1.

INTRODUCTION
Thelatest computer craze has been to beable to wear wireless computers. The
ComputerFashionWave,"DigitalJewelry"lookstobethenextsizzlingfashiontrendofthe
technological wave. The combination of shrinking computer devices and increasing
computerpowerhasallowedseveralcompaniestobeginproducingfashionjewelrywith
embeddedintelligence.Todaysmanufacturersplacemillionsoftransistorsonamicrochip,
whichcanbeusedtomakesmalldevicesthatstoretonsofdigitaldata.Thewholeconcept
behindthisistobeabletocommunicatetoothersbymeansofwirelessappliances.The
otherkeyfactorofthisconceptmarketistostayfashionableatthesametime.
As computing and technology become more ubiquitous in their conception, there is
evidencethatdesignersarelookingformethodsofbridgingtechnologywiththehumanform
(corporateexamplesincludeIBM,PhilipsandNike).Thetechnologyofthelargecorporate
companiesisabout massproducedchangesinourpersonal experienceof the world.Mass
production is by its nature detrimental to intimacy and the sense of individual experience.
Jewelryisaboutanintimaterelationshipbetweenanindividualandanobject,andoftenformsa
linkintherelationshipbetweenonepersonandanother.Thispaperilluminatesthecontribution
that contemporary jewelry design can make to the design and conception of digital
communicationdevices,illustratingacreativemethodologyforcreatingnewobjectsembodying
technology.ThemethodactstobridgetheareasofHCI,contemporaryjewelryandotherdesign
disciplines.ThisresearchisnotaboutinventingnewmobilephonesorPDAs,whicharewornin
anovelwayonthebody,butisaboutthedesignandapplicationofwearabledigitaltechnology
usingthemethodsandperspectiveofaContemporaryJeweler.Theresultsincludeanewmodel
and perspective for viewing objects, in particular wearable objects involving computer
technologies.Thispaperhassignificancebothdirectlywithindesignandcraftaswellaswider
implicationsoutsideofthisfield.

Bytheendofthedecade,wecouldbewearingourcomputersinsteadofsittinginfrontof
them.

1.1scope
Thisseminarisaboutthedesignandapplicationofdigitaljewelrywhichwillbe
implementedverysoonintherealworld.Throughdevelopingthepiecesandcritiquing

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existingformsofinformationandcommunicationdevicesIbecameawarethattheissues

raisedbythepotentialintegrationofdigitaltechnologiesandjewelrywereconsiderable.
There has been a radical shift in our relationships with, and experiences of, digital
technologiesduringthelastsixtyyears.Developmentsofbodyfocuseddigitalobjectshave
fundamentally altered our relationship with digital technologies, both physically and
emotionally.

1.2Purpose
Theadventofdigitaljewelryhasrevolutionizedthejewelrybusinessbymakingit
morethanjustafashionaccessory,andinthenearfuturewecouldallbewearingitasa
vitalmeansofcommunication.Mobilephonesmayhavereducedinsizeovertheyears,due
toshrinkingcomputerdevicesandamajorincreaseincomputerpower,butdigitaljewelry
willenableyoutogoonestepfurtherbyadorningyourbodywithaselectionofcompatible
mobilecomponentsthatwillworktogetheraswellasanymobilephone,andlookstylishat
thesametime.

1.3WhatIsDigitalJewelry?
Digitaljewelryisthefashionjewelrywithembeddedintelligence.Digitaljewelry
can help you solve problems like forgotten passwords and security badges. Digital
jewelryisanascentcatchphraseforwearableIDdevicesthatcontainpersonalinformation
likepasswords,identification,andaccountinformation.Theyhavethepotentialtobeallin
onereplacementsforyourdriverslicense,keychain,businesscards,creditcards,health
insurancecard,corporatesecuritybadge,andloosecash.Theycanalsosolveacommon
dilemmaoftodayswiredworldtheforgottenpassword.

1.4DigitalJewelryandItsComponents
Soon,cellphoneswilltakeatotallynewform,appearingtohavenoformatall.
Insteadofonesingledevice,cellphoneswillbebrokenupintotheirbasiccomponentsand
packagedasvariouspiecesofdigitaljewelry.Eachpieceofjewelrywillcontainafraction
ofthecomponentsfoundinaconventionalmobilephone.Together,thedigitaljewelrycell

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phoneshouldworkjustlikeaconventionalcellphone.
Thevariouscomponentsthatareinsideacellphone:
Microphone,Receiver,Touchpad,Display,Circuitboard,Antenna,andBattery.
IBMhasdevelopedaprototypeofacellphonethatconsistsofseveralpiecesof
digital jewelry that will work together wirelessly, possibly with Blue tooth wireless
technology,toperformthefunctionsoftheabovecomponents{1}.

Figure1.1:cellphonesmayonedaycomprisedofdigitalaccessoriesthatwork
Togetherthroughwirelessconnections
Herearethepiecesofcomputerizedjewelryphoneandtheirfunctions:
EarringsSpeakersembeddedintotheseearringswillbethephone'sreceiver.

Figure1.2:SpeakersEmbeddedIntoEarnings
ThesedaysmanymanufacturersaredevelopingthingslikeBluetoothdevicesinthe

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formofpendantsorearringsthatpeoplecanwearthathelpenhancetheirmobilephones,
computersPDAs,basicallyanythingthatusessimilarTechnology.

