Design handbook for frame design including

joint behaviour

Autor(en):

Jaspart, Jean-Pierre / Maquoi, Ren

Objekttyp:

Article

Zeitschrift:

IABSE reports = Rapports AIPC = IVBH Berichte

Band (Jahr): 75 (1996)

PDF erstellt am:

15.03.2016

Persistenter Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-56927

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371

DESIGN HANBOOK FOR FRAME DESIGN

INCLUDING JOINT BEHAVIOUR

Jean-Pierre JASPART

Jcan-Picrrc Jaspart, born 1962, got his Civil Engineering

Research Associate FNRS

Doctor Engineer

Degree in 1985 and his Ph.D Thesis in 1991.1 lc is the

author of more than 60 papers on connection and frame

University of Liege
Liege

design, member ofthe Drafting Group

BELGIUM

on "Steel and Composite Connections".

Rene MAQUOI
Professor
Doctor Engineer
University of Lege
Liege

Rene Maquoi, born 1942, got his

coauthor of more than 200 papers mostly devoted to stability

BELGIUM

chairmanship or membership of ECCS and SSRC, task

of Annex J of
Eurocode 3 and Chairman ofthe COST Cl Working Group

in 1965

-and

Civil Engineering Degree

his Ph.D Thesis in 1973. Hc is the author or

problems and design of comicetions. Hc is involved in

various international activities: preparation

of Eurocode 3,

working groups,...

Summary
In this paper, a design handbook for designers of steel building frames is presented. This
handbook gives a quite compiete overview ofthe design procedures for frame design including joint behaviour - which are included in Eurocode 3 Part 1-1[1]. In its first part, a
background information is given. The second part focuses on application rules for daily
practice and a particular attention is paid to structural joints. Finally, worked examples for
compiete frame design are presented in the third part.

1.

Introduction

Traditionally the analysis and the design of steel frame structures is based on the assumption
that the constitutive beam-to-column joints, splices and column bases are perfectly pinned or
perfectly rigid.
However studies performed in the last decade have clearly shown that:

Most ofthe joints used in daily practice are not flfiilling the requirements so to
be characterized by such idealized responses; they are said semi-rigid and
partial strength when their resistance is lower than that ofthe connected

members.
The fulfillment
erection costs

of these requirements is often involving extra fabrication or

DESIGN HANDBOOK FOR FRAME DESIGN INCLUDING JOINT BEHAVIOUR

372

Through economical investigations, it has also been progressively demonstrated that:

The traditional rules for design of joints are rather conservative.
The use of semi-rigid joints instead of pinned ones results in a decrease ofthe
weight ofthe structure, and therefore of their total cost (5 to 10 %) including
fabrication, transportation and erection costs.
The use of semi-rigid joints instead of rigid ones sometimes results in an
increase ofthe amount of steel needed, but also to a strong decrease ofthe
fabrication costs through a simplified detailling ofthe joints (less stiffening for
instance). The benefits varies here from 10 to 25 %.

To profit from these potential benefits requires new design methodologies for what regards
design assumptions,frame analysis and verification ofthe ultimate and serviceability limit states.
This need is now widely expressed by designers, what has engendered, at the european level,
different actions in the last years Among these ones, let us mention:

The fll revision ofthe Annex J of Eurocode 3 on "Steel Joints in Building

Frames" [ 2].
The SPRINT european project where simplified design procedures for joint
design and tables of standardized joints, all in agreement with EC3 Annex J,
have been suggested [3].

The first one provides a legal frame for the use ofthe new design techniques for joints while
the second focuses more on the practical aspects to which the designer is likely to be faced in
his daily practice.

In the frame ofa recent ECSC project (contracts 7210-SA/212 and 320), the SPRINT action
has been prolonged so to cover also the implications ofthe Joint behaviour on the structural
frame analysis and design. The guide for users resulting from this action is briefly presented in
the following pages.
The partners in this project are: University of Liege in Belgium as coordinator (R. MAQUOI
and J.P. JASPART), CT1CM in France (B. CHABROLIN, I. RYAN and A. SOUA), CRIF in
Belgium (D. VANDEGANS), TNO Delft in The Netherlands (M. STEENFIUIS) and RWTH
Aachen in Germany (K. WEYNAND).

2.

Content of the design handbook

The ECSC user's manual Covers the following three main aspects

The design of commonly used beam-to-column joint configurations such as

welded ones or bolted end plate and flange cleated ones. Beam splices are also
covered.
Guidelines on how to incorporate joint behaviour in the structural analysis (both
Ist order and 2nd order, elastic and plastic).
Design checks for the ultimate limit states (frame and member resistance and
stability, member and joint section checks,

J373

J-P. JASPART, R. MAQUOI

It is structured into three main parts which all deal with all the three different aspects
mentioned here above:

Part 1-Technical Background

A primary objeetive ofthe manual

is to facilitate the use

of Eurocode 3

and

it

has so been thought that this was requiring explanations about the general
design philososophy to adopt in particular cases, the successive steps to follow,
the assumptions to follow and the formulae to use.

