Hints and Solution LOM

Laws of Motion
Solutions to Subjective Assignments

LEVEL I
1.
We find that the each of the blocks A & B experience following forces.
Forces acting on A :
(a) Earth's gravitational field force = weight of the block A = M1g
(b) Normal contact force exerted by the horizontal surface = N1.
(c) Contact force exerted by the block B = N
(d) The external horizontal force = F.
Forces acting on B :
(a) Earth's gravitational field force = weight of the block B = M2g
(b) Normal contact force exerted by the horizontal surface = N2.
(c) Contact force exerted by the block A = N
Both the blocks move together. Hence both will have same acceleration, let us
chose X-axis shown. There is no Y-axial acceleration as the blocks are not coming
off the surface. The F.B.D. diagram of A as a system is shown in figure (i) . The
F.B.D. of B as a system shown in figure (ii).
N1
N2
M1g
M2g
Fig. (i)
From figure (i),

For A,
N1 M1g = 0
F N = M1a
Fig. (ii)
(1)
(2)
From figure (ii)

N2 M2g = 0
(3)
For B,
N = M2a
(4)
Thus solving (1), (2), (3) and (4) We obtain
F
M2F
and N
a=
M1 M2
M1 M2
2.
Along vertical direction,

T cos = mg
Along horizontal direction
T sin = ma
Using (1) and (2) tan = a/g
T cos
(1)
(2)
T sin
mg
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RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-2
a = g tan
= 9.8 tan 30o
=
9. 8
3
m / s2
Therefore, acceleration of the trolley is

a=
3.
9 .8
3
m / s2 =5.7 m/s2.
The F.B.D. of m1 gives,

N1 = m1g Cos
T = m1g Sin
The F.B.D. of m2, gives,
N2 = m2g Cis
T = m2g Sin
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
N1
T
T
N2
m1
m2
m1 g cos
m1 g sin
m2 g cos
m2 g sin
Taking the ratio of (2) and (4),

m 1 Sin Sin 30o
1
2
1
=
.
o =
2
m2
Sin Sin 60
3
3
4.
m1
1
.
m2
3
Let the block be displaced to the left by x

the forces acting on the block will be kx to the right by both the springs
thus F = ma
5.
or
a=
F
2kx
m
m
fmax .2 1 9.8 N = 1.96 N

(a) When F = 1N then, F < fmax
and f = F
f = 1N
(b) When F = 1.96 N,
f = fmax = 1.96 N
F = fmax
(c) When F = 2.5 N

F > fmax
f = fk = kN
= kmg = 0.15 1 9.8

= 1.47 N.
6.
F = (m1 + m2)a
F
1
1
a=
=
m/s2
m1 m2 5 2
7
if the string breaks, m2 will move with constant velocity attained by it while m1 will
move with a acceleration
1
a =
m/s2
5
7.
(a) Angle of repose = tan1()
= tan1(0.3) = 16.7
(b) Frictional force = smgcos(/2)
8.
16.7
ffr = 0.3 cos
mg = 0.145 mg
(a) Let the normal contact force be N

F sin + N = mg
N = mg F sin
= 20 10 80 sin 300 = 160 N
m
N
fk
(b) F cos = 80 cos 30 = 40 3

fk = k N = (0.3 ) (160) = 48 N
0
(c) a = (Fcos - fk)/m =
mg
40 3 48
= 1.06 m/s2.
( 20 )
(d) F' cos = fk F' = fk sec = 48 (2 / 3) = (96/3) = 55.42 N

N
kN
9. Coefficient of friction, k = 0.14

N = 0.14
N mg cos = 0
mg sin - kN = ma
or,
mg (sin - k cos)
or,
a = g (sin - k cos )
The distance travelled by the body is given by
1 2
at =
2
cos
or,
t=
mg
2
2
a cos
g(sin k cos
for t to be a minimum,
dt
0
tan 2 = - 1/k
d
The minimum value of t is
1 k2 k
10.
Taking the differential element at any angular

position , we obtain
The net tangential force = (dm)g sin
.( ds ) g sin
l
R
d
dm
(dm)g
l .(Rd) g sin
0
MRg
sin d
l 0
MRg
cos 0 ,
=
l
where R = l = l/R .
Tangential acceleration =
Rg
(1 cos ) .
LEVEL II
1.
The forces acting on the particle are

mg (vertically downward) ma0 (pseudo
force vertically downward) N normal
reaction, normal to the inclined plane)
Resolving the forces along the
incline, we have
F = m (a0 + g) sin
acceleration down the plane
g
3g
g sin 300 =
4
2
a = (a0 + g) sin =
Distance traversed along the incline