NecklaceUserswilltalkintothenecklace'sembeddedmicrophone

Figure1.3:MicrophoneEmbeddedNecklace
Necklacetransfertheinformationintheformsofsignals.Itworkswiththehelpof
sensorswhichisembeddedinit.Itismainlybybluetoothtechnology.
RingPerhapsthemostinterestingpieceofthephone,this"magicdecoderringis
equippedwithlightemittingdiodes(LEDs)thatflashtoindicateanincomingcall.It
can also be programmed to flash different colors to identify a particular caller or
indicatetheimportanceofacall.
Twoofthemostidentifiablecomponentsofapersonalcomputerarethemouseand
monitor.Thesedevicesareasfamiliartoustodayasatelevisionset.However,inthenext
decade,wecouldwitnessthedisappearanceofthesedevices,atleastintheircurrentform.
Severalcompanies,includingIBMandCharmedTechnology,areworkingonways
tocreateaheadmounteddisplay.IBMisalsoworkingtoshrinkthecomputermousetothe
sizeofaringandcreateawristworndisplay.

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Figure1.4:IBM'smagicdecoderringswillflashwhenyougetacall.
Thesameringthatflashesforphonecallscouldalsoinformyouthatemailispiling
upinyourinbox.Thisflashingalertcouldalsoindicatetheurgencyoftheemail.
The mousering that IBM is developing will use the company's Track Point
technologytowirelesslymovethecursoronacomputermonitordisplay.(TrackPointis
the little button embedded in the keyboard of some laptops). IBM Researchers have
transferredTrackPointtechnologytoaring,whichlookssomethinglikeablackpearlring.
Ontopoftheringisalittleblackballthatuserswillswiveltomovethecursor,inthesame
waythattheTrackPointbuttononalaptopisused.
ThisTrackPointringwillbeveryvaluablewhenmonitorsshrinktothesizeofwatch
face.Inthecomingageofubiquitouscomputing,displayswillnolongerbetiedtodesktopsor
wallscreens.Instead,you'llwearthedisplaylikeapairofsunglassesorabracelet.Researchers
areovercomingseveralobstaclesfacingthesenewwearabledisplays,themostimportantof
whichisthereadabilityofinformationdisplayedonthesetinydevices.
BraceletEquippedwithavideographicsarray(VGA)display,thiswristdisplaycould
alsobeusedasacalleridentifierthatflashesthenameandphonenumberofthecaller.

Figure1.5:(a)BluetoothBraceletbuiltinrechargeablebattery,whenacallis

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comingthebraceletwillvibrateandlampflash(b)Prototypebraceletdisplay
developedbyIBM
Withajewelryphone,thekeypadanddialingfunctioncouldbeintegratedintothe
bracelet,orelsedumpedaltogetherit'slikelythatvoicerecognitionsoftwarewillbeused
tomakecalls,acapabilitythatisalreadycommonplaceinmanyoftoday'scellphones.

Simplysaythenameofthepersonyouwanttocallandthephonewilldialthatperson.
IBMisalsoworkingonaminiaturerechargeablebatterytopowerthesecomponents.

1.5CharmedCommunicatorsEyepiece
CharmedTechnologyisalreadymarketingitsdigitaljewelry,includingafuturistic
lookingeyepiecedisplay.

Figure1.6:Theeyepieceabovedisplaysimagesanddatareceivedwirelesslyfromthe

communicatorsbeltmodule

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2.LITERATURESURVEY
Wirelesscommunicationsis,byanymeasure,thefastestgrowingsegmentofthe
communications industry. As such, it has captured the attention of the media and the
imaginationofthepublic.Cellularsystemshaveexperiencedexponentialgrowthoverthe
lastdecadeandtherearecurrentlyaroundtwobillionusersworldwide.Indeed,cellular
phoneshavebecomeacriticalbusinesstoolandpartofeverydaylifeinmostdeveloped
countries,andarerapidlysupplantingantiquatedwirelinesystemsinmanydeveloping
countries.Inaddition,wirelesslocalareanetworkscurrentlysupplementorreplacewired
networks in manyhomes, businesses,and campuses. Many newapplications, including
wirelesssensornetworks,automatedhighwaysandfactories,smarthomesandappliances,
andremotetelemedicine,areemergingfromresearchideastoconcretesystems.

2.1HistoryofWirelessCommunications
ThefirstwirelessnetworksweredevelopedinthePreindustrialage.Thesesystems
transmittedinformationoverlineofsightdistances(laterextendedbytelescopes)usingsmoke
signals,torchsignaling,flashingmirrors,signalflares,orsemaphoreflags.Anelaboratesetof
signal combinations was developed to convey complex messages with these rudimentary
signals.Observationstationswerebuiltonhilltopsandalongroadstorelaythesemessagesover
large distances. These early communication networks were replaced first by the telegraph
network(inventedbySamuelMorsein1838)andlaterbythetelephone.In1895,afewdecades
afterthetelephonewasinvented,Marconidemonstratedthefirstradiotransmissionfromthe
Isle of Wight to a tugboat 18 miles away, and radio communications was born. The first
networkbasedonpacketradio,ALOHANET,wasdevelopedattheUniversityofHawaiiin
1971.Thisnetworkenabledcomputersitesatsevencampusesspreadoutoverfourislandsto
communicatewithacentralcomputeronOahuviaradiotransmission.Thenetworkarchitecture

