Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OF
PROBLEM
AREAS
JURISDICTION
AFFECTING
1.
ACTIONS
INCAPABLE
PECUNIARY ESTIMATION
OF
1.1
Generally, it is one where the basic
issue is something other than the right to
recover money, where the money claim is
incidental to or is a consequence of the
principal relief being sought. It is a claim, the
subject of which cannot be estimated in
terms of money.
1.2
Examples: Action for specific
performance although damages are being
sought BUT if damages are part of an
alternative prayer, jurisdiction should be
based on the amount. OTHERS: Action for
appointment of receivers, expropriation,
interpleader, support, and rescission
1.3
In determining which court has
jurisdiction, the applicable test is the
NATURE
OF
THE
ACTION
TEST
(Determination as to whether or not the
action is capable of pecuniary estimation. If
not capable, jurisdiction is with the RTC. If
capable-jurisdiction is determined by the
amount claimed/value of the personal
property) BUT this test must yield to the
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE TEST (where
notwithstanding the fact that the action
appears to be incapable of pecuniary
estimation, if the primary objective is to
recover real property, jurisdiction will be
determined by the assessed value of the
real property)
2.
DETERMINATION OF AMOUNTS
OF
THE
CLAIM
TO
DETERMINE
JURISDICTION
AND
PAYMENT
OF
DOCKET FEES 2.1
Foreclosure of chattel to collect
100K but actual value is 500K MTC
RULE: Jurisdiction is determined by the
amount claimed by the plaintiff.
2.2
Action for removal of improvements
with prayer for 10,000 for attorneys fees
RTC incapable of pecuniary estimation.
2.3
Action to collect sum of money
within jurisdiction of the MTC but with
accessory prayer for damages beyond MTC
jurisdiction MTC - if action is personal,
5
LEVELS
OF
JURISDICTION
SUBJECT
1.JURISDICTION
COURT
OF
THE
MATTER
SUPREME
THE
RULES
BE
12 Sebastian v Hon. Morales, 397 SCRA 549, Duremdes v Duremdes, 415 SCRA 684
13 Republic v Hernandez, 253 SCRA 509
14 Fortica v Corona, GR No. 131457, April 24, 1998
15 Supra, Section 1, Rule 2
16 Supra, Section 2, Rule 2
17 Navao v CA, 251 SCRA 545
13
2.
A foreign corporation cannot be a
plaintiff in suit when it is transacting
business in the Philippines without a license.
3.Entities authorized by law are recognized
labor organizations and entities without legal
personality referring to 2 or more persons
not organized as an entity with juridical
personality enter into a transaction, they
may be sued under the name by which they
are generally or commonly known but in
their answer to the complaint, their names
and addresses must be revealed.31
4.A sole proprietorship may not be a party
as it is neither a natural, juridical or entity
allowed or authorized by law. If one sues as
such, the action may be dismissed on the
ground of lack of capacity to sue. It does not
possess a juridical personality separate and
distinct from the personality of the owner of
the enterprise.32It cannot sue or file or
defend an action in court.33
PARTIES IN INTEREST
A real party in interest in the party who
stands to be benefited or injured by the
judgment or party entitled to the avails of the
suit. UNLESS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED
BY LAW OR THE RULES all actions must
be prosecuted or defended in the name of
the real party in interest.34
1.A real party in interest-plaintiff is one who
has a legal right, while a real party in
interest-defendant is one who has a
correlative obligation, whose act or omission
violates the legal rights of the former.35
2.WHEN A SUIT IS NOT BROUGHT IN THE
NAME OF THE REAL PARTY IN
INTEREST,it may be dismissed on the
ground that the complaint states no cause of
action.36 Note that the dismissal is not due to
lack of or no legal capacity to sue nor lack of
legal personality, as the latter is not ground
for dismissal for dismissal under the 1997
Rules of Civil Procedure.
2.1It states
BECAUSE
NO
IT
CAUSE OF ACTION
IS
NOT
BEING
as
an
is
an
4.2
It can be brought by the plaintiffs as
a class or may be filed against the
defendants as a class
4.3
Any party in interest shall have the
right to intervene to protect his individual
interest.
4.4
The general rule, is that the party
bringing the suit in his own name and that of
others similarly situated has the right to
control the suit, BUT, it shall not be
dismissed or compromised without the
approval of the court.58
5.If there is a failure to join an indispensable
party, the court must order the plaintiff to
amend his complaint for the purpose of
impleading the indispensable party. If the
plaintiff fails, refuses or the party cannot be
sued because he is a non-resident
defendant in a personal action, the
complaint must be dismissed.59
6.If there is a failure to join a necessary
party, the pleader in the pleading in which a
claim is asserted without joining a necessary
party shall (1) set forth the name of the
necessary party, if known and (2) state the
reason for omission. If the court finds the
reason for the omission is not meritorious, it
may order the inclusion of the omitted
necessary party if jurisdiction over his
person is obtained.
If pleader fails to comply with order for
inclusion without justifiable cause, it shall be
deemed a waiver of the claim against the
party, BUT the non-inclusion does not
prevent the court from proceeding in the
action, and the judgment therein shall be
without prejudice to rights of such necessary
party.60
if
is
versy.
-non joinder dismissed
non joinder waiver of claim
OF
THE
EFFECT
INCOMPETENCY/INCAPACITY
ACTION
ON
ON
AN
GENERAL
IS
THE RULES
APPLICABLE
ON
VENUE
ARE
NOT
80 Dimo Realty & Development, Inc. et al. v. Dimaculangan, G.R. NO. 130991, March 11, 2004
1.EXAMPLES:
(1)
Quo
Warranto
proceedings may be instituted in the
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals or the
Regional Trial Court exercising territorial
jurisdiction over the area where the
respondent/s reside. If the Solicitor General
commences the action, he may do so in the
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals or the
Regional Trial Court of Manila.84 The criminal
or civil action for damages due to libel can
only be instituted either in Regional Trial
Court of the place where he holds office or
in the place where the alleged libelous
article was printed and first published; and if
the offended parties are private individuals,
the venue shall be in the Regional Trial
Court of the place where the libelous article
was printed and first published or where any
of the offended parties actually resides at
the time of the commission of the offense85
or 2.Art 360, RPC. Libel Civil and Criminal
action to be distributed in the RTC where
public official holds office or where libelous
article was first printed or published (3)
Intracorporate Controversies are to be filed
in the Regional Trial Court where principal
office corporation is located.86
2.Any agreement as to venue must be in
writing and for exclusivity, the intent must be
clear, otherwise, it will be interpreted to allow
for an additional venue.
