GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This spreadsheet is designed to be used in conjunction with the document titled "Prediction
"Horizontal of
Dra
P
Piezometric
for
Horizontal
Surfaces
Drain Design"
and Drain
bySpacing"
Cook et al.
by(in
Cook
progress),
et al. (ininpress),
which in
a full
which
description
a full description
of the met
o
Crenshaw
and
Santi'sand
2004
Santi's
method)
2004employed
method) in
employed
this spreadsheet
in this spreadsheet
is available.
is available.
This document
This also
document
detail
and maintenance
maintenance
practices
practices
for horizontal
for horizontal
draindrain
systems,
systems,
and discusses
and discusses
somesome
limitations
limitations
of the
of metho
the m
spreadsheet
is
intended tois facilitate
intended the
to facilitate
application
theof
application
Crenshawofand
Crenshaw
Santi's modified
and Santi's
method.
modified
Specifically,
method. S
1) Predict piezometric surfaces in a drained slope for use in slope stability analyses,
2) Predict heads in piezometers installed in a drained slope for purposes of verifying expected d
3) Estimate an appropriate average drain spacing to achieve a desired piezometric drawdown, a
analyses.
The spreadsheet is composed of five sections: an Introduction Page, a Multiplier Page, an Input
Output Page. The Introduction Page provides an overview of the spreadsheet and includes tips
Page does not provide any guidance on the use of Excel spreadsheets in general. It is assumed
program and can navigate the spreadsheet as needed. The Multiplier Page provides a figure tha
parameter, M. The Input Page provides an easy format for entering the data required for the cal
the intermediate calculations and data used to provide the output listed on the Output Page. The
never altered. The Output Page provides a list of the heads calculated for the drained slope, and
piezometric surface within the drained slope.
Tips for Spreadsheet Use:
1) Always keep an unaltered copy of the original file in case a calculation or output cell is accid
saving a version of the original file under a new name.
2) If
Note
Excel
thatasks
not you
every
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length.
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alter
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total drain Page.
length is 90 ft, the last data cell number for each X and Y
changed
6)
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corresponding
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data. (ft)"
At the
columns.
least, the
These
last cell
instructions
number for
are each
also provided
series should
on the
be Ou
ch
length. For example, if the total drain length is 27 m, the last data cell number for each X and Y
changed from 318 to 40. The cell number corresponding to the total drain length can be easily
any of the "Length into the Slope (m)" columns. These instructions are also provided on the Ou

UCTIONS

nt titled "Prediction
"Horizontal of
Drain
Piezometric
Spreadsheet
Surfaces
Instructions
and Drain
to Predict
Spacing
hich
l description
a full description
of the method
of the(amethod
modified
(a modified
version ofversion
Crenshaw
of
ilable.
is document
This also
document
detailsalso
current
details
design,
current
installation,
design, installation,
and
ome
limitations
limitations
of the
ofmethods
the methods
employed
employed
here-in.
here-in.
ThisThis
spreadsheet
nti's
d method.
modified
Specifically,
method. Specifically,
it may be used
it may
to quickly:
be used to quickly:
ty analyses,
of verifying expected drawdown, and
ezometric drawdown, as estimated from slope stability

Multiplier Page, an Input Page, a Calculation Page, and an

sheet and includes tips for spreadsheet use. The Introduction
general. It is assumed the user has some knowledge of the
ge provides a figure that may be used to estimate an input
data required for the calculations. The Calculation Page shows
on the Output Page. The Calculation Page should be viewed, but
or the drained slope, and a profile of the maximum, steady-state

n or output cell is accidentally deleted or changed. Start by

n't
ome
Update."
of them can/should be left blank depending on other input
ome
column.
of them can/should be left blank depending on other input
column.
ormula
ion to provide
to calculate
a presentable
a number,figure.
even ifThis
youprofile
are only
may
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ulation
ach series
Page.
should be changed to correspond to the total drain
umber for each X and Y data range of each series should be
drain
ion tolength
provide
cana be
presentable
easily viewed
figure.
on This
the Calculation
profile mayPage
be altered
under
also
ach provided
series should
on the
be Output
changedPage.
to correspond to the total drain
umber for each X and Y data range of each series should be
in length can be easily viewed on the Calculation Page under
also provided on the Output Page.

Multiplier for use with the head correction factor (Hf). The drain inclination is "di," and
Both inclinations are in degrees.

rain inclination is "di," and the low-permeability layer inclination is "ll."