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usedastartopologywiththecentralcomputeratitshub.TheU.S.militarywasextremely
interested in the combination of packet data and broadcast radio inherent to ALOHANET.
Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA)investedsignificantresourcestodevelopnetworksusingpacketradiosfortactical
communicationsinthebattlefield.Packetradionetworksalsofoundcommercialapplicationin
supportingwideareawirelessdataservices.Theseservices,firstintroducedintheearly1990s,
enablewirelessdataaccess

(includingemail,filetransfer,andwebbrowsing)atfairlylowspeeds,ontheorderof20
Kbps.Astrongmarketforthesewideareawirelessdataservicesneverreallymaterialized,
duemainlytotheirlowdatarates,highcost,andlackofkillerapplications.Theseservices
mostlydisappearedinthe1990s,supplantedbythewirelessdatacapabilitiesofcellular
telephonesandwirelesslocalareanetworks(LANs).TheintroductionofwiredEthernet
technology in the 1970s steered many commercial companies away from radiobased
networking.

2.2WirelessVision
Thevisionofwirelesscommunicationssupportinginformationexchangebetween
peopleordevicesisthecommunicationsfrontierofthenextfewdecades,andmuchofit
already exists in some form. This vision will allow multimedia communication from
anywhereintheworldusingasmallhandhelddeviceorlaptop.Wirelessnetworkswill
connect palmtop,laptop,anddesktop computers anywhere withinan office building or
campus,aswellasfromthecornercafe.Inthehomethesenetworkswillenableanewclass
ofintelligentelectronicdevicesthatcaninteractwitheachotherandwiththeInternetin
addition to providing connectivity between computers, phones, and security/monitoring
systems.Suchsmart homescanalsohelptheelderlyanddisabledwithassistedliving,
patient monitoring, and emergency response. Wireless entertainment will permeate the
homeandanyplacethatpeoplecongregate.Videoteleconferencingwilltakeplacebetween
buildingsthatareblocksorcontinentsapart,andtheseconferencescanincludetravelersas
well,fromthesalespersonwhomissedhisplaneconnectiontotheCEOoffsailinginthe
Caribbean.Wirelessvideowillenableremoteclassrooms,remotetrainingfacilities,and
remotehospitalsanywhereintheworld.Wirelesssensorshaveanenormousrangeofboth

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commercialandmilitaryapplications.

2.3LowCostLowPowerRadios:BluetoothandZigbee
Asradiosdecreasetheircostandpowerconsumption,itbecomesfeasibletoembed
theminmoretypesofelectronicdevices,whichcanbeusedtocreatesmarthomes,sensor
networks,andothercompellingapplications.Tworadioshaveemergedtosupportthistrend:
Bluetooth and Zigbee. Bluetooth radios provide short range connections between wireless
devicesalongwithrudimentarynetworkingcapabilities.TheBluetoothstandardisbasedona
tinymicrochipincorporatingaradiotransceiverthatisbuiltintodigitaldevices.Thetransceiver
takes the place of aconnecting cable for devices such as cell phones, laptopand palmtop

computers,portableprintersandprojectors,andnetworkaccesspoints.Bluetoothismainly
forshortrangecommunications,e.g.fromalaptoptoanearbyprinterorfromacellphone
toawirelessheadset.Itsnormalrangeofoperationis10m(at1mwtransmitpower),and
thisrangecanbeincreasedto100mbyincreasingthetransmitpowerto100mw.The
system operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz frequency band. The Bluetooth standard is
namedafterHaraldIBluetooth,thekingofDenmarkbetween940and985ADwhounited
DenmarkandNorway.

2.4JewelryasCommunication
When designing devices that enable communication between individuals using
technology,thesignificanceofhowthedevicerelatestotheuserasanindividual,rather
thanamemberofacollective,isofgreatimportance.Thispaperdrawsonpracticecentered
researchintotheintegrationofdigitaltechnologieswithincontemporaryjewelryandfocuses
onopposingnotionsofjewelryandthegadgetwithintheconceptionanddesignofwearable
digitalcommunicationdevices.
Thedesiretomakethehumanformthelocusfordigitaldevicesisincreasingly
evidentintheproposalsanddevelopmentsofdigitaldevicedesigners.Thismotivationis
oftentechnologyledasaresultoftheincreasingubiquitousandminiaturizednatureof
computingandtechnology.However,thebody,asasiteforinteractivedevices,hasmuch
widerpossibilities.ThispaperexploresthecontributionandperspectiveofContemporary
Jewelryinthedesignandconceptionofwearabledigitaldevices,reflectingtheawarenessof