2.1
The freedom of the parties to
stipulate on the venue is however subject to
the usual rules on contract interpretation.
Where the provision appears to be onesided as to amount to a contract of
adhesion, the consent of the parties thereto
may well be vitiated and the venue
stipulation will not be given effect.87
2.2Venue as stipulated in the promissory
note shall govern notwithstanding the
absence of a stipulation as to venue in an
accompanying surety agreement as the
latter can only be enforced in conjunction
with the former.88
HOW VENUE IS QUESTIONED
Venue may be questioned in (1) in a motion
to dismiss89, or (2) in an answer by way of
IN
REGIONAL
TRIAL
PERMISSIVE
1. does not arise out of or is not connected
with the transaction or occurrence constituting the subject matter of the opposing
partys claim
2. not barred even if not set up in the
answer
3. plaintiff must answer once docket fees are
paid
4. if not answered default lies
5. being an initiatory pleading it requires a
certification as to non-forum shopping
3.2
The
REQUISITES
OF
A
COMPULSORY COUNTER-CLAIM are:(a) It
arises out of or is necessarily connected
w/the transaction or occurrence that in the
subject matter of the partys claim (b)It does
not require for adjudication the presence of
3rd parties over whom the court cannot
acquire transaction (c) It must be cognizable
by the regular courts of justice (d) It must be
within the jurisdiction of the court both as to
amount and the nature thereof, except that
in an original action before the RTC,
counterclaim is considered compulsory
regardless of amount (e)
It
must
already be existing at the time defending
party files his answer (Rule 6, Sec. 7, Rule
11, Sec. 8)
See Reyes De leon v Del Rosario, 435
SCRA 232, test to determine whether
counterclaim is compulsory or not.
3.2.1 A compulsory counterclaim that is
not yet in existence at the time of the filing of
an answer may be presented or set-up by a
supplemental pleading before judgment.101
101 Supra, Section 9, Rule 11, Intramuros Administration v Contacto, 402 SCRA 581
34
2.3
Relief should be specified but it may
add a general prayer for such further or
other relief as may be deemed just and
equitable.
2.4
Date every pleading is required to
be dated.
3.SIGNATURE AND ADDRESS- every
pleading must be signed by the party OR
counsel representing him, stating in either
case his ADDRESS which should not be a
post office box.
3.1
NOTE the word OR because a party
may litigate / defend PRO SE or for himself
without aid or counsel. This applies even if a
party is already represented by counsel.
3.2
AN ADDRESS IS REQUIRED for
service of pleadings or judgments
3.3
SIGNIFICANCE OF COUNSELS
SIGNATURE it is a CERTIFICATE BY
HIM THAT: (a) He has read the pleading
(b)To the best of his information, knowledge
and belief there is good ground to support it
(c)
It is not interposed for delay
3.4
IF PLEADING IS UNSIGNED It
produces NO LEGAL EFFECT. However, the
court in its discretion can allow the
deficiency to be remedied if: it SHALL
APPEAR THAT THE SAME IS DUE TO
INADVERTENCE AND NOT INTENDED
FOR DELAY
3.5
COUNSEL
SUBJECT
TO
DISCIPLINARY ACTION IN RELATION TO
the Rule when (a) He deliberately files an
unsigned pleading (b) Signs a pleading in
violation of the Rule (c) Alleges scandalous
or indecent matter (d) Fails to promptly
report to the court a change in his address
4.VERIFICATION is an affidavit that the
affiant has read the pleading and that the
allegations
therein
are
TRUE
and
CORRECT
of
his
PERSONAL
KNOWLEDGE AND/OR IS BASED ON
AUTHENTIC RECORDS.
4.1
IF A PLEADING REQUIRED TO BE
VERIFIED CONTAINS A VERIFICATION
BASED ON INFORMATION AND BELIEF,
OR UPON KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION
AND BELIEF, OR LACKS A PROPER
VERIFICATION, it shall be treated as an
UNSIGNED PLEADING.
38
4.2
A pleading need not be verified,
except when otherwise specifically required
by LAW OR RULES110.
4.3A VERIFICATION IS REQUIRED under
rules governing (a) cases covered by the
Rules on Summary Procedure (b) Petition
for relief from judgment / order 111 (c) Petition
for review112 (d) Appeal by certiorari 113
(e)Petition for annulment of judgment 114 (f)
Injunction115
(g)
Receivership116
(h)
Support117 (i) 69) Certiorari, Prohibition or
Mandamus118 (j) Quo Warranto119 (k)
Expropriation120
(l) Forcible Entry /
Detainer121 (m) Indirect Contempt 122
4.4An improper verification is cured by
amending the pleading with the CORRECT
VERIFICATION
5.CERTIFICATION
AGAINST
FORUM
SHOPPING is executed by the plaintiff or
principal party who shall certify under OATH
in the COMPLAINT or INITIATORY
PLEADING ASSERTING A CLAIM OR
RELIEF
OR
IN
A
SWORN
CERTIFICATION ANNEXED THERETO
AND
SIMULTANEOUSLY
FILE
THEREWITH: (1)
That he has not
therefore commenced any action or filed any
claim involving the same issues in any
COURT, TRIBUNAL OR QUASI-JUDICIAL
AGENCY, AND to the best of his knowledge,
no such other claim or action is pending
therein (2) If there is such other pending
action or claim, a complete statement of the
present status thereof (3)
That if he
should thereafter learn that the same or
similar action has been filed or is pending,
he shall report that fact within 5 days
therefrom to the court wherein his
RULE 8 MANNER OF
ALLEGATIONS IN PLEADINGS
MAKING
PLEAD
CONDITIONS
MISTAKE,
OF
2.
MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL on the
ground of FAME if the trial court has
rendered judgment but it has not yet
become final
3.
APPEAL the judgment by default
(not the order as it is interlocutory, and
cannot be appealed) within 15 days from
notice of judgment. Note: that if in the
meantime, a motion to set aside order of
defendant has been denied, it can be
assigned as an error in the appeal. THE
NON FILING THOUGH DOES NOT BAR
APPEAL
4.
PETITION FOR RELIEF FROM
JUDGMENT based on FAME provided
no appeal has been taken within 60 days
from notice and 6 months from entry of
judgment.159
5. ACTION TO ANNUL JUDGMENT based
on EXTRINSIC / COLLATERAL FRAUD
within 4 years from discovery of the fraud
(ONE THAT INDUCES ONE NOT TO
PRESENT HIS CASE/PREVENTS FULL
AND FAIR HEARING)
6.
CERTIORARI if improperly declared
in default OR motion to set aside was
denied and is tainted with grave abuse of
discretion. Filed within 60 days from notice
or judgment order resolution or 60 days from
denial
(notice)
of
motion
for
reconsideration.160
CASES WHERE NO DEFAULT LIES
In the following cases, default does not lie:
(a) annulment of marriage (b)declaration of
nullity of marriage (c) legal separation (d)
expropriation, and (e) forcible entry, illegal
detainer and the other actions covered by
the Rules on Summary Procedure. In the
first three cases, the court shall order the
prosecuting attorney to investigate whether
or not collusion exists, and if there is no
collusion, to intervene for the state in order
to see that the evidence so presented is not
fabricated.161
RULE
10
AMENDED
SUPPLEMENTAL PLEADINGS
AND
FOR
ALLOWING
ARE
OF
AN
AMENDED
1.
It supersedes the pleading that it
amends
2.
Admissions in the superseded
pleading may be received in evidence
against the pleader because it is not
expunged from the records and admissions
in the superseded pleading are in the nature
of judicial admissions made by a party in the
course of the proceedings which do not
require proof and ordinarily cannot be
contradicted except by showing that it was
made through palpable mistake or that no
such admission was made.173
3. Claims or defenses alleged in the
superseded pleading but not incorporated in
the amended pleading shall be deemed
waived.174
HOW IS AN AMENDED PLEADING FILED
A new copy of the entire pleading
incorporating the amendments which shall
be indicated by appropriate marks shall be
filed.175
1.NOTE that the date of filing of amended
pleadings does not retroact to the date of
the filing of the original pleading. Hence, the
original
RULE
11:
WHEN
RESPONSIVE
PLEADINGS ARE TO BE FILED
ANSWER TO THE COMPLAINT
1.Within 15 days after service of summons
unless a different period is fixed by the
Court.180 The same period applies to third
party complaints.181
2.If covered by the Rules on Summary
Procedure, it is 10 days
3.If the complaint is amended: (a) as a
matter of right, within 15 days from being
served with a copy (b) if with leave of court,
within 10 days from notice of order admitting
the same. If no new answer is filed, a
previously filed answer may serve as the
answer.HOLDS ALSO FOR ANSWERS TO
AMENDED COUNTER-CLAIMS, CROSS
CLAIMS, THIRD PARTY (ETC) CLAIM OR
COMPLAINTS IN INTERVENTION.182
4.If defendant is a foreign private juridical
entity, within 15 days if service of summons
is made on the resident agent, within 30
days from receipt of summons by the entity
at its home office if received by the
government office designated by law.183
5.If it is a complaint in- intervention, within
15 days from notice of the order admitting
the complaint in intervention
6.If it is a supplemental complaint, within 10
days from notice of the order admitting the
supplemental complaint. The answer to the
complaint shall serve as the answer to the
supplemental complaint if no new or
supplemental answer is filed.184
7.If it involves a complaint served on a nonresident defendant who is not in the
Philippines through any of the modes of
extra-territorial
service,
including
by
publication, within a reasonable time which
shall not be less than 60 days after notice as
the court may specify in its order granting
leave to effect extra-territorial service of
summons
ANSWER TO A CROSS
COUNTER CLAIM
CLAIM
OR
The answer to a cross claim or a counterclaim shall be filed within 10 days from
service.185
NOTE that compulsory
counterclaims need not be answered unless
it raises issues not covered by the complaint
.
NOTE that it is required that a compulsory
counterclaim or a cross claim existing at the
filing of defendants answer must be
included therein BUT, if it matures / or is
acquired after serving of answer, it may with
the courts permission be presented as such
in a supplemental pleading. If already
existing and not set up through oversight,
inadvertence, or excusable neglect, it may,
by leave of court be set up as such by
amendment before judgment.186
REPLY
It must be filed within 10 days from service
of the pleading responded to.187 Altough the
filing of a reply is optional as if one is not
filed, all new matters are deemed
controverted.188
MAY THE TIME TO PLEAD BE EXTENDED
Upon motion and on terms as may be just,
the Court it may extend or allow it to be filed
after the time fixed by the Rules. 189 The court
may also, upon like terms, allow an answer
or other pleading t be filed after the time
fixed by these Rules.
1.NOTE that in cases covered by the Rules
on Summary Procedure, the period cannot
be extended nor shortened.