1
3g 2
t
L sec = at 2 =
2
8
t=
8L sec 30
3g
16L
3 3g
2.
F
Motion of the body up the plane
F = mg sin + mg cos
m
mg sin
= mg[ sin + cos ]
mg cos
Motion of the body down the plane
F'= mg cos - mg sin
m
F'
mg cos
= mg |( cos - sin ) |
mg sin
Put = 0.2, = 300, & m = 2 kg
Note : If F' is negative alter its assumed direction.
3.
Acceleration of the man relative to the elevator = 2 m/s2 (upwards)

Acceleration of the elevator relative to earth = 3 m/s2 (downwards)
Hence, acceleration of the mass relative to earth = 3 2 = 1 m/s2 (downwards)
Consider free body diagram of man :
If T = tension in the spring ;
mg T = ma
50 10 T = 50 1
T = 450 N.
450
Hence, extension in the spring =
= 0.225 m.
2000
4.
mv
dv
mg
d
cos
=
ds =
ds
3
a
v
g
vdv =
cos d
3
a0
0
v2
g
sin
2
3a
2g
v=
sin .
3a
5.
Acceleration of a block sliding down an inclined

plane is given by
a = g ( - cos )
for 2 kg block 1 < 2 , hence a1 > a2
Hence the blocks move separately and with unequal
accelerations.
Acceleration of 2 kg block is
a = g(sin 30 0.2 cos 30)
= 10 (0.5 0.1732) = 3.27 m/s2
In case (b), when 1 = 0.3 and 2 = 0.2, the 2 kg block has less acceleration than
the 3 kg block.
Thus the blocks move together. When we draw the FBD and resolved the forces
along the plane, we get
F = (m1 + m2) g sin - (m1 + m22) g cos
a=
(m11 m2 2 )
F
g cos
= g sin m1 m2
m1 m2
= 10 sin 30 -
6.
7.
( 2 0 .3 4 0 .2 )
10 cos 30 = 2.97 m/s2
6
Initially
mg F = ma
. . . (i)
After releasing a mass (m)
F (m- m)g = (m - m) a . . .(ii)
Where F = upward thrust of air
By solving (i) and (ii) & putting mg = w,
obtain the answer.
Let there is no relative motion between
the blocks B and C
Hence
T = (mB + mC)a
(1)
And
mAg - T = mAa
(2)
From (1) and (2), we get
mA g
30 5
m / s2
a=
m A mB mC 18 3
Net force on the block C is

F = mCa = 10 (5/3) N = 16.6 N
F
a
mg
a
(m-m)g
F.B.D. of the blocks

NB
T
fr
mB g
NC
fr
mAg
NB+mCg
Since force acting on the block C is only frictional force.

If maximum value of frictional force acting on C is fmax , then
f(max) = mBg = 0.4 5 10 = 20 N
F fmax
Hence there is no relative motion between the block B and C. Therefore
distance moved by C is 2m only.
8.
Since string is massless and friction is absent hence tension in the string is
same, every where.
(a) Let acceleration of the pulley be aP. For aP to be
F
non zero. F 2T. . . (1)
also T m1g
T 2g
. . . (2)
From (1) and (2), we get
F 2 (2g)
T
T
F 40 N
Therefore when F = 35 N
aP = 0 and hence a1 = a2 = 0
(b) as mass of the pulley is negligible
F - 2T = 0
T = F/2
T = 35 N
To lift m2,
T m2g
T 50 N
Therefore block m2 will not
move
F.B.D. of m1
yP
m1
m2
y1
T = 35N
m1g = 20 N
T - m1g = m1a1
15 = 2a1
15
m / s2
a1 =
2
Constraint equation,
yP + yP - y1 = constant
2yP - y1 = c
aP =
d2 y p
dt 2
d2 y1
2 0
dt
a1 15
m / s2
2
4
(c) When F = 140 N

T = 70 N
F
T
m1
a1
m1
m1g
T - m1g = m1a1
(1)
70 N - 20 N = 2 a1
a1 = 25 m/s2
T - m2g = m2a2
70N - 50 N = 5a2
a2 = 4 m/s2
Constraint equation
yP - y2 + yP - y1 = c
2yP - y1 - y2 = c
9.
yP
m2
y1
y2
(1)
d2 y P d2 y 1 d2 y 2
2
2 2 0
dt
dt
dt
aP =
a1 a2 29
m / s2
2
2
Equation of motion for m:

Fx = ma N = ma
(1)
Fy = 0 Since m is at rest relation to M at the verge of
slipping.
f mg = 0
Equation of motion for M:
F N N = Ma
mg
mg
,
Where N =
,a=
(4)
a
N
a
N
mg
N
a
and since the block
M does not have vertically motion.