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jewelerstotheperson/objectrelationshipandnotionsofpersonalsignificance.
RandallWhite,professorofanthropologyatNewYorkUniversitysuggeststhatany
discoveryofcollectivehumancoexistencecanbedescribedasasocietyifthereisevidence
ofjewelryinthatcollective.Hestatesthat"Whatpeoplewear,andwhattheydotoandwith
theirbodiesingeneral,formsanimportantpartoftheflowofinformationestablishing,
modifying,andcommentingonmajorsocialcategories.Thisperspectiveprovidesaviewof
jewelry,whichestablishesitasadefiningsignifierofsocietyandthepowerrelationships
withinit{1}.
Thereisevidencethroughouthistorythatobjectshavebeenwornorattachedtothe
body to symbolize status,difference and a way of asserting individualism. These first
connectionsbetweenpurposeandselfadornmentformtheprecursorsofwhatwenowknow
as jewelry. Traditionally jewelry has followed in these footsteps. Ithas been used to
symbolize wealth, social status and cultural positioning. However the power an object
has,particularlyonewornonthebody,toexemplifyandexpressmanybroaderconceptshas
advancedthemediumofjewelryfromthistraditionalrole[1].
IBMsdesignapproachcanbecharacterizedasa'problemsolving'one,andhasled
tosolutionsofequivalentqualitytohighstreet,commercialaccessories,withapredictability
offormandfunction.Turningtojewelrybecause"ifyouhavesomethingwithyouallthe
time,youmightaswellbeabletowearIt."showsanarrowinterpretationofwhatjewelryis
andanaivetyinthiscaseoftheproblemswhichareinneedofsolving.Inallowingfunction
to lead the concept the perceived issues or problems are potentially shallow and the
resultingdesignswillonlyechothis.Themoreimportant,significantproblemsofwhysuch
devicesshouldbemade,orhowsuchdevicescanenhancecommunicationbetweenpeople
arenotevidentinthesepieces.
Research and Development at Philips has produced concepts for the integration of
technologyinourcommunities,homesandclothing.Philipsisanexampleofacompanywitha
number of approaches to the designof digital devices. They take a user centered approach
stating"Thetraditionaldesigndisciplinesareintegratedwithexpertisefromthehumansciences
andtechnologythroughamultidisciplinary,researchbasedapproachthatmakesitpossibleto
createnewsolutionsthatsatisfyandanticipatepeople'sneedsandaspirations.

Philipssuggestthat"Asnewtechnologicaldevelopmentsadvancetheybecomewell
and smaller as we userefined, miniaturized technology. But there are limits to
miniaturization.Itcanhelpmakeproductssmallerandeasiertouse,buttheultimatedream

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isnottohaveeasiertools:itisnottohavetobotherwithtoolsatall!Thestepforwardthen
istheintegrationoffunctionsintoobjectsthatwedonotfeelcluttersus,whicharepartof
our life. Philips approach shows an openness to form and mode of interaction, their
proposeddevicesoftensuggestplayfulwaysofinteractingwiththesystems,butintermsof
wearabledevicestheirsuggestionsechoqualitiesof'products'ratherthan'jewelry.
Product Design Company IDEO has produced proposals for wearable digital
appliances,whichintimatenotionsofjewelry.Theideasconsistof:Cellphonerings,where
theearpieceandmouthpiecetelephonyareembeddedinfingerjewelry,'ToeJewelry',
which facilitates navigation around a city, through the use of satellites and a PDA
powerplantonabelt,aSportswatchwhichsuppliesdataofyourperformance,touploadto
yourPDAforanalysisandalowpoweredearmountedphone.Theformsstillresemble
products,ratherthanjewelry,buttheyshowamoreimaginativeinterpretationofhowto
weardigitaldevicesthanmanyproductdesigncompanies.

Astheseexamplesillustrate,themajorityofdigitaldevicestodateusingthebodyas
their canvas and locusare from a functionalist led standpoint. Craft theorists such as
Greenhalgh(2002)discusstherelevanceoftechnologyformakersofcraftobjectsandthere
is a recognizable shift in the embrace of such notions. Howeverthere are very few
contemporaryjewelersgoingbeyondtheexpressionofideasandaestheticsattributedto
digitaltechnologyintheirwork.

IDEOs Techno jewelryproposals for digital jewelry include Cell phone, Rings,
wheretheearpieceandmouthpieceareembeddedinfingerjewelry,and GPSToes,toe
ringswhichactasdirectionalindicatorsandarewirelesslyconnectedtoaGPSreceiverkept
inabagorwornonabelt.Elementsofthesedesignsshowamoresensitiveunderstanding
ofwhatitmeanstointegrateanobjectintoyourappearancebywearingit.Theirfocuson
the hands and feet are described by IDEO as:nonintrusive locations for useful
innovations,theseconceptsprovethatnewdevicesneedntlookalientoyourpersonand
thatwecanmaketechnologyadapttoourlifestylesratherthantheotherwayaround.

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Figure2.1:IDEOsTechnojewelry

2.5PeopleandTheirAwarenessofDigitalJewelry
A survey was conducted for this purpose through social network (Facebook,
Twitter)Participantsincluded:138people,agegroup1930,MaleandFemale.Ourresults
concludedthefollowingThereare106people(77%)donotaboutdigitaljewelry,while
thereare32people(23%)theymayhaveheardorreadaboutit.About73%accepttheidea
ofdigitaljewelry.ThemostpopularfieldusedforDigitalJewelryisIntelligence.Thisis
comparingwithmedicalandsocialfields.