2.In quo warranto cases, the period may be
shortened.190
3.A lawyer shall not, after obtaining
extensions of time to file pleadings,
memoranda, or briefs, let the period lapse
WITH
PROOF
OF
222 Viewmaster Construction Corporation v Maulit, 326 SCRA 821, Alberto v Court of Appeals,
334 SCRA 756
223 Lim v Vera Cruz, 356 SCRA 386
224 Supra, Section 1, Rule 14
225 Supra, Section 2, Rule 14
226 A.M. No. 03-1-09-SC
227 Supra, Section 3, Rule 14
63
SERVICE
OF
241 Supra, Section 15, Rule 14, Valmonte v Court of Appeals, 252 SCRA 92
242 Cariaga v Malaya, 143 SCRA 441
243 Supra, Section 15, Rule 14
244 Supra, Section 8, Rule 14
245 Supra, Section 10, Rule 14
246 Supra, Section 13, Rule 14
247 Supra, Section 13, Rule 14
248 Supra, Section 11, Rule 14
66
249 Mason v Court of Appeals, 413 SCRA 303, E.B. Villarosa and Partner Co, Ltd v. Benito, 312
SCRA 65
250 Litton Mills v Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 696
251 Supra, Section 4, Rule 14
252 Supra, Section 18, Rule 14
253 Supra, Section 19, Rule 14
254 Supra, Section 1, Rule 15,
67
3.1
An objection to improper venue
must be made before a responsive pleading
is filed, otherwise it is deemed waived.277
4. Plaintiff has no legal capacity to sue
4.1
This means that he is not in
exercise of his civil rights, or does not have
the necessary qualification to appear or
does not have the character / representation
he claims AS OPPOSED TO the LACK OF
PERSONALITY TO SUE which means that
he is NOT the real party in interest, and the
basis for dismissal then is NO CAUSE OF
ACTION or FAILURE TO STATE A CAUSE
OF ACTION.278
5. There is another action pending between
the same parties for the same cause
5.1
5.2
The REQUISITES for its application
are: (a) Identity of the parties, or at least
such as representing the same interests in
both actions (b) Identity of rights asserted
and reliefs prayed for, the relief being
founded on the same facts. Identity in both
cases, is such that judgment in the pending
case would, regardless of which party is
successful amount to res judicata in the
other.279
5.3BETWEEN THE FIRST OR SECOND
ACTION / OR LATTER ACTIONS APPLY
THE PRIORITY IN TIME RULE BUT RULE
MUST
YIELD
TO
THE
MORE
APPROPRIATE ACTION. Example: An
action for declaratory relief to interpret a
lease contract was filed before an ejectment
case, where the Supreme Court held that
the ejectment case is the more appropriate
action.280
5.4There is a 3RD TEST: INTEREST OF
JUSTICE RULE which is a determination of
which court would be in a better position to
serve the interest of justice considering : (a)
nature of the controversy; (b) comparative
accessibility of the court to the parties; (c)
other similar factors.281
OWN
RULE 18 PRE-TRIAL
WHAT IS PRE-TRIAL
It is a procedural devise intended to clarify
and limit the basic issues between the
parties. Its main objective is to simplify,
abbreviate and expedite trial, or otherwise
dispense with it.296
It is a conference or hearing at which the
court, with the cooperation of the parties,
seek to determine definitively what precisely
are the factual issues to be tried and how
each party intends to establish his position
on each disputed factual issue.
WHEN CONDUCTED
After the last pleading has been served and
filed. It shall be the duty of the plaintiff to
move ex-parte that the case be set for pretrial.297
1.SC Adm. Circular 3-99 dated January 15,
1999 defined promptly as 5 days.
2.SC Administrative Matter No. 03-1-09, SC,
Section A (1.2) Should the plaintiff fail to
move ex-parte to set case for pre-trial, the
branch clerk of court should issue a notice of
pre-trial.
2.1
The same circular also requires that
the presiding judge direct the parties to
mediation, if possible. If it fails it will
schedule the pre-trial BUT IT MAY ALSO
SCHEDULE
A
PRELIMINARY
CONFERENCE before the branch clerk of
court to assist them in REACHING A
SETTLEMENT,
PRE-MARKING
OF
DOCUMENTS AND EXHIBITS AND TO
CONSIDER OTHER MATTERS THAT WILL
AID IN PROMPT DISPOSITION. The
JUDGE is also directed to consider assisting
the parties in effecting a settlement given
the evidence of the parties.
3.The last pleading is the answer to the
original complaint, cross claim, or, third party
complaint AND the reply.
NATURE AND PURPOSE
RULE 19 INTERVENTION
WHO MAY INTERVENE
A person who has a (a) legal interest in the
matter in litigation (b) has legal interest in
the success of either of the parties (c) has
an interest against both or (d) is so situated
as to be adversely affected by a distribution
or other disposition of property in the
custody of the court or an officer thereof.309
CAN
A PERSON
OF
THE
COURT
BY WHOM ISSUED
A subpoena is issued by (a) The court
before whom the witness is required to
attend (b) The court where deposition is to
be taken (c) Officer or body authorized by
law to do so in connection with
investigations that it may conduct (d) Any
justice of the Supreme Court/Court of
Appeals in any case or investigation pending
within the Philippines320
1.A request by a party for the issuance of a
subpoena does not require notice to other
parties to the action.321
2.In taking depositions, the clerk of court
shall not issue a subpoena duces tecum
without a court order.322
3.Absent any proceeding, suit or action,
commenced or pending before a court, a
subpoena may not issue.323
WHEN IS A WITNESS NOT BOUND BY A
SUBPOENA
1.Witness resides more than 100 kilometers
from his residence to the place where he is
to testify by the ordinary course of travel. 324
This is also called the VIATORY RIGHT OF
A WITNESS or the right not to be compelled
to testify in a civil case if he lives more than
100 kilometers from his residence to the
place where he is to testify by ordinary
course of travel.
1.1If the viatory right is invoked, a witness
can still be compelled to testify by the taking
of his deposition in a place within 100
kilometers from where he resides, observing
the following steps: (a) Party desiring to take
deposition shall give reasonable notice in
writing to every other party in the action
stating
the
TIME,
PLACE
AND
NAME/ADDRESS OF PERSON WHOSE
DEPOSITION IS TO BE TAKEN. There
should be proof of service of the notice (b)
Proof of service of notice to take deposition
shall be presented to the clerk of court of the
place where deposition is to be taken (c) On
the basis of such proof of service, the clerk
upon authority and under seal of the court,
shall issue the subpoena BUT a subpoena
TO
29
MODES
OF
WHAT IS DISCOVERY
The methods used by the parties to a civil
action to obtain information held by the other
party that is relevant to the action.
