10.

Diet, Health and Risk, one

1.

Sunil has angina and has been recommended to control his diet to reduce his chance of a heart
attack.
(a)

Explain how atherosclerosis could cause the chest pain associated with an attack of
angina.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

The table below shows some of the relevant dietary information for assessing the content
of three alternative breakfasts that Sunil normally eats.
Meal

Energy
/kJ

Carbohydrate / g

Saturated
fatty acids / g

Unsaturated
fatty acids / g

Cholesterol
/mg

2 slices
of whole
wheat
toast

580

26

0.5

1.5

margarine

180

0.1

3.8

baked
beans

1113

52

0.25

0.5

78.1

1.75

5.8

Food

Total

2 slices
of white
toast

662

29

0.3

1.7

margarine

180

0.1

3.8

2 fried
eggs

772

0.8

210

29.9

5.3

13.5

210

Total

2 slices
of white
toast

662

29

0.3

1.7

margarine

180

0.1

3.8

2 slices of
cheddar
cheese

948
0.8

5.8

58

29.9

7.3

11.3

58

Total

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

(b)

(i)

Complete the table by calculating the total energy of each meal.

(1)

(ii)

Give the letter of the meal that contains the highest energy content.
Meal with highest energy content ...................
(1)

(iii)

Suggest which meal you would recommend to Sunil if he wishes to reduce his risk
of coronary heart disease. Explain the reasons for your choice.
...........................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

2.

The graph below shows the percentage of males and females that were classified as clinically
obese in a population between 1980 and 2000.
25
20
P e rc e n ta g e o f m a le s
a n d fe m a le s c la s s ifie d
a s c lin ic a lly o b e s e
(B M I g re a te r th a n 3 0 )

15

M a le s

10

F e m a le s

5
0

(a)

(i)

1980

1986

1991

1995

2000

Describe the trends shown on the graph.

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...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(3)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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2

10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

(ii)

Suggest reasons for these trends.

...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(b)

One way of defining obesity is to use the body mass index (BMI).
Calculate the BMI for an individual who weighs 76 kg and whose height is 1.70 metres
and state if this individual would be described as obese.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

Explain the links between obesity and health problems.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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3

10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

3.

(a)

If a person routinely takes in more energy from their food than they use up, they will have
a positive energy balance. This results in the person becoming overweight or even obese.
body mass
Body mass index (BMI) =
2

(i)

height 2

BMI (kg m )

Classification of body weight

less than 20

underweight

2024.9

normal

2529.9

overweight

3040

obese

greater than 40

severely obese

Calculate the body mass index for a person with a body mass of 95 kg and a height
of 1.70 m. Show your working.

Answer ............................
(2)

(ii)

Suggest and explain the advice a doctor might provide to a person with a BMI
value over 40.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(5)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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4

10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

(b)

An individuals estimated average requirement for energy (EAR) can be determined by

multiplying the basal metabolic rate (BMR) by the physical activity level (PAL).
EAR = BMR PAL
The graph, below, shows the effect of age on EAR values for males with low levels of
physical activity.
12
11
10

EA R
fo r
m a le s /
M J day

9
8
1

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

(i)

10

20

30
A g e / y e a rs

40

50

60

Use the graph to estimate the EAR of a 35 year old man with a low level of
physical activity.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

(ii)

The PAL value for a man with a low level of physical activity is 1.4.
Calculate the BMR for a 35 year old man with this level of physical activity.
Show your working.

Answer ...........................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

4.

Several risk factors influence the onset of coronary heart disease (CHD), including high blood
cholesterol level, high blood pressure and smoking. The chart shows the effect of combining
these three factors on the incidence of CHD.
700
In c id e n c e
of C H D
per
100 000
p e o p le

600
500
400
300
200
100
0

(a)

1
2
N u m b e r o f ris k fa c to rs

Describe the effect on the incidence of CHD of increasing the number of risk factors.
.....................................................................................................................................
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.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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6

10. Diet, Health and Risk, one

(b)

Explain how each of these risk factors can influence the onset of CHD.
High blood cholesterol ...............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
High blood pressure ....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
Smoking ......................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

AS Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health: Topic 1: Lifestyle health and Risk

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