3.TECHNICALSPECIFICATIONSOFDIGITALJEWELRY

Digitaljewelrydevicesconsistofascreenordisplayforinformation,mostlikely
consisting of 716segment, or dot matrix LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies such as
electroluminescentmaterial(EL)orothers,whichcouldbecomeanoptionaldisplay.
Sotoo,anaudiovisualorother'display'couldconsistofaspeaker,asingleflashing
light, a sensor of some kind (such as a temperature driven EL display), or other
informationalaesthetic.Thedisplaylayersitsonafaceofthedevice,whichisenclosedin
somematerialsuchasplastic,metal,crystal,orothermaterial.
Ithasexternalswitchesandbuttonsonitssideandadataportforaccessingthe
programmableelectroniccircuitinside.Amicrocontrollerthatisasurfacemounteddevice
(SMD) on a printed circuit board (PCB) with resistors (R) and capacitors (C) are the
internalguts'ofthejewelry.

3.1DisplayTechnologies
Thedigitaljewelrydisplay,forinstance,everyalphabetandnumbersystemhas

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foundrepresentationwithintheelectronicsrealmand'dotmatrix'(amatrixofsingleLEDs)
isusedtodisplayChineseandJapaneseandothercharactersets,ascanthealternative
displayforLCDs(liquidcrystaldisplays)alsobeused,asoftenfoundinwatches.

Figure3.1:Alphanumericorgraphicdisplaytypes

DigitalJewelrycanbemadeinmanydifferentsizesandshapeswithavarietyof
materialsrangingfromplasticandmetaltorubberandglass.Theyutilizeelectromagnetic
propertiesandelectronicstodisplayinformationthroughascreenordisplayofsomekind.
ThiscouldrangefromLED7segment,16segment,dotmatrix,andotherprogrammable

LEDs devices to LCDs, OLEDs, and other displays, which are all driven by the self
containedjewelrydevicesthemselves[1].
A dot matrix is a 2dimensional patterned array, used to represent characters,
symbolsandimages.Everytypeofmoderntechnologyusesdotmatricesfordisplayof
information,includingcellphones,televisions,andprinters.Theyarealsousedintextiles
withsewing,knitting,andweaving.
Inprinters,thedotsareusuallythedarkenedareasofthepaper.Indisplays,thedots
maylightup,asinanLED,CRT,orplasmadisplay,ordarken,asinanLCD.Althoughthe
output of modern computers is generally all in the form of dot matrices (technically
speaking),computersmayinternallystoredataaseitheradotmatrixorasavectorpattern
oflinesandcurves.Vectordataencodingrequireslessmemoryandlessdatastorage,in
situationswheretheshapesmayneedtoberesized,aswith fonttypefaces.Formaximum
imagequalityusingonlydotmatrixfonts,itwouldbenecessarytostoreaseparatedot
matrixpatternforthemanydifferentpotentialpointsizesthatmightbeused.Instead,a
singlegroupofvectorshapesisusedtorenderallthespecificdotmatrixpatternsneededfor
thecurrentdisplayorprintingtask.

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Sixteensegment displays were originally designed to display alphanumeric

characters(LatinlettersandArabicdigits).LatertheywereusedtodisplayThainumerals
andPersiancharacters.Beforetheadventofinexpensivedotmatrixdisplays,sixteenand
fourteensegmentdisplays were some of the few options available for
producingalphanumeric characters oncalculators andother embeddedsystems. However,
theyarestillsometimesusedonVCRs,carstereos,microwaveovens,telephoneCallerID
displays,andslotmachinereadouts.
Sixteensegmentdisplaysmaybebasedononeofseveraltechnologies,thethree
most common optoelectronics types being LED, LCD and VFD. The LED variant is
typicallymanufacturedinsingleordualcharacterpackages,tobecombinedasneededinto
textlinedisplaysofasuitablelengthfortheapplicationinquestion.

3.2ElectromagneticBeads
Theclosestcomparisontothismodelisthatof'beads'whicharestrungtogetherto
make a custom necklace or bracelet, with interchangeable electromagnetic component
systemsordevices.Onebeadmaybeacapacitorontheinside,andasolarpanelonthe
outside.

Another bead may have an internal resistor which feed power into a programmed
microcontrollerbeadwhichdrivesanexternalscreen,withotheroptionsavailableinavariety
ofbeadconfigurationswhichcomposeacircuit,includingbeadswithaPiezoelement,voltage
regulator,crystal,orrechargeablebatteryaspartofthemodularjewelcircuit[2].

The number of data pins on the microcontroller needs to be enough to easily

programthedisplaylayerplustheswitcheswithoutoverlycomplexandadvancedcoding
methods. Thekeytothedevice'sabilitytoworkeffectivelyisabalancingofelectronic
componentswithinthecircuitwithalightdutyprocessingandlimitedpowerconsumption
requiredforthedisplay(d)layer.

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Figure3.2:ElectromagneticBeads

3.3PrototypesofDigitalJewelry

Figure3.3:HioxNecklace
Thefigure3.3showsacompleteHIOXnecklaceshowingal26lettersofromanalphabets
extendedin4dimentionalspacelifetime.Metalwithleathercord.

Figure3.4:ProgrammableHIOXRingwith16SegmentLEDDisplay
ASixteenSegmentDisplay(SISD),sometimescalleda"UnionJack"displayora
"BritishFlag"displayisatypeofdisplaybasedon16segmentsthatcanbeturnedonoroff
accordingtothegraphicpatterntobeproduced.Itisanextensionofthemorecommon

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sevensegmentdisplay,addingfourdiagonalandtwoverticalsegmentsandsplittingthe
threehorizontalsegmentsinhalf.Othervariantsincludethefourteensegmentdisplaywhich
splitsonlythemiddlehorizontalsegment.

