses and promoting its utilisation. Achievement of these goals involved
improvement of institutional and organisational arrangements, technical capabilities, and
physical facilities available for collection, processing and dissemination of hydrological
and hydrometeorological information. The ultimate aim of the project was to deliver a
functional demand driven Hydrological Information System (HIS) with improved
institutional capacity to build, operate and utilise HIS to the benefit of the different user
groups and to encourage cooperation among the different participating agencies through
data exchange. The development of the databases would support major aspects of India's
Water Policy, particularly with regards to water allocation and planning and management
of water resources development at the National, State, Basin and Project level.

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mc Digital water level recorders in observation walls.

mc Sophisticated data centre
mc River gauging sites
mc Cutting edge computer system with dedicated software
mc ull climatic condition
mc 6evel II + water testing laboratotry.

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Hydrology project aced with a sudden flush of the most sophisticated and latest
technologies, processes and systems in the groundwater regime, the only way to prepare
the officers for handling these equipment and processes was to subject them to well
planned and intensive training. The training courses and training calendar worked out by
M/s. DH Consultants were very useful, in the skill upgradation task very rigorously
pursued by the Department, in view of its extreme importance in the ultimate success of
the project. The importance given to training activity in the SAR also guided us into
attaching due attention to this component.
Hydrology Project officers of the Department have been able to undergo training starting
from the very basic of computer course to operating of sophisticated software such as
Geological Information System software. Training to operate and maintain sophisticated
equipment such as Digital Water 6evel Recorders, lab equipment such as U vis
Spectrophotometer, Gas Chromatograph, Total Organic Carbon, equipment of the ull
Climatic Station etc. have made the officers fully competent to handle the sophisticated
equipments. In improving technical functionality, one of the very important concepts that
has been introduced through Hydrology Project is that of Help Desk. The Help Desk set
up at regional and state levels were found to be extremely useful in ensuring smooth
functioning of the Project activities, with timely guidance and assistance. or the
implementation of Technical / Engineering Education Quality Improvement Project an
agreement was signed on ebruary, 2003 between the International Development
Association (IDA) and State of Himachal Pradesh . The project aimed at Quality
Improvement of Technical Education which includes institutional developments and
system management capacity improvement. The total cost of the project is Rs. 631.84
crore and the project was started in March, 2003. Under this project, 90% of the total cost
will be received as external assistance and 10% will be borne by the State Govt. as State
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Hydrology Project Phase ±II has been taken up with the assistance of International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).c The duration of the Hydrology Project,
Phase-II will be of 6 years and is estimated to cost Rs.631.83 crore supported with a loan
of 104.98 million US dollars from IBRD (World Bank).cWorld Bank procurement policy
and procedures are based on principles of good public procurement. The loan agreement
had specified the various procurement methods to be followed by the Implementing
Agencies. The individual threshold limits for the procurement methods had also been
specified in the 6oan Agreement .c The World Bank has published set of guidelines for
³Procurement under IBRD 6oans & IDA Credits, May 2004´ and revised October 2006
and ³Selection and employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers, May
2004´and revised October 2006 . These guidelines have been taken in to account for
preparation of this manual. These guidelines are further complemented by detailed
provisions for their application in this manual. All IAs are invariably need to follow the
various procedures contemplated in this manual in order to enable them to procure
µWorks¶, µGoods¶ and µConsultant Services¶ in conformity with these guidelines.
Adoption of these procedures may ultimately result in efficient procurement.
The World Bank Aided Hydrology Project-II has been started with a total cost of Rs.
631.83 lakh for six years. Under this project about 90% of the total project cost will be
received as an external assistance whereas the rest 10% will be borne by the State Govt.
as State share. The project is being implemented by the I & PH Department. The project
envisages measuring/monitoring of surface water, ground water by means of making
provision of permanent gauging station and water quality laboratory.
The State Government however needs to shift focus to structural / sectoral reforms and
infrastructure development related proposals for posing to the donor agencies. This is so
because the Government of India has now decided to avail financial assistance from the
limited bilateral agencies. The multilateral donor agencies like World Bank has also now
taken a divergent view on the flow of financial assistance to the developing nations.
World Bank has now restricted the flow of financial assistance to
(i)c structural reforms related proposals and
(ii)c (ii) proposals related to infrastructure development. All this has made
availability of external assistance goal specific and made it imperative on the
part of the State Government to make proposals with specific goals which meet
conditionalities of the donors agencies.
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The challenge is how to manage this finite resource, today and in the future. Given that
fresh water resources are very often shared by more than one country within a region,
international and national action at all levels will be needed to improve access in those
regions lacking water and to improve the efficient use in those regions that have water
today, so that these supplies can be sustained for future generations. Key to sustainable
management of water resources is having the knowledge needed to make the right
decisions. Isotope hydrology is a nuclear technique that uses both stable and radioactive
environmental isotopes to trace the movements of water in the hydrological cycle.
Isotopes can be used to investigate underground sources of water to determine their
source, how they are recharged, whether they are at risk of saltwater intrusion or
pollution, and whether they can be used in a sustainable manner.
Another challenge is to better determine how model parameters can best be determined
directly from observations of surface characteristics. or instance, in the IC model, soil
moisture capacity is parameterized using a two-parameter probability distribution, where
one parameter represents the spatially averaged soil moisture storage capacity, and the
other is related to its spatial variability. Some success has been experienced in estimation
of the spatial average moisture storage from soil maps or their equivalent, but the spatial
variability parameter is harder to estimate, and in practice has usually been estimated
using a calibration procedure. To the extent that model parameters can be estimated
without the need to resort to calibration, greater confidence in the physical realism of the
model, and its transferability, will result.