PURPOSES OF DISCOVERY
The purposes of resort to discovery are: (a)
It is a device to narrow down / clarify the
basic issues between the parties (b) It is a
device to ascertain the facts relative to the
issues
WHAT ARE THE MODES OF DISCOVERY
The modes of discovery (a) Deposition
pending action334 (b) Deposition before
335
action
or
pending
appeal
(c)
Interrogatories to parties336 (d) Request for
admission by adverse party337 (e)Production
or inspection of documents / things338 (f)
Physical / mental examination of persons339
WHEN CAN DEPOSITIONS
ACTIONS BE TAKEN
PENDING
2.1
During the taking of the deposition,
on motion or petition of any party or the
deponent
upon
showing
that
the
examination is being conducted in BAD
FAITH on IN SUCH MANNER as
UNREASONABLY to ANNOY EMBARRASS
OR OPPRESS the DEPONENT, or a party
the COURT where the action is pending or
the RTC of the place where deposition is
being taken may ORDER the officer taking
the examination to cease forthwith or limit
the scope as provided in Section 16.
2.2
If terminated, it shall be resumed
thereafter only upon order of the Court in
which the action is pending. UPON
DEMAND
of
the
OBJECTING
PARTY/DEPONENT, the taking shall be
suspended for the time necessary to make a
notice for an order. In granting/refusing such
order, the court may impose upon either
party or upon the witness the requirement to
pay costs/expenses as the Court may deem
reasonable.343
BEFORE WHOM MAY DEPOSITIONS BE
TAKEN
1.WITHIN THE PHILIPPINES: a judge,
notary public, or person authorized to
administer oaths, at any time or place if so
stipulated in writing by the parties.344
2.IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: On notice
before a secretary of the embassy or
legation or the diplomatic minister and his
staff, consul general, consul, vice consul or
consular agent of the Republic of the
Philippines, or before such person or officer
as may be appointed by commission or
letters rogatory.345
2.1A Commission is an instrument issued by
a court of justice or other competent tribunal
to authorize persons to take a deposition or
do any other act by authority of such court or
tribunal. A Commission is addressed to
officers designated by name or descriptive
title.
2.2
Letters Rogatory is an instrument
sent in the name and by authority of a judge
or court to another, requesting the latter to
cause to be examined, upon interrogatories
filed in a case pending before the former, a
witness who is within the jurisdiction of the
judge or court to whom such letters are
TO
TAKE
UPON
ORAL
WRITTEN
DISTINGUISHED
FROM
INTERROGATORIES TO PARTIES UNDER
RULE 25
SERVE
USE OF DEPOSITION
Deposition taken under the Rule or although
not so taken, it would be admissible in
evidence, it may be used in any action
involving the same subject matter contained
in petition subsequently brought in
accordance with Sections 4 and 5 of Rule
23.369
WHEN DEPOSITIONS PENDING APPEAL
ARE TAKEN
If appeal is taken from a judgment of a Court
including the CA in proper cases or before
the taking of an appeal if the time therefore
has not yet expired. The Court in which
judgment was rendered may allow taking of
depositions of witnesses to perpetuate their
testimony for use in the event of further
proceedings in the said Court.
HOW TAKEN
Party makes a motion in said Court for leave
to take depositions upon the said notice
and service thereof as if the action was
pending therein MOTION states (1) name
PRODUCTION
OF DOCUMENTS
OR
ON
HOW
On motion of any party showing GOOD
CAUSE, the COURT where the action is
pending MAY ORDER, specifying the time,
place and manner AND prescribing such
terms and conditions as are just:
1.Any party to produce and permit the
inspection, copying, photographing, by or on
behalf of a having party of any designated
DOCUMENT,
PAPERS,
BOOKS,
ACCOUNTS, LETTERS, PHOTOGRAPHS,
OBJECTS OR TANGIBLE THINGS NOT
PRIVILEGED which CONSTITUTE OR
CONTAIN EVIDENCE MATERIAL TO ANY
MATTER INVOLVED IN THE ACTION which
are in his possession and control, OR
2.Permit entry upon designated land or
other property in his possession / control for
the purpose of INSPECTING, MEASURING,
SURVEYING, TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS of
the property or any designated RELEVANT
OBJECT or OPERATION thereon.383
RESORTED TO DETERMINE CONTENTS,
STATUS OR PRESERVATION OF THE
SAME.
RULE 28 PHYSICAL /
EXAMINATION OF PERSONS
MENTAL
WHEN AVAILED OF
RULE 30 TRIAL
NOTICE OF TRIAL
Upon entry of a case in the trial calendar
the clerk shall notify the parties of the date
of the trial in such manner as to ensure
receipt of the notice at least 5 days before
such date.393
MAY
TRIAL
ADJOURNED
BE
POSTPONED
CONSOLIDATION
CONSOLIDATION
OR
TAKE
ALLOWING
WHEN RESORTED TO
Trial by commissioners may be resorted to
upon order of the court, which will then refer
any or all issues when: (a)Parties agree in
writing and the commissioner may either be
agreed upon or appointed by the Court (b)
When parties do not consent, on courts own
motion or upon application of either party, if
may be directed in the following: (1)Trial of
an issue of fact requires examination of a
long account (2)The taking of an account is
necessary for the information of the court
before judgment or for carrying judgment / or
order into effect (3)A question of fact, other
than upon the pleadings arises upon motion
or otherwise, in any stage of the case, or for
carrying a judgment or order into effect.406
1.The term commissioner may include a
referee, an auditor or examiner407
2.A commissioner is designated or
authorized
by
an
ORDER
OF
REFERENCE which will specify or limit his
powers, direct him to report only on or upon
particular issues or do or perform particular
acts, receive or report evidence only and fix
date for beginning / closing hearings and for
the filing of the report.
2.1
He shall then have and exercise the
power to: (a)Regulate the proceeding before
him (b)Do all acts and take all measures
necessary or proper for the efficient
performance of his duties upon the order
(c)Issue subpoenas (d) Swear
witnesses
(e)Unless otherwise provided, rule upon the
admissibility of evidence408
3.THE
TRIAL
/
HEARING
SHALL
PROCEED IN ALL RESPECTS AS IT
WOULD BE HELD IN COURT.