4.THEJAVARING

Itseemsthateverythingweaccesstodayisunderlockandkey.Eventhedeviceswe
use are protected by passwords. It can be frustrating trying to keep with all of t he
passwordsandkeysneededtoaccessanydoororcomputerprogram.
DallasSemiconductorisdevelopinganewJavabased,computerizedringthatwill
automaticallyunlockdoorsandlogontocomputers.

Figure4.1
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(a)TheJavaRingcanbeprogrammedtogiveyouaccesstoeverydooranddevice.
(b)DS9104DigitalDecoder
Forover10years,Dallassemiconductoralsohasbeendesigning,makingandsellinga
lineofhighlysecuremicroprocessorsareusedinsatelliteTVdescramblers,automaticteller
machines, point of sale terminals, and other similar applications requiring cryptographic
securityandhighresistancetoattackbyhackers.PostalService's(USPS)InformationBased
IndiciaProgramPostalSecurityDeviceSpecification,intendedtopermitprintingofvalidU.S.
postageonanyPC,providedthefirstopportunitytocombinetwoareasofexpertisewhena
securemicroprocessorwasdesignedintoanIButtontheresultingproduct,namedtheCryptoI
Button,combineshighprocessorperformanceandhighspeedcryptographicprimitives,and
exceptionalprotectionagainstphysicalandcryptographicattacksofoutsiders.Anagreement
betweenDallasSemiconductorandRSADataSecurityInc.Providesapaiduplicensefor
anyoneusingtheCryptoIButtontoperformRSAencryptionanddigitalsignaturessothatno
morefurtherlicensingoftheRSAencryptiontechnologyisrequiredsofar.Highsecurityis
affordedbytheabilitytoerasethecontentsofNVRAMextremelyquickly.Thisfeature,rapid
zeroization,isarequirementforhighsecuritydevicesthatmaybesubjectedtoattacksby
hackers.Asaresultofitshighsecurity,theCryptoIButtonisexpectedtowintheFIPS1401
securitycertificationbytheNationalInstituteofStandards

andTechnology(NIST).AspecialoperatingsystemwasdesignedandstoredintheROM
oftheCryptoIButtontosupportcryptographyandgeneralpurposefinancialtransactions
suchasthoserequiredbythePostalServiceprogram.WhilenotaJavavirtualmachine,the
Ecommercefirmwaredesignedforthisapplicationhadseveralpointsofsimilaritywith
Java, including an objectoriented design and a byte code interpreter to interpret and
executeDallasSemiconductor'scustomdesignedwiththeECommerceScriptlanguage
TheDS9104DigitalDecoderRingisaportabledatabasedisguisedasjewelrywith
theDS1996MemoryIButtonassignet.Dataistransferredseriallyusingthe1Wire
protocolthroughasimpleinterface.Dataisfirstwrittentoascratchpad,verified,andthen
transferredtoNVmemory.The64bitserialnumberguaranteesthateachringisuniqueand
traceable. The ring communicates by touch through a parallel or serial port interface.
Applicationsincludeaccesscontroltobuildings,doors,andcomputersanddigitizedstorage
ofpersonalinformation

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Note:RingscannotberesizedastheIButtonwillnotwithstandthehigh
temperaturesrequired.
The Java Ring, first introduced atJava One Conference, has been tested at
CelebrationSchool,aninnovativeK12schooljustoutsideOrlando,FL.Theringsgivento
students are programmed with Javaapplets that communicate with host applications on
networkedsystems.Appletsaresmallapplicationsthataredesignedtoberunwithinanother
application
AtCelebrationSchool,theringshavebeenprogrammedtostoreelectroniccashto
pay for lunches, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a student's medical
informationandallowstudentstocheckoutbooks.Allofthisinformationisstoredonthe
ring'sIButton.StudentssimplypressthesignetoftheirJavaRingagainsttheBlueDot
receptor,andthesystemconnectedtothereceptorperformsthefunctionthattheapplet
instructsitto.Inthefuture,theJavaRingmaystartyourcar.

4.1ComponentsofJavaRing
TheJavaRingisastainlesssteelring,16millimeters(0.6inches)indiameter,which
housesa1milliontransistorprocessor,calledanIButton.Theringhas134KBofRAM,32
KBofROM,arealtimeclockandaJavavirtualmachine,whichisapieceofsoftwarethat
recognizestheJavalanguageandtranslatesitfortheuser'scomputersystem[4].

Digitaljewelry,(designedtosupplementthepersonalcomputer,)willbetheevolutionin
digitaltechnologythatmakescomputerelementsentirelycompatiblewiththehumanform.

HighlightsofJavaRing

RunsJavabetter(plusportionsenhanceJavaCard2.0)

Carefulattentiontophysicalsecurity(rapidzeroization)

Durabilitytostanduptoeverydayuse

Highmemorycapacity(upto134KbytesNVSRAM)

Retailconnectivityto250millionexistingcomputers(lessifdesignedinbefore
manufacturing)

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Figure4.2:BlueDotReceptor
The Java Ring is snapped into a reader, called a Blue Dot receptor, to allow
communicationbetweenahostsystemandtheJavaRing.IButtonrequiresconnectiontoa
readerknownasaBlueDotReceptorinordertobesuppliedwithpowerandtoreceive
inputandsendoutput.The read/writeoperationwillbedonebythis bluedotreceptor
providedbyRS232serialportadaptor.
Receptor cable connects to the USB port of PC or any embedded system. The
informationistransferredbetweentheIButtonandpcwithmomentarytouchingjavaring.

