AIM :Configure DHCP and DNS

1. When client wants to get ip address via DHCP, it generates dhcp discover.
The client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message on its local physical subnet.
The DHCPDISCOVER message may include options that suggest values for the network address and
lease
duration.
DHCPDISCOVER is a UDP broadcast message type.
2. One or more servers may answer on it with dhcp offer.
Each server may respond with a DHCPOFFER message that includes an available network address in the
"ipaddr" field (and other configuration parameters in DHCP options).
The server unicasts the DHCPOFFER message to the client (using the DHCP/BOOTP relay agent if
necessary) if possible, or may broadcast the message to a broadcast address (preferably 255.255.255.255)
on the client's subnet.
3. When client choice from what server it want ip address, and generate dhcp request, in which set ip
address
selected server.
The client chooses one reply and responds to the server with aDHCPREQUEST.
DHCPREQUEST is a UDP broadcast message type.
4. The server acknowledges the request with a DHCPACK.

Features of DHCP:
1. DHCP messages from a client to a server are sent to the DHCP server port (UDP port 67), and DHCP
messages from a server to a client are sent to the DHCP client port (UDP port 68).
2. DHCP is used to provide IP information to hosts on your network. DHCP can provide a lot of
information,
but the most common is IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information.
3. The DHCP Discover message uses UDP as it is the transport layer protocol. i.e. DHCP is
connectionless.
4. A client that sends out a DHCP Discover message in order to receive an IP address sends out a
broadcast at
both layer 2 and layer 3. The layer 2 broadcast is all Fs in hex, or FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. The layer 3
broadcast is 255.255.255.255, which means all networks and all hosts.
5. DHCP clients lease their IP addresses from DHCP servers. When this lease expires, that IP address can
no
longer be utilized by the DHCP client. For that reason, DHCP client must periodically renew their IP
address leases, preferably before the lease has expired or is about to expire.
The default lease period is 30 days.The default ping timeout is 500 milliseconds.
6. DHCP allows for both private and public addressing.
7. A DHCP server uses a ping to detect address conflicts.

DHCP Commands:
1. ipdhcp pool command creates a DHCP address pool.
Or
To create a DHCP server pool, use the ipdhcp pool command.
2. network command is used to specify the range of addresses.
3. ip address dhcp command is used to acquire a DHCP address on a routers interface.
4. showipdhcp binding command is used to see the assigned DHCPaddresses.
5. clearipdhcp binding * command is used to clear DHCPaddresses on the server.
6. DHCP's other commands domain-name, dns-server, netbios-name-server,defaultrouter, and lease.

7. ipconfig/release command is used to terminate a PCs DHCP-assigned lease

Domain Name System

The Domain Name System (DNS) is the crucial glue that keeps computer networks in harmony
by converting human-friendly hostnames to the numerical IP addresses computers require to
communicate with each other. DNS is one of the largest and most important distributed databases
the world depends on by serving billions of DNS requests daily for public IP addresses. Most
public DNS servers today are run by larger ISPs and commercial companies but private DNS
servers can also be useful for private home networks.