PROCEDURE
1.Commissioner takes oath and be sworn to
a faithful and honest performance of his
duties409
2.Upon receipt of the Order of Reference,
and unless otherwise stipulated he shall
forthwith set a time and place for the first
meeting of the parties and counsel within 10
law
shall
be
9.1Note
that
the
findings
of
the
commissioner are merely advisory and are
not absolutely binding upon the court.418
EXPENSES / COMPENSATION
They shall be reasonable as warranted by
the circumstances and are to be taxed as
costs against the defeated party or
apportioned as justice requires419
WHEN
REFERENCE
TO
COMMISSIONERS IS REQUIRED BY THE
RULES
Reference to commissioners is required in
the following cases: (a)Expropriation under
Rule 67 to determine just compensation
(b)Partition under Rule 69, when parties
cannot agree as to the manner of partition.
RULE 33
EVIDENCE
DEMURRER
TO
THE
JUDGMENT
ON
THE
SUMMARY
426 Monterey Foods Corporation v Eserjose, 410 SCRA 627, Puyat v Zabarte, 352 SCRA 738
427 Supra, Section 1, Rule 35
428 Supra, Section 2, Rule 35
109
OF
A PARTIAL
OF
FINAL
A JUDGMENT/FINAL
RULE
37
NEW
RECONSIDERATION
TRIAL
OR
WHEN FILED
A motion for new trial or reconsideration may
be filed within the period for taking an
appeal.442
GROUNDS FOR A MOTION FOR NEW
TRIAL
1. Fraud, Accident, Mistake, Excusable
Negligence which ordinary prudence could
not have guarded against and by reason of
which the aggrieved party was probably
impaired in his rights.
1.1
Fraud should be extrinsic or
collateral, which refers to such acts that
prevents a party from having a trial /
presenting his case in court. It refers to all
kinds of deceptions, whether through
insidious machination, manipulation or
concealment or misrepresentation that leads
another party to error.443 Examples are: false
promise to compromise or connivance of
lawyer with adverse party. This does not
include INTRINSIC FRAUD or acts of a
party at trial that prevents fair determination.
Examples are: perjury, falsification.
1.2Accident
is
circumstance, or
a
fortuitous
event,
happening; an event
MOTION
FOR
2.
DISCRETIONARY is one that is
issued, on motion, of the prevailing party for
good reasons. This is also known as
EXECUTION
PENDING
APPEAL
/
EXCEPTIONAL EXECUTION 475
a.It is filed in the trial court while it has
jurisdiction over the case and is in
possession of either the original record or
the record on appeal, as the case may be, at
the time of the filing of the motion.476 The
COURT, may in its discretion, order
execution of judgment / final order even
before the expiration of the period to appeal.
If the trial court has lost jurisdiction, it is to
be filed with the appellate court.
a.1A court LOSES JURISDICTION when
there is perfected appeal and the period to
appeal has expired. When a record on
appeal is required, it loses jurisdiction OVER
THE SUBJECT OF THE APPEAL upon
perfection of the appeal and expiration of
the period to appeal.
a.2
The REQUISITES OF EXECUTION
PENDING APPEAL are: (1) A motion by the
prevailing party with notice to the adverse
party (2)There must be good reason for
execution pending appeal (3)
The good
reason must be stated in a special order.
They must constitute superior circumstances
demanding urgency which will outweigh the
injury or damage should the losing party
secure a reversal of the judgment on
appeal.477EXAMPLES
OF
GOOD
REASONS are: deterioration of the goods,
prevailing partys inability to enjoy the
decision, or its becoming illusory. In a recent
case, OLD AGE was found to be a good
reason.478 NOTE: corporations financial
distress was not considered a good reason.
b.DISCRETIONARY
EXECUTION
BE
STAYED upon approval by the proper court
of a sufficient supersedeas bond filed by the
party against whom it is directed
CONDITIONED
UPON
THE
PERFORMANCE OF THE JUDGMENT /
FINAL ORDER allowed to be executed in
case finally sustained in whole in part. The
bond may then be proceeded against on
a judgment for
487 Heirs of the late Justice JBL Reyes v Demetria, 374 SCRA 206
488 Supra, Section 5, Rule 61
489 Denso Philippines, Incorporated v IAC, 148 SCRA 280
490 Supra, Section 6, Rule 39
491 Laperal v Ocampo, 410 SCRA 339
123
IS
Lettered gravestones;
(k)
Monies, benefits, privileges, or
annuities accruing or in any manner growing
out of any life insurance;
(l)
The right to receive legal support, or
money or property obtained as such
support, or any pension or gratuity from the
Government;
(m)
law.
he may compel
principal.525
repayment
from
the
AFTER
OR FINAL
539 Oropeza Marketing Corporation v Allied Banking Corporation, 393 SCRA 278
540 Tan v Court of Appeals, 363 SCRA 444
541 Boiser v NTC, 169 SCRA
542 Supra, Section 48, Rule 39
139
APPEALS
2.
By record on appeal in special
proceedings or cases allowing for multiple
appeals, like probate or partition. The record
on appeal shall contain the following:
a.Full name of the parties stated in the
caption including the judgment / final order
from which appeal is taken
b.In chronological order, copies of all
pleadings, petitions, motions, and all
interlocutory orders as are related to the
appealed judgment / final order for proper
understanding of the issue.
c. Data to show that appeal was filed on time
d.If issue of fact is to be raised, it should
include reference the documentary evidence
by exhibit taken on the issue specifying
the documentary evidence by exhibit nos. or
letters and testimonial evidence by the
names of the witnesses. If the whole of it is
included, a statement to such effect is
sufficient.
e.If more than 20 pages include a subject
index 547
NOTE that the requirement for a Approval of
record on appeal548 the trial court may
approve it, if no objection is filed by the
appellee or upon its motion / appellee
direct its amendment by the inclusion of
omitted matters which are deemed essential
to the determination of the issue of law or
facts involved is the appeal.If amendment is
ordered, which the appellant must comply
with within the period stated, any extension
or if none, within 10 days, submitting the
redrafted record for the approval of the
Court. Where both parties are appellants,
they may file a joint record on appeal.549
3.Regardless of the mode of appeal, the
adverse party is to be furnished with a copy.