4.2WorkingofJavaRing
Since java ring is programmed with the applets and the programming is done
accordingtoourapplicationandthiswillspecificforthespecificuser.Allinformationof
theuserisstoredinthejavaring.Figure4.3showshowjavaringisusedtoopenthedoor.
Usersimplyhastopressthesignetofthejavaringagainstthebluedotreceptorandthe
systemconnectedtothereceptorperformsthefunctionthattheappletsinstructitto.java
ringhastheuserprofileandthesameprofileispresentinthedoorembedded

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Figure4.3:OpeningdoorusingJavaRing
systemalso,whentheuserpressthesignetofthejavaringagainstthejavaringreader
whichisembeddedatthehandleofthedoorthedataistransferredfromtheringtodoor
system. iftheprofileisauthenticmeansuserisauthentictoopenthe doorthe applets
presidentintheringinstructthedoortoopen.
InformationistransferredbetweenIButtonandaPCwithamomentarycontact,at
upto142Kbitspersecond.TodothatonepressesIButtontotheBlueDotreceptor,a15
pipelineintoPC.TheBlueDotstickstoanyconvenientspotonthefrontofaPCandis
cabledtotheserialorparallelportintheback.

Figure4.4:WorkingprocessofJavaRing(Source:JavaCardTechnology)
AccordingtotheDallasSuperconductorsinformation,over41millionIbuttonsare
currentlyincirculation.ListofthemajorusersincludetheU.S.PostOffice,entiretruck
fleetfittedwithIButtonsthattrackvehiclemaintenance;CitizensofIstanbul,Turkey,who
storedigitalcashintheIButton,usingthedeviceasasmallchangepurseontheirmass
transitsystem.ItwasalsosaidthattheU.S.Postalservicehasapproved.
Javaringisprogrammedwiththeappletsaccordingtoourapplication.Forspecific
classofuserspecificjavaappletsispreloadedintothejavaring.Alltheinformationofthe
userisstoredinthejavaring.Usersimplypressesthesignetofthejavaringagainstthe
bluedotreceptorandthesystemconnectedtothereceptorperformsthefunctionthatthe
appletinstructsto.

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JavaringsareauthorizedthroughPersonalIdentificationNumbers(PINs)sothatno
onecanstealapersonsringandusethatring.Thejavaringprovidesveryhighdegreeof
securityfortheconfidentialdatathatisstoredintheNVRAMmemory.

4.3OperatingSysteminJavaRing
AspecialoperatingsystemwasdesignedandstoredintheROMoftheCryptoI
Buttontosupportcryptographyandgeneralpurposefinancialtransactionssuchasthose
requiredbythePostalServiceprogram.WhilenotaJavavirtualmachine,theECommerce
firmwaredesignedforthisapplicationhadseveralpointsofsimilaritywithJava,including
an objectoriented design and a byte code interpreter tointerpret and execute Dallas
SemiconductorscustomdesignedECommerceScriptLanguage[3].
ACompilerwasalsowrittentocompilethehighlevellanguagerepresentationofthe
Script Language to a byte code form that could be interpreted by the ECommerce
VM.AlthoughtheECommercefirmwarewasintendedprimarilyfortheUSPSapplication,
thefirmwaresupportsavarietyofgeneralelectroniccommercemodelsthataresuitablefor
many different applications. The ECommerce firmware also supports cryptographic
Protocols for secure information exchange such as the Simple KeyManagement for
InternetProtocol(SKIP)developedbySunMicrosystemsInc.

4.4ApplicationsofJavaRing

Accesscontroltobuildingsandequipment

Securenetworkloginusingchallenge/responseauthentication

Storagevaultforusernamesandpasswords
UserprofileforrapidInternetformfilling

Digitalsignaturesforecommerce
UnitedStatesPostalServicePostalSecurityDeviceforPCPostagedownloadable
overtheInternet.

DigitalphotoIDandfingerprintbiometrics

Thermochronapplications

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4.5Advantages
Javaringiswearable.Completelycontrolledbytheuser.Providesauthentication
touserswhichiscrucialformanyapplications.Easierforadministratortomaintainthe
securityinfrastructure.
RapidZeroizationzeroisation(alsospelledzeroization)isthepracticeoferasing
sensitiveparameters(electronicallystoreddata,cryptographickeys,andCSPs)froma
cryptographicmoduletopreventtheirdisclosureiftheequipmentiscaptured.Thisis
generallyaccomplishedbyalteringordeletingthecontentstopreventrecoveryofthe
data.
Moresecurethanusingpasswords.Portable. Provides real memory, more
power,andacapacityfordynamicprogramming.

5.APPLICATION,ADVANTAGESANDLIMITATIONS
5.1

Application

I.

InSocialNetworking

Theuseofdigitaljewelryintheareasofsocialcommunicationhelp
toeasycommunicationbetweenusersaswellashelptointeractandrespondfaster

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asithelpstosharethelatestinformationaroundtheworldthenthedigitaljewelry
helpsrapidresponseandhighefficiently.