Objective

Parameter
Hydraulic Conductivity (m/s) - K:
Average Drain Outflow From a Single Drain (m 3/s) - Q:
Recharge over area LxS (m/s) - V:
Average Drain Length (m) - L:
Average Drain Spacing (m) - S:
Average Depth to Underlying Low-Permeability Layer (m) - D:
Drain Radius (m) - r0:

Input Data to Calculate Drain Spacing or

Maximum Piezometric Profile:

Drain Angle (degrees) - :

Low-Permeability Layer Angle (degrees) - :
Multiplier - M:
Initial Piezometric Head Behind Drain Field (m) - Hi:
Elevation of Drain Outlet (m) - Edo:
Elevation of Low-Permeability Layer Below the Drain Outlet (m) - Elp:

Additional Input Data Required to Calculate the

Piezometric Head at a Single Piezometer:

Distance of Piezometer From Midpoint Between Two Drains (m) - x:

Distance of Piezometer into the Slope (m) - p:

Value

Special Instructions

K VALUE INVALID

(m /s) - Q:
3

ility Layer (m) - D:

Use a value for either Q or V, but not both.

Use closest integer.

May be left blank if desired. Will be auto-calculated on

following page.

(m) - Hi:

he Drain Outlet (m) - Elp:

ween Two Drains (m) - x:

p:

See Multiplier Page (second tab).

Measure 6 m behind drains from level of Elp.
Use height above low-permeability layer if Elp is zero.
May use zero for this value since the Elp is the datum

Recharge (m/s) - V:

#DIV/0!
Normalized Recharge (v/K) - Vn:

Hi%:

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Head at L100 (m) - Hd:

Head correction factor (m) - Hf:

Final head correction factor (m) - Hfc:
(Corrected for Drain
Angles>0)

Maximum Piezometric Height Above the Drain at the

Midpoint Between Drains (m) - Hmax:

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Auto-Calculated Field Depth (m) - D:

Lc%:

Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lc:

Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lcc: (Corrected for

Drain Angles>0)
Final Location of Drain Contact (m) - Lcf: Value used
for RCD

Equiv. Depth to Low-Perm Layer (m) - d:

#N/A

Drain
Length into the Slope (m)
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Elevation of Drain (m)

0.00

Low-Permeability Layer
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#DIV/0!

RDC Slope Calculation

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

0.00

#DIV/0!

0.00

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Slope, m:

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Intercept, b:

#DIV/0!

#N/A

Low-Permeability Layer
Elevation of Low-Perm. Layer (m)
0.00

D (m)
0.00

Field Depth, D
Average D (m)

Piezometric Head at a Specific Piezometer

Piezometer Head at Lc (m) - Hc:
RDC at Distance p (ft) - RDCp:

#DIV/0!
#N/A

Drain Elevation at Distance p (ft) dp:

#N/A

Head in Specified Piezometer (ft) Hp:

#DIV/0!

Predicted Piezometric Surface

Length into the Slope (m)
RDC (m)
Elevation of Piezometric Surface (m)
0
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Piezometric Head (m)

Hmax

Explan
#DIV/0! This is the average maximum head in the slope that occurs at the mi

Hp

#DIV/0! This is the head in a piezometer a distance x from the midpoint betwe

Elevation (m)

Predicted Piezometric Surface

100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00

50

100

150
200
Length into Slope (m)

0.00

50

100

150
200
Length into Slope (m)

This profile chart must be changed manually to reflect the correct drain length. This

On the Calculation Page, note which cell in Column A corresponds to the ma

On the Output Page, with the chart selected, right click the chart with the com

Choose Select Data.

Choose a series and select Edit.

For all three series, change the last cell for the X and Y value ranges to match

For example, the final default cell number is 318. If the drain length for a pr

Explanation
ad in the slope that occurs at the midpoint between two drains at a distance L c into the slope.

a distance x from the midpoint between two drains at a distance p into the slope.

ometric Surface in Drained Slope

150
200
250
gth into Slope (m)

Drain
Low-Permeability Layer
Piezometric Surface at
Midpoint Between Drains

300

350

150
200
250
gth into Slope (m)

300

350

ect the correct drain length. This can be achieved by following these instructions:

Column A corresponds to the maximum drain length, L.

right click the chart with the computer mouse.

he X and Y value ranges to match the cell number noted in Column A previously.

318. If the drain length for a project is 27 m, the cell number corresponding to this length is 40. Thus, each series range wil