Part 2-Application Rules

In this section, practical guidelines are given in a straigthforward manner. The
designer should find there the recommendations he needs to perform frame
analysis, joint design and structural venfications. All the formulae are expressed
together with their limitations and their implications on further steps. For joints,
three different design approaches are expressed, as described in section 3 ofthe
present paper.

Part 3- Worked Examples.

Three different worked examples are included in the manual. They cover the
whole frame and joint design procedure and not only some specific aspects as
thejoint characterization or the frame analysis. They should help the designer in
understanding the different steps ofa semi-rigid frame design, and the sequence
of these steps according to the practical Situation to which he is faced : engineer
or construetor responsible for both frame and joint design or share ofthe
responsibilities between the engineer (frame design) and the construetor (Joint
design).

All the scientific aspects have been disregarded and the content of all the chapters has been
limited to the minimum but sufficient information which appears to be strictly usefiil to
practitioners.

3.

Design of the structural joints

An important step in the design process is the determination ofthe mechanical properties ofthe
joints in terms* of rotational stiffness, moment and shear resistances and rotation capacity.
For what regards this characterization, three approaches are followed

design sheets
These are short documents containing very simple rules allowing to calculate in
an easy and quick way the stiffness and resistance properties of some welldefined types of joints:

374

DESIGN HANDBOOK FOR FRAME DESIGN INCLUDING JOINT BEHAVIOUR

ik

beam-to column joints with extended endplates;

beam-to column joints with flush endplates (2 types);
beam splices with flush endplates (2 types);
beam-to column joints with angle flange cleats.
These simplified procedures strongly reduce the amount of calculation in
comparaison with the application of EC3 Annex J but are anyway in agreement
with the EC3 design philosophy An example of such a design sheet is shown in

Annex

of the present

paper.

design tables
These are tables covering standardized joints and providing the user with joint
detailing and stiffness / resistance properties (see Annex 2); information
allowing to classify the joints as pinned, semi-rigid or rigid, partial strength or
fll strength is also given.

Software

This PC Software called DESIMAN is able to characterize the mechanical

properties ofa wide range of usual or non-usual types of joints subjected to
bending moments and shear forces. It includes graphical pre- and postprocessors (see Annex 3). The pre-processor allows a user's friendly
introduction ofthe data. It is connected to bolt, plate, material and profile
databases, so allowing a decrease ofthe time required to introduce the data. It is
also connected to another database in which all the calculations made can be
stored, in order to be used further if needed.
The post-processor of DESIMAN produces four main files :
A short one just giving the main results ofthe computation : design
resistances in bending and shear, initial stiffness, collapse mode,
ductility, class for frame analysis (1/2 page).
The previous one to which the resistance and the stilTness of all the
constitutive joint components are added. Such a file allows the designer
to modify in an Optimum way its joint when the design requirements are
not fulfilled (1 page).
A calculation note ( 5 pages) presenting more detailed results ofthe
calculations, for each component and for thejoint. This note is useful
when, for instance, the design has to be checked by a control office.
A fll calculation note just like that which could be produced by hand,
and in which the results of all the intermediate calculations are given.

4.

References

[1]

Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures, Part 1-1; General Rules and Rules for
Buildings, ENV 1993-1-1, 1992.
New revised Annex J of Eurocode 3 "Joints in Building Frames", Doc.
CEN/TC250/SC3-N419E, Brssels, June 1994.
SPRINT Contract RA351 on "Steel Moment Connections according to Eurocode 3.
Simple Design Aids for Rigid and Semi-Rigid Joints", 1992-1996.

[2]
[3]

J-P. JASPART, R. MAQUOI

375

Annex 1: Example of simplified design procedure

Mechanical characteristics
Yield stresses

Ultimate stresses

Boam webs
Beam Hanges

Lnd-platcs

Bol's

If hot-rolled

profiles

fvwb

fy(b

Geometrical characteristics

Joint

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r_i_
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see

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As df is not given in all die catalogs for bolts.
d is chosen here (safe assumption).

Vfl
+ *I

~m

3
LI

h*t*i

376

DESIGN HANDBOOK FOR FRAME DESIGN INCLUDING JOINT BEHAVIOUR

RESISTANCE

STIFFNESS

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k"3 -

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k.

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378

DESIGN HANDBOOK FOR FRAME DESI

Annex 3: Input and Output scrcens of D

DesiMan 2.3 [w
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