Youcancommunicatewithyourfriends,family,asyourneedas
effectiveway.

AI. InPersonalField
Thejavaringhelptheemployeeinthecompaniestoreminderthetimeofthemeetingby
savingthedateonthisring(Ringscannotifyfornotonlyphones,itmayincludeemail
andmessagesoranyotherkindofnotification),ortocommunicatewithotherstuff
easilybyusingtheothercomponentofthejewelryeg:Earrings,Necklaceetc

BI. InIntelligenceField
DigitaljewelrycanbeusedtoadjusttheSecurityCouncil,whereitisconsidereda
modernmethodandeasytouseinthetransferofinformationinamoresecureand
confidentialduetotheirsmallsizeanduseditonapersonallevel.
IV.

InMedicalFields
Thattheuseofjewelrydigitalinthemedicalfieldabigimpactatfacilitatingtheir
careerwhereitsbecomeameansof:communicationveryeasybetweenthepatient
andthedoctororthemedicalstaffasawhole,usedinfollowuppatientsandoutside
thehospitaleasily,thepatientcancommunicatewithhisdoctorwithease,whether
inthehospitalorathomeaswellasatthemedicallevelthey.

5.2Ongoingachievements:
Charmbadge
IntelligentSpectacles
SmartWristWatch
MagicDecoderring
CharmedCommunicatorEyepiece
MouseRing
5.3Advantages
ItprovidesSECURITY.
Forexample,JAVARINGisusedtolockorunlockdoorsorcomputers.Aswe
usepasswordsandkeystolockourdoorsandcomputers.Wedontneedto

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rememberallthosepasswordsandcarryallthosekeys.Sojavaringisdesigned
toprovidesecurity.
Itiseasytocarryeverywhere.
AsCOMPUTINGDEVICESareembedded,itisnotnecessarytocarryCELLS
orCOMPUTERSitisnotnecessarytocarryCELLSorCOMPUTERS.

5.4Limitations
Chargingcapabilitiesandcostarethesampleofproblems.
Displayisverysmall
Raysmaybeharmful
Nowaterproofshouldbetaken
Veryexpensivetoafford

6.CONCLUSION
Thebasicideabehindthedigitaljewelryconceptistohavetheconvenienceof
wireless, wearable computers while remaining fashionably sound. The combination of

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shrinkingcomputerdevicesandincreasingcomputerpowerhasallowedseveralcompanies
tobeginproducingfashionjewelrywithembeddedintelligence.Today,manufacturerscan
placemillionsoftransistorsonamicrochip,whichcanbeusedtomakesmalldevicesthat
store tons of digital data. Researchers have already created an array of digitaljewelry
prototypes."We'vemadeoneofalmosteverythingexcepttonguerings,"saysDanRussell,
seniormanagerofIBM'sAlmadenResearchLab,whereIBMisdevelopingdigitaljewelry
technology.

Figure6.1:DigitalWatch
Russellsaysthatdigitaljewelryisthebeginningofthedisintegrationofthepersonal
computerintotinypieces.Itishopedtobemarketablesoon,however,severalbugsremain.
Chargingcapabilitiesandcostarejustasampleoftheproblemsthatlurk.
Theroleposited,throughthisresearch,ofacontemporaryjewelerisnothowtoadd
anaesthetictoatechnology,orhowyouwearsomething,butthatajewelercanforcemuch
bigger questions and issues, which involves questioning motivations, relevances, and
formsofdigitalappliancesandinteraction.Asaresultofthisnextphasetheaimistouse
thefindingstodevelopareflectivereviewoftheresearcher'sownpractice.
Theresearchwillgenerateempiricaldataformainlyqualitativeanalysis.Inthis
waytheactivitieswillinformoneanotherandallowrefinementanddevelopmentofthe
researchmethodologyandinturntheresearcher'sownpractice.Itisanticipatedthatthe
researchwill

test the appropriateness of Contemporary Jewelry as a creative strategy in the further

developmentofsuchtechnologies.

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Furthermoreitwilldefinenewdesignmethodologies,whichwillbridgetherolesof
Designer and Jeweler. If successful this research will enhance the relevance of
ContemporaryJewelryandestablishitsvalueasasourceofknowledgeinapostindustrial
age.Theresearcherwillproduceathesisandaseriesofjewelryobjects,whichwillbe
presented in the form of one or more exhibitions, which will address the issue of
transparencyandcommunicationofcontent.AsstatedbyProfessorRandallWhiteJewelry
isadefiningsignifier,itwasintheMiddleUpperPaleolithicageandthisresearchcan
demonstratethatitstillistoday.
Thepurposeofhavingdigitaljewelryistousethedifferenttechnologiesprovidedin
computersorotherdevicesinasmallereasytocarrydevice.Wehavewentsofardownthat
roadwithalltheexistingdigitaljewelry.However,thefutureiswideopenforanynew
ideasinthatfieldtomakeourlivesmucheasier.Newcombinationsofthissortmaychange
oureverydaytaskstomakeitsimpler,thussavingourtimemoneyandenergy.

7.REFERENCES

1.WWW.GOOGLE.COM
2.WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
3.WWW.STUDYMAFIA.NET

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