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GRAMMAR FOCUS:
Module 1
Zero Conditional
Simple Future
First Conditional
Module 2
to be used to + ing
used to
Module 3
Pats
Pats
Pats
Pats
Progressive
Progressive
Progressive
Progressive
Module 4
Imperatives to give instructions and directions
Phrasal verbs
Modal verbs for polite request
Zero Conditional
Condicin
Resultado
If
Present simple
Present simple
If
Resultado
Condicin
If
Present simple
Present simple
Simple Future
Para
predecir
It will rain tomorrow.
un
Con
"I"
o
"we",
para
expresar
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
Con
"you",
You will do exactly as I say.
para
evento
una
futuro:
decisin
dar
espontnea:
rdenes:
una invitacin:
with
me?
Nota:en el ingls actual, will tiene un uso preferente frente a shall. "Shall" se utiliza
fundamentalmente con las primeras personas, I y we, para ofrecer o sugerir algo, o
para pedir consejo (ver los ejemplos anteriores). Con el resto de las personas (you,
he, she, they) "shall" se emplea nicamente en construcciones poticas o literarias,
e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her toes, She shall have music wherever
she goes."
First Conditional
Utilizamos el condicional 1 para hablar de una posibilidad real en el
futuro; es decir, de una accin que es posible que ocurra en el futuro
siempre y cuando se cumpla la condicin.
Ejemplo con explicacin:
Pensemos en que una amiga me pedio el favor de ayudarla a estudiar para
un examen que se realizar maana; yo no s si pueda ayudarla porque
no s si tengo que trabajar maana, entonces yo le digo:
If I have time tomorrow, I will help you. (Si tengo tiempo maana, te
ayudar)
Estructura:
Este condicional tiene dos partes: la condicin y el resultado.
Observa los siguientes ejemplos:
-If you come to the party, you will meet my sister. (Si vienes a la fiesta,
conocers a mi hermana)
-If she gets home late, I will be very angry. (Si ella llega a la casa tarde,
estar muy enejado)
La condicin:
El resultado:
-If I dont have to work on Saturday, we can go to the cinema. (Si no tengo
que trabajar el sbado, podemos ver una pelcula)
-If she studies hard for the exam, she may get a good grade. (Si
ella estudia dura para el examen, puede que obtenga una buena
calificacin)
to be used to + ing
used to
El verbo use significa usar o utilizar. Sin embargo, cuando utilizamos este
verbo en el pasado simple, ms la preposicin to, como verbo modal, el significado
cambia. Adems, se puede utilizar used to como adjetivo. A continuacin tienes
una explicacin de los diferentes usos.
To used to
(Soler)
El verbo modal used to se emplea para indicar algo que ocurra o sucedera en el
pasado de manera habitual. Tambin, se utiliza para algo que antes era verdad pero
ya no lo es. Como con los otros verbos modales, used to est seguido por la forma
base del verbo (el infinitivo sin to).
Structure (Estructura)
1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
Sujeto + used to + verbo
Ejemplos:
We used to go to the beach every summer when I was young. (Cuando era joven
solamos ir a la playa cada verano.)
He used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day, but he quit last year. (Sola fumar un
paquete de cigarrillos al da, pero lo dej el ao pasado.)
I used to like mushrooms, but not anymore. (Me solan gustar las setas, pero ya no.)
There used to be a great restaurant here, but it closed a few years ago. (Haba un
Food didnt use to be so expensive. (La comida no sola ser tan cara.)
We didnt use to go away on holiday very often when I was young. (No solamos ir
de vacaciones a menudo cuando era joven.)
They usually play football on the weekends. (Suelen jugar a ftbol los fines de semana.)
Nota: Tambin se puede utilizar el verbo modal would para eventos o acciones
repetidas en el pasado. Pero ten en cuenta que slo se puede usar con acciones, no
con estados o hbitos. Tampoco se puede utilizar would en el negativo. Para
informacin de los otros usos de would ver las lecciones de frases condicionales y
los verbos modales.
Past
Tense of
Be
was
were
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
Base Form of
Past Tense of Base Form of
Subject
Verb +Ing
Be + Not
Verb +Ing
working.
I
He
She
It
was not
(wasn't)
working.
working.
We
You
They
were not
(weren't)
working.
Yes / No Questions
YES/NO QUESTIONS
Past
Tense of
Be
Was
Subject
I
he
she
Base For of
Verb + Ing
Short Answers
Affirmative
Short Answers
Negative
working?
Yes. I
he
she
No. I
he
she
was
was not
(wasn't)
Were
it
it
it
we
you
they
we
wer
you
e
they
we
you
the
y
working?
were not
(weren't)
Example Sentences
I was studying chemistry last night.
In 1992 we were living in Cuba.
Today shes wearing a blue dress, but yesterday she was wearing a black one.
Jimmy wasnt working very hard.
The players were not playing well.
When the phone rang I was cleaning the windows.
I fell asleep while I was reading a book.
He was driving fast when the accident happened.
Were you watching television when I called you?
No, I wasnt. I was listening to music.
Was it raining when you left the house?
No, it wasnt. It was sleeting when I left the house.
Pats Progressive - specific time in the past
Spelling Tip
Verbing (Present Participle)
Add ing to most verbs. Ex. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking
For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. Ex: slide > sliding, ride > riding
For verbs that end in ie, change the ie to y and add ing. Ex: die > dying, tie > tying
a form of be + verbing
rest of sentence
I / He / She / It
was finishing
You / We / They
were paying
a form of be + verbing
rest of sentence
I /He / She / It
wasnt crying
You / We / They
werent hiking