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The hydrological cycle is being modified quantitatively andqualitatively in most of the
river basins of our country as a result of the developmental activities such as construction
of dams and reservoirs, land use change, irrigation, etc. Such human activities affecting
the hydrological regime can be classified into four major groups:
(i) activities which affect river runoff by diverting water from rivers, lakes,and reservoirs
or by groundwater extraction,
(ii)activities modifying the river channels, e.g. construction of reservoirs and ponds,
levees and river training, channel dredging, etc.
(iii)activities due to which runoff and other water balance components are modified due
to impacts of basin surface e.g. agricultural practices, drainage of swamps,
afforestation or deforestation, urbanization, etc. and
(iv)activities which may induce climate changes at regional or global scale, e.g.
modifying the composition of atmosphere by increasing the µgreenhouse¶ gases or by
increased evaporation caused by large scale water projects. or understanding the
effects appropriately, hydrological modelling approaches have to be adopted.
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The demand or water use reduction measures conserve the existing limited water supply
through the practices which require less water and reduce wastage and misuse of
water.These measures are directed towards making the existing inadequate supply,
whatever it may be, serve water users as effectively as possible and a balance between
supply and demand is achieved. Thus the fundamental nature of these measures is their
effectiveness in accomplishing a temporary allocation of the limited supply in a manner
which serves the users to bridge the gap between supply and demand. The various
techniques used for the purpose are based either on giving economic incentives or
penalties or involve rationing, legal sanctions and various other types of social or political
pressures. These may be based on strategies that include legal restrictions, economic
incentive sand issuance of public appeals. conservation and reuse requirements from the
beginning. Studies are required to develop production functions relating industrial
policies to
(i)c Availability of resource inputs like water, energy, etc.
(ii)c Technology of production,
(iii)c Waste water discharge constraint, etc. for devising measuresof reducing water
demands in the industry.
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6arge canal infrastructure network for providing irrigation has been the prime goal of the
Government of India, since the first five-year plan, which continued up to sevent five-
year plan. In some of the irrigation project commands such as Sarda Sahayak in UP,
Gandak in Bihar, Chambal in Rajasthan, Nagarjuna Sagar in Andhra Pradesh,
Ghataprabha economy in the use of water. Prices of water for all uses should be fixed,
keeping in mind its economic value, control of wastage, and the ability of users to pay.
As water is becoming scarcer, pricing will be an important factor in avoiding wastage and
ensuring optimal use.

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Among all natural disasters, floods are the most frequent to be faced in India. loods in
the eastern part of India, viz.Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh in the recent
past, are striking examples. According to the information published by different
government agencies, the tangible and intangible losses due to floods in India are
increasing at alarming rate. As reported by the Central Water Commission (CWC) under
the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, the annual average area affected
by floods is 7.563 Mha. So government has taken necessary step for protecting from
these natural calamities.

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Hydrology Project has been instrumental in ushering into India, the latest technologies
available with the most advanced countries in the world, as well as, their implementation,
methodology and systemization of processes for a well planned, total water management
system. One of the most invaluable contributions is the main Project Development
Objective viz. facilitate improved decision making for water related investment and
operational decisions through creation of a reliable, and well structured Hydrological
Information System .Before introduction of the Hydrology Project there was no proper
database and there was no monitoring of the deeper aquifers. Scattered data available on
the phreatic aquifer were not reliable and not properly accounted. Prior to the Hydrology
Project, the normal working of our Departments were centered on short-term planning,
µsymptomatic cures¶ for routine problems and µfire-fighting¶ techniques to solve specific
problems. Elimination of a problem from its µtoot¶ was rarely attempted and never a
priority. This mainly, due to the difficulties faced in convincing the administration of
requirement of a long term planning because of the financial outlay required, in the
background of financial crunch faced by all Government .

A very great contribution is the Project being able to make the authorities aware of the
importance of adopting long term planning and the indispensability of imbibing latest
available technology and systems to tackle the ever-increasing demand and quality issues
for water, in a systematic, optimal and efficient manner. The ingenious decision to
implement Hydrology Project in many states simultaneously has resulted in fostering a
spirit of healthy competition, among the implementers as well as the Governments so as
to achieve maximum benefits for their people.or financing Hydrology Project the World
Bank has made the whole process of funding the very important service expected from all
Government, viz. meet water requirements of its subject, more palatable to the
administrations. By its suo-moto framing of guidelines (in the SAR) for the successful
implementing of the Hydrology Project, it has shown its commitment of ensuring
successful implementation of the Projects funded by it.c

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