WHEN PERFECTED
As determined by Section 9, Rule 41:
1.If by notice of appeal, it is perfected upon
the filing of the notice in due time. The court
loses jurisdiction upon perfection and
expiration of the time of appeal of other
parties.
2.If by record on appeal, it is perfected upon
approval of record on appeal filed in due
time. Court loses jurisdiction upon approval
(f)
Order of execution. Certiorari under
Rule 65 is the remedy
(g)
Judgment / final order in separate
claims, counterclaims, cross claims 3rd
party claims, while main case is pending,
unless the court allows an appeal therefrom.
The object is facilitate the trial of all issues.
(h)
Order dismissing an action without
prejudice. The remedy is to refile or
certiorari under Rule 65.557
NOTE: That declaration of presumptive
death not appealable by the state, neither by
other party. Remedy of the spouse declared
presumptively dead is to file affidavit of
reappearance. See Article 41, Family Code
COURT
ACQUIRE
ACTIONS
QUASI
JUDICIAL
163
AND
HOW
DISTINGUISHED
CERTIORARI/PROHIBITION
FROM
MAY
BE
TAKEN
ENFORCEMENT
OF
IN
THE
ORIGINAL CASES
The cases cognizable by the Supreme Court
are Certiorari, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo
Warranto, Habeas Corpus, Disciplinary
Actions against members of the Judiciary
and
Attorneys,
Cases
affecting
Ambassadors,
Public
Ministers
or
Consuls.681
In resolving the cases, applicable rules in
the Court of Appeals are also applicable in
the Supreme Court.682
APPEALED CASES
The only mode of appeal to the Supreme
Court is by Petition for Review on Certiorari,
except in criminal cases where penalty is
death, reclusion perpetua, and life
imprisonment683 NOTE: Except in appeal of
criminal cases where penalty is death,
reclusion perpetua, life imprisonment,
appeal by Notice of Appeal,
will be
dismissed684 AND if by certiorari from the
Regional Trial Court to the Supreme Court,
raising issues of fact may be referred to the
Court of Appeals for decision or appropriate
action. Determination of the Supreme Court
as to whether or not there are issues of fact
is FINAL.
All appealed cases shall be governed by
and disposed of in accordance with the
applicable provisions of the Constitution,
Rule 45 (Petition for Review on Certiorari)
Rule 48 (Preliminary Conference), Sections
1 (When submitted) 2 (Who renders
judgment) and 5 to 11 ( Form to Execution)
Rule
51,
Rule
52
(Motion
for
Reconsideration) and Rule 56.685
GROUNDS
APPEAL
FOR
DISMISSAL
OF
AN
688 FCY Construction Group Incorporated v Court of Appeals, 324 SCRA 270
689 Supra, Section 1, Rule 57
172
1.
Paying to obligee proceeds of all
sales of perishable property or others sold
pursuant to order of the court as shall be
necessary to satisfy the judgment.
2.
If there is a balance, selling so much
of the real or personal property as may be
necessary to satisfy the balance, if enough
for that purpose, remains in the hands of the
sheriff or clerk of court. Note that there can
be an EARLY SALE if it is made to appear to
the court in which the action is pending that
the property attached is perishable, or that
the interest of all the parties to the action will
be subserved by the sale of the properties at
public auction, the proceeds to be deposited
with the court to abide the judgment.702
3. Collecting from all persons having in their
possession credits belonging to the obligor
or debts due him
A REPORT / RETURN of all proceedings
must be filed with the court and copies
furnished all parties.703
4. If there be a balance, he proceeds to
collect as upon ordinary execution. If there
be a surplus, it must be returned.
5.If judgment becomes executory, the
surety/ies shall become charged on the
counter-bond and bound to pay the
judgment obligee upon demand, the amount
due on the judgment, which amount can be
recovered after notice and summary hearing
in the same action.704
6. If money was deposited in LIEU of a
bond, it is applied under direction of the
Court and if judgment is against attaching
party, the whole sum deposited is refunded.
705
IS
OBJECTION
OR
ORDERS
1.ORDER
DISCHARGING
IMMEDIATELY EFFECTIVE
IN
IS
THE
POWERS
OF
THE
722 Commodities Storage & Ice Plant Corp. versus Court of Appeals, 274 SCRA 439
723 Arranza versus B.F. Homes, Inc., 333 SCRA 799
724 Pacific Mechandising Corp., versus Consolacion Insurance & Surety Co., Inc., 73 SCRA 564
182
The court
has been
therefor it
return the
order
of
expropriation
(Section 4, Rule 67) and
order of just compensation
(Section 8, Rule 67).
WHAT IS EXPROPRIATION
The taking of private property for public
purpose upon the payment of just
compensation. It is also known as exercise
of the power of eminent domain.
HOW EXERCISED
Filing of a verified complaint which shall
state with certainty the right and the purpose
of expropriation, describing the real /
personal property sought to be expropriated,
joining as defendants all persons claiming /
owning or occupying any part thereof or
191
OF
OF
RULE
70FORCIBLE
ENTRY,
ILLEGAL/UNLAWFUL DETAINER
WHAT IS FORCIBLE ENTRY
An action brought when a person is deprived
of possession of land/building by FORCE,
INTIMIDATION, THREAT, STRATEGY, OR
STEALTH.
WHAT IS UNLAWFUL DETAINER
An action brought by a lessor, vendor,
vendee or other person against whom
possession of land/building is unlawfully
withheld after expiration or termination of the
right to hold possession, by virtue of a
contract, express or unpaid. Such action
must be brought within one year after
withholding such possession. Also known as
an accion interdictal which seeks to recover
possession de facto or physical, actual or
material possession.
