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Understanding Amibroker Backtest Report
2016-02-27 13:02:10 admin

For successful trading system development, its very important to understand and analyze backtest
reports. Beginners often overlook this fact as they find it very difficult to comprehend financial and
mathematical terms in these reports. This post will try to simplify this task of understanding backtest
reports. Well consider Amibroker for illustration purpose since it has one of the most powerful backtest
engine. However, most of the parameters in these reports are same across different trading platforms.
Please download our sample backtest report from the below link.
Sample Backtest Report
Lets explore some of the most common and important parameters present in this report:

Initial Capital
Starting capital at the beginning of backtest period.

Ending Capital
Capital at the end of backtest period.

Net Profit
Ending Capital-Initial Capital

Net Profit %
Net Profit expressed in % terms. For ex: if Initial Capital=100000, Ending Capital=200000, then,
Net Profit %=(200000-100000)/100000*100= 100%.

Exposure %
It is the net average exposure of your trading system for the period of backtesting. It is calculated as the
sum of individual bar exposures divided by total number of bars. Individual bar exposure is calculated as
the ratio of open positions value to the overall portfolio equity for that particular bar. Lets suppose you are
backtesting your strategy on daily timeframe, if at the end of Day 1 your open position value is 10000 and
portfolio equity is 100000 then bar exposure for that particular day is 10.

Net Risk Adjusted Return %

It is the ratio of Net Profit % and Exposure %.
For ex: If net profit %=100 and Exposure %=10, then Net Risk Adjusted Return %=100/0.1=1000

Annual Return %
It is the compounded annual return %. It is the annualized rate at which capital has compounded over the
backtest period.

Risk Adjusted Return %

It is the ratio of Annual return % and Exposure %.

For ex: If Annual return %=20 and Exposure %=10, then Net Risk Adjusted Return %=20/0.1=200

All Trades
Total number of trades executed as per the backtested strategy in specified period.

Winners
Total number of winning trades.

Losers
Total Number of losing trades.

Total Transaction costs

Total Transaction costs based on brokerage per trade settings.
For Ex: If Total number of Trades=100, and Brokerage per Trade=50, then Total Transaction
costs=100*50=5000

Average Profit
Its the ratio of total profit and number of winners.
For Ex: if total profit=200000, number of winners=50, then Average Profit=200000/50=4000

Average Loss
Its the ratio of total loss and number of losers.
For Ex: if total loss=-100000, number of losers=50, then Average Loss=-100000/50=-2000

Average Profit/Loss
Also known as Expectancy, Its calculated as (Total Profit+ Total Loss)/(Number of trades). It represents
expected gain/loss per trade.
For Ex: If Total Profit=200000, Total Loss=-100000, Number of trades=100, then Expectancy=(200000100000)/100=1000

Average Bars Held

Average holding period per trade. If you are backtesting on Daily timeframe, then this represents the
average number of days a Trade is held.

Max. Consecutive Winners

This represents the maximum number of consecutive wins in the whole backtest period. High value is
better

Max. Consecutive Loses

This represents the maximum number of consecutive losses in the whole backtest period. Low value is
better.

Maximum trade drawdown

The largest peak to valley decline experienced in any single trade. The lower the better.

Maximum trade % drawdown

The largest peak to valley percentage decline experienced in any single trade. The lower the better.

Maximum system drawdown

The largest peak to valley decline experienced in portfolio equity. The lower the better.

Maximum system % drawdown

The largest peak to valley percentage decline experienced in portfolio equity. The lower the better.

Recovery Factor
It is the ratio of net Profit and maximum system drawdown. Higher the better.
For Ex: If net Profit=100000, maximum system drwadoen=50000, the Recovery Factor=100000/50000=2

CAR/MaxDD
Compound Annual % Return divided by Maximum system % drawdown. Good if bigger than 2.
For Ex: If Annual Return %=30, and Maximum system % drawdown=10, then CAR/MaxDD=30/10=3

RAR/MaxDD
Risk adjusted return divided by Maximum system % drawdown. Good if bigger than 2.
For Ex: If Risk adjusted Return %=50, and Maximum system % drawdown=10, then
CAR/MaxDD=50/10=5

Profit Factor
Ratio of Total profit and Total Loss. Higher the better.
For ex: if Total profit=200000, Total loss=100000, then Profit Factor=200000/100000=2

Payoff Ratio
Ratio of Average profit and Average loss. Higher the better.
For ex: if Average Profit=10000, Average loss=4000, then Payoff Ratio=10000/4000=2.5

Standard Error
Standard error measures choppiness of equity curve. The lower the better.

Risk-Reward Ratio
Ratio of potential risk and potential reward of Trading system. Higher is better. Calculated as the slope of
equity line (expected annual return) divided by its standard error.
Risk Reward Ratio: An ultimate tool for Success in Stock Market

Ulcer Index
A technical indicator that measures downside risk, in terms of both depth and duration of price declines.

The Ulcer Index (UI) increases in value as the price moves farther away from a recent high, and falls as
the price rises to new highs. Mathematically its is the Square root of sum of squared drawdowns divided
by number of bars. Lower the value of Ulcer Index, better is your trading system. Find detailed calculation
example for ulcer index here.

Sharpe Ratio of trades

Measure of risk adjusted return of investment. Above 1.0 is good, more than 2.0 is very good. For detailed
calculation click here.

K-Ratio
Detects inconsistency in returns. Should be 1.0 or more. The higher K ratio is the more consistent return
you may expect from the system. For detailed calculation click here.
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