N = Mg + f
Putting values of N, N and a in (4), we obtain
F (Mg + f) N = Ma
F - (Mg + mg) ma = Ma
F - g (M + m) = (M + m)a
F g(M m)
a=
Mm
f fmax
mg N
mg ma
N
N
Mg
F g(M m)
Mm
(M + m) g F - 2 g (M + m)
2g(M + m) - F + (M + m) g 0
22 - 5 + 2 0
For critical,
22 - 5 + 2 = 0
( - 2) (2 - 1) = 0
1
= 2 or =
2
Practically does not become 2.
= 0.5.
g .
10.
Let x1 distance of the pulley (wedge)

from the wall.
x2 distance of the bar from the pulley.
Therefore
x1 + x2 = l
d2 x1
dt 2
d2 x1
dt 2
x2
d2 x 2
dt 2
Acceleration of the bar
a cos
dt 2
d2 x 2
dt 2
a sin
= a (say).
Net acceleration of wedge along the

horizontal surface = a
(1)
Net acceleration of bar along the horizontal
surface figure (i)
= a comp. of acceleration of bar w.r.t.
wedge
= a a cos
(2)
Vertically downward = a sin
(3)
Forces on wedge and bar are shown
separately in figure (ii) and fig. (iii)
respectively (iv) and (v).
From the F.B.D. of the wedge
Along the chosen X-direction
T + N1 sin T cos = Ma
(4)
along Y-direction
For bar
wedge
=
x1
acceleration of wedge
d2 x 2
acceleration of the bar, w.r.t.
dt 2
d2 x1
T
N1
T
a
Mg
N1
a-acos
a sin
mg
N1 cos + T sin + Mg N = 0 (5)

From the F.B.D. of the bar along X-direction
cos N1 sin = m (a a cos ) (6)
For Wedge: along Y-direction
mg N1 cos T sin = m a sin (7)
From equations (4), (5), (6) and (7)
eliminating other quantities we can find a.The
problem can be solved by choosing X-Y axis
for the system along and normal to the
surface of wedge. Just do by yourself.
N1 cos
T sin
T cos
N1 sin
a-a cos
mg
a sin
N
T
N1 sin
T cos
N1 cos
T sin Mg
Solutions to Objective Assignments

LEVEL I
2.
F
F

3
3m
T2 = ma = m
F T1 = ma
T1 = F - ma
F
2F
=F3
3
T2
F/3
1
T1 2F / 3 2
3.
T2
T2
The contact force F' accelerates the body

of mass m1 = 2 kg with an acceleration
F
3
1m / s
a=
m1 m2 1 2
F = m1a = 1 1 = 1N.
Fimpact
Y
m
T1
T1
m2
m1
1 kg
2 kg
F'
m1
v( dm / dt )
(5)(1)
=
= 2.5m/s2.
m
2
4.
a=
5.
In uniform circular motion Fv where F is the centripetal force

1
KE = mv 2 cons tan t
2
6.
The net force F = M1g sin - M2 g sin

= (M1 sin - M2 sin )g
When M1 = M2 and 1 = 2 ,
the net force is zero.
The acceleration of the system = 0
7.
Using the expression obtained in question no. 1

We obtain = 1- (1/n2), putting n = 2
we obtain = 0.75
8.
The acceleration of m along the plane is

g sin because the inclined plane is smooth
The component of the tension T parallel
to the inclined plane is zero. The only
driving force is component of gravitational
force mg parallel to the plane, that is equal
to mg sin .
Therefore, for the equilibrium of the body,
mg cos = T.
a
X
mg sin
mg cos
mg
9.
Since block has been pushed and is brought to motion hence kinetic friction will
act
mgsin fr = ma
fr = 2mgcos
gsin 2g cos = a
a = g(sin 2cos)
10.
a=
mass
v ( v )
=
m
=
11.
Fimpact
v(dm / dt )
m
v 2
(numerically)
m
Following the previous

procedure
F T2 = m3a
F
F T2 = m3
m1 m2 m3
T2 =
(m1 m2 )F
m1 m2 m3
T2 =
(1 8)
36 9 N
(1 8 27)
12.
Change in linear momentum = impulse

= Area of F/t graph
= (1/2) 8 1 = 4 kg-m/s. (or N - s.)
13.
Equation of laws of motion for M :

T = Ma
. . . (i)
Equation of laws of motion for M:
F T = ma
. . . .(ii)
Eliminating (a) in (i) & (ii) obtain
MF
T=
Mm
14.
a
m1
T1
a
T2
m2
T1
T2
m3
F
a
m
a
M
a
T
The tension = weight of the chain of length x

= mg
lx
M
.
(l x )g = Mg
=
l
l
15.
For the equilibrium of the body m.