199
being
excessive
or
otherwise
unconscionable. This is without prejudice to
the applicability of Section 3, Rule 9 of the
Rules of Court, if there are two or more
defendants.795
5.A preliminary conference is then
scheduled not later than 30 days after the
last answer is filed. The provision of Rule 18
on pre-trial shall be applicable to the
preliminary conference unless inconsistent
with the provisions of this Rule.
The failure of the plaintiff to appear in the
preliminary conference shall be a cause for
the dismissal of his complaint. The
defendant who appears in the absence of
the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment on
his counterclaim in accordance with Section
6 hereof. All cross-claims shall be
dismissed.
If a sole defendant shall fail to appear, the
plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment in
accordance with Section 6 hereof. This Rule
shall not apply where one of two or more
defendants sued under a common cause of
action who had pleaded a common defense
shall appear at the preliminary conference.
No postponement shall be granted except
for highly meritorious grounds and without
prejudice to sanctions which the court may
deem to impose.796
6. Within 5 days after the termination of the
preliminary conference, an order shall be
issued by the court stating the following
matters: (a) Whether the parties have
arrived at an amicable settlement, and if so,
the terms thereof (b)The stipulations or
admissions entered into by the parties (c)
Whether, on the basis of the pleadings and
the stipulations and admissions made by the
parties, judgment may be rendered without
the need of further proceedings, in which
event the judgment shall be rendered within
thirty (30) days from issuance of the order
795 Supra, Section 7, Rule 70, Article II, Section 6, Rules on Summary Procedure
796 Supra, Section 8, Rule 70, Article II, Section 7, Rules on Summary Procedure
202
for
for
797 Supra, Section 9, Rule 70, Article II, Section 8, Rules on Summary Procedure
798 Supra, Section 10, Rule 70, Article II, Section 9, Rules on Summary Procedure
799 Supra, Section 14, Rule 70, Article II, Section 20, Rules on Summary Procedure
800 Supra, Section 12, Rule 70, Article IV, Section 18, Rules on Summary Procedure
801 Heirs of Olivas v Flor, 161 SCRA 393
203
(f) Memoranda;
(g) Petition for certiorari, mandamus, or
prohibition against any interlocutory order
issued by the court;
(h) Motion to declare the defendant in
default;
(i) Dilatory motions for postponement;
(j) Reply;
(k) Third-party complaints; and
(l) Interventions.802
802 Supra, Section 13, Rule 70, Article IV, Section 19, Rules on Summary Procedure
803 Supra, Section 15, Rule 70, Article II, Section 10, Rule on Summary Procedure
804 Supra, Section 20, Rule 70
204
211
SEC.
7.
Preliminary
conference;
appearance of parties. Not later than thirty
(30) days after the last answer is filed, a
preliminary conference shall be held. The
rules on pre-trial in ordinary cases shall be
applicable to the preliminary conference
unless inconsistent with the provisions of
this Rule.
The failure of the plaintiff to appear in the
preliminary conference shall be a cause for
the dismissal of his complaint. The
defendant who appears in the absence of
the plaintiff shall be entitled to judgment on
212
to
COMMON PROVISIONS
SEC. 18 Referral to Lupon. Cases
requiring referral to the Lupon for
conciliation under the provisions of
Presidential Decree No. 1508 where there is
216
for
for
(j) Reply;
(k) Third-party complaints; and
(l) Interventions.
SEC. 20. Affidavits. The affidavits
required to be submitted under this Rule
shall state only facts of direct personal
knowledge of the affiants which are
admissible in evidence, and shall show their
competence to testify to the matters stated
therein.
A violation of this requirement may subject
the party or the counsel who submits the
same to disciplinary action, and shall be
cause to expunge the inadmissible affidavit
or portion thereof from the record.
SEC. 21. Appeal. The judgment or final
order shall be appealable to the appropriate
regional trial court which shall decide the
same in accordance with Section 22 of
Batas Pambansa Blg. 129. The decision of
the regional trial court in civil cases
governed by this Rule, including forcible
entry and unlawful detainer, shall be
immediately executory, without prejudice to
a further appeal that may be taken
therefrom.
NOTE: That immediate execution requires
proof that the losing party has been served
with notice of judgment (Dy vs. CA, 191
SCRA 585) and that notice of the motion for
execution to the adverse party is required
( Limpo vs. CA, 333 SCRA 575)
SEC. 22. Applicability of the regular rules.
The regular procedure prescribed in the
Rules of Court shall apply to the special
cases herein provided for in a suppletory
capacity insofar as they are not inconsistent
herewith.
SEC. 23. Effectivity. This revised Rule
on Summary Procedure shall be effective on
November 15, 1991.
218
RULE 71 CONTEMPT
WHAT IS CONTEMPT
Willful disobedience or open disrespect of
the orders, authority, or dignity of a court or
judge acting in judicial capacity by disruptive
language or conduct or by failure to obey the
orders of the court
KINDS OF CONTEMPT
1.DIRECT CONTEMPT consists of
misbehaviour in the presence of or so near a
court as to obstruct or interfere with the
proceedings before the same, it includes,
disrespect, offensive personalities against
others, refusal to be sworn or answer as a
witness,
or
to
subscribe
to
an
affidavit/deposition when lawfully required to
do so.
This kind of contempt may be SUMMARILY
ADJUDGED and be punished by a fine not
exceeding P 2,000.00 or imprisonment of
not exceeding 10 days or BOTH if it be by a
Regional Trial Court or a fine not exceeding
P 200.00 or imprisonment not exceeding 1
day or BOTH if it be by a Municipal Trial
Court.
The remedy therefrom is certiorari/
prohibition, in which case the judgment is
suspended pending the petition provided the
petitioner files a bond fixed by the court
which
rendered
the
judgment
and
conditioned that he will abide by and
perform the judgment should the petition be
decided against him. 815
1.1It is direct contempt if a pleading contains
derogatory,
offensive
or
malicious
statements against a particular judge when
submitted in the same court where the judge
is presiding. If submitted elsewhere, it is
indirect contempt.816
CRIMINAL
AND
CIVIL