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CHAPTER
Since 2014, sweeping changes have characterized the power sector, including:
record addition to generation capacity and the comprehensive initiativeUjwal
DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY)to improve the health and performance of
the distribution companies. These changes provide the basis for discussing issues
of longer-term interest for the states and their power regulators. These include
reducing the complexity of tariff schedules that may prevent consumers from
fully responding to price signals, the impact of quality-adjusted tariffs on the
competitiveness of Indian industry, and the impediments to creating one market
for power. Finally, using insights from the optimal income taxation literature,
we provide illustrative estimates of the structure of consumer tariffs. The results
suggest the possibility of achieving reasonably greater progressivity in tariff
structures, with lower tariffs for the poor, while also ensuring cost recovery.
electricity deficit in the country to the
lowest ever level of 2.4 percent.
Introduction
11.1 Against the background of the many
positive changes that are sweeping the power
sector, this chapter attempts to make a few
analytical observations that are relevant
for the states, their regulators, and other
stakeholders.
11.2 Since the present government came to
power, the following striking developments
have taken place in the power sector: There has been the highest ever increase
in generation capacity (in 2014-15 the
addition to plant capacity in utilities was
26.5 GW, much higher than the average
annual addition of around 19 GW over
the previous five years). These measures
have helped in bringing down the peak
http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/one-nation-one-grid-now-one-price
116010100010_1.html
2
This was repeated subsequently on 14.01.2016 and 30.01.2016 to 01.02.2016.
1
153
Source: Ministry of Railways. State governments have challenged the decision in the Appellate Tribunal for
Electricity.
154
in
First three pages of the tariff schedule. The complete tariff schedule is longer, containing details of other charges which
different categories have to pay.
4
Ito, Koichiro, 2014, "Do Consumers Respond to Marginal or Average Price? Evidence from Nonlinear Electricity Pricing."
American Economic Review.
5
Data on AT from Niti Aayog, erstwhile Planning Commission Reports.
6
Data on ACS is from the Performance Report of State Power Utilities 2013-14, Power Finance Corporation (PFC).
3
155
LT-I:DOMESTIC (Telescopic)
LT I(A):Upto 50 Units/Month
LT I(B):>50 and upto 100 Units/
Month
First 50 Units
51-100 Units
LT I(C):>100 and upto 200 Units/
Month
First 50
51-100
101-150
151-200
LT I(D):Above 20 0 Units/Month
First 50
51-100
101-150
151-200
201-250
251-300
301-400
401-500
Above 500
LT-II:NON DOMESTIC/
COMMERCIAL
LT II(A):Upto 50 Units/Month
LT II(B):Above 50 Units/Month
First 50
51-100
101-300
301-500
Above 500
LT II(C):ADVERTISEMENT
HOARDINGS
LT-III:INDUSTRY
Industry (General)
Seasonal Industries (off season)
Pisciculture/Prawn culture
Sugarcane crushing
Poultry farms
Mushroom & Rabbit Farms
Floriculture in Green House
LT-IV:COTTAGE INDUSTRIES &
OTHERS
a) Cottage Industries upto 10 HP
b) Agro Based Activity upto 10 HP
7.25
2.50 33 kV
6.59
6.33
7.07
0.00 33 kV
132 kV & Above
6.62
6.20
3.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
5.68
5.23
4.81
33 kV
132 kV & Above
INDUSTRIAL COLONIES
11 kV
33 kV
3.70
3.70
5.64
6.16
6.69
4.59
5.64
6.16
4.00
6.86
4.70
9.90
6.02
5.57
5.15
5.96
5.96
5.96 Chipurupally
7.25
6.59
6.33
8.30
7.64
7.38
6.91
6.31
6.01
7.96
7.36
7.06
5.64
4.61
6.68
5.96
11.32
0.24
1.38
0.22
International Energy Agency, 2015 and data provided by the World Bank (2015).
Energy
Charge
(R /Unit)
156
World Banks Enterprise Survey of Industries (2013-14). Industrial tariffs are from the Planning Commission/
Niti Aayog.
8
In terms of quality of electricity supplied, India ranks 98 out of 140 countries in World Economic Forum-Global
Competitiveness Report 2015-16. India has an overall ranking of 55 in this report. The scores are on a scale of
1 to 7.
9
157
158
159
160
Filippini, M & S. Pachauri, 2004, Elasticities of Electricity Demand in Urban Indian Households, Energy
Policy. http://tinyurl.com/jmhrqhl
14
We have assumed that this optimization exercise should be accompanied by a simplification of the tariff schedule,
reflected in the fact that there are only three rates in the final optimal structure. Time of Day Tariffs proposed in
new National Tariff Policy provide a new degree of freedom in tariff design to the regulators.
13
161
162
1.9
4.5
1.2
4.8
2.5
4.4
Sri Lanka
4.2
4.2
Korea
5.3
7.1
Vietnam
1.7
7.0
Brazil
2.9
6.4
Conclusion
11.28 Impressive strides have been made
in the power sector over the last two years
including: The addition of record generation
capacity; moves to create one market in
power; long overdue reforms of discoms; and
energizing the development of the renewables
sector.