Please submit your homeworks to the teaching assistant (Shao

Ziyun, email: zyshao@eee.hku.hk) and note that the deadline is

Mar. 21, 2010.
Assignment 1:
Q1. The generator matrix for a (7, 3) linear binary code is
1 0 0 1 0 1 1
G = 0 1 0 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 0 1 1 1

a) Determine the parity check matrix H for the code. (2 marks)

b) Determine the minimum distance of the code. (3 marks)
c) Determine the error-detection capability and the error-correcting capability of the
code. (5 marks)
d) Demonstrate that the code word corresponding to the information sequence 101 is
orthogonal to H . (2 marks)
e) Construct the standard array for this code and determine the correctable patterns and
their corresponding syndromes. (10 marks)

Q2. The polynomial g ( x ) = x 4 + x + 1 is the generator for the (15, 11) binary code.
a) Determine a generator matrix G for this code in systematic form. (3 marks)
b) What is the minimum distance of the code? (3 marks)
c) How many random errors per code word can be corrected? (2 marks)
d) How many errors can be detected by this code? (2 marks)

Q3. Let S ( x ) denote the syndrome corresponding to error sequence e( x ) in an (n, k) cyclic
code with generator polynomial g ( x ) . Show that the syndrome corresponding to e1 ( x ) ,

the right cyclic shift of e( x ) , is S 1 ( x ) , defined by

S 1 ( x ) = xS ( x ) mod g ( x )

(10 marks)

Q4. The block diagram of a binary convolutional code is shown in Figure 1.

Input

Output

Figure 1

a) Draw the state diagram for this code. (5 marks)

b) Draw the trellis diagram for this code. (5 marks)
c) Find the transfer function and the minimum free distance of this code. (5 marks)
d) Assume that a message has been encoded by this code, BPSK modulated and then
transmitted over an AWGN channel with hard-decision decoding. If the received
sequence is (110110110111010101). Using the Viterbi algorithm, find the most likely
transmitted sequence. (10 marks)

Q5. A trellis-coded signal is formed as shown in Figure 2 by encoding one bit by use of a rate
convolutional code, while three additional information bits are left uncoded. Perform the
set portioning of a 32-QAM (rectangular) constellation and indicate the subsets in the
partition. By how much is the distance between adjacent signal points increased as a result of
the partitioning? (4 marks) Following the three basic rules for assignments of signal subsets
to state transitions in the trellis, find an effective way to map the output 5 bits into symbols
(constellation points). (10 marks)

1
1

Coded bits
2

Figure 2

Uncoded
bits

Q6. Determine the signal space representation of the four signals sk (t ) , k = 1, 2,3, 4 , shown
in Figure 3, by using as basis functions the orthonormal functions 1 (t ) and 2 (t ) . Plot the
signal constellation diagram, and show that this signal set is equivalent to that for a fourphase PSK signal. (10 marks)
s1 (t )

s2 (t )

s3 (t )

t
1

s4 ( t )

1 (t )

2 ( t )

Figure 3

Q7. Suppose that binary PSK is used for transmitted information over an AWGN with a
power spectral density of

1
1
N 0 = 1010 W/Hz . The transmitted signal energy is b = A2T ,
2
2

where T is the bit interval and A is the signal amplitude. Determine the signal amplitude
required to achieve an error probability of 106 when the data rate is
a) 2k bits/s (3 marks)
b) 500k bits/s (3 marks)
c) 1M bits/s (3 marks)