T cos = mg
For horizontal acceleration of m:
T sin = ma
T cos
T sin
T sin
ma
T cos
mg
= tan1 (a/g).
16.
17.
For equilibrium of the body (block)

f mg = 0
f = mg = (0.1) (9.8) = 0.98 N
The maximum frictional force
= fmax = N = (0.5)(5) = 2.5 N
Since fmax > mg, the block remains in
equilibrium and the necessary frictional force
developed is equal to mg.
The maximum force between ground
and B = (mA + mB) g
fmax = (0.5) (2 + 8) (10) = 50 N
mg
f
N
N
mg
Since the dragging force is F = 25 N

Therefore the system does not move that
means the accelerations of A and B will be
zero.
The frictional force between
A and B = 0.
18.
Fav =
P
t
10
2mv
100 100
2
5
=
=
=
1000
t
1000
0.01
= 10 N.
19.
20.
T
,
M
where F T = Ma
T = F Ma
F Ma
F
a.
a' =
M
M
a' =
a'
A
a
B
Using the expression obtained in question no. 1.

1
1 cot
cot = 1 -
1
n2
= 1 2 tan .
n
LEVEL II
1.
Acceleration of M, a
2.
1F 2
.t
2M
2Ml
.
t
F
Mg T = Ma (i)
T = ma (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
Mg
a
(M m)
l
N
a
M g
FBD of man
Mg N = Ma
Mmg
N
(M m)
3.
M' g T M'a
T = Ma
(i)
(ii)
M' g a(M M')

M' g
a
(M M')
ma sin mg cos
a g cot
R
T
M g
M' g
(M M')
cot M cot M' M'
gcot
M'
Mcot
(1 cot )
T=Ma
= M. g cot
Mg
.
tan
m a sin
m a
m g c o s
4.
5.
m g s in
+ m acos
If the tendency of relative motion along the common tangent does not exist, then
component of contact force along common tangent will be zero.
For the two values of F, i.e., F = 150 N and F = 120 N; the tensions in the string are
F
= 75 N and 60 N. In the first case, the accelerations of the two masses are equal
2
and opposite, while in the second the accelerations are zero.

6.
T1 = 2 mg
F = 9 mg
(a), (b).
(i)
(ii)
2m g
2m g
F
7.
kx = 120 N,
9.
10.
2 m g
2 m g
m g
200 120
4 m / s2 .
20
120
20kg
200
Since there is relative acceleration between the frames.

S1 may be at rest S2 is accelerating
S1 may be acceleration and S2 is at rest
S1 and S2 both are accelerating with difference acceleration
S1 and S2 both cannot be at rest.
r
N1 m | a1 | sin mgcos
N 1 + m | a 1 |s i n
m | a1 |
| a1 |
m g s i n + m | a 1 |c o s
m g c o s
r
N1 m g cos | a1 | sin
r
N1 sin M | a1 |
FBD of m
N 1+ m | a 1 |s in
m g sin
m gcos
N 2 mg N1 cos
r
N 2 mg m(g cos | a1 | sin ) cos
N 2 (M m)g .
N
N 1s in
N 1c o s
m g
COMPREHENSION
1.
mv 2
S mg , since friction is static.
r
2.
Normal reaction decreases, and so the limiting friction is lower.
3.
Net force = f D = 0.
4. to 6.
F.B.D. of man
N
T
M g
N + T Mg = Ma
With N = Mg
T = Ma (i)
F.B.D. of box :
T
a
( m + m ) g
T N mg mg
= (m + m)a (ii)
Where M = 60 kg,
m = 20 kg, m = 30 kg
Solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
a = 110 ms1
T = 6600 N.
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1.
When body is at rest then friction is static and if body is moving then friction on it is
kinetic.

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Hints and Solution LOM

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Laws of Motion

Solutions to Subjective Assignments

From figure (i),

From figure (ii)

Along vertical direction,

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-2

Therefore, acceleration of the trolley is

The F.B.D. of m1 gives,

Taking the ratio of (2) and (4),

Let the block be displaced to the left by x

fmax .2 1 9.8 N = 1.96 N

(c) When F = 2.5 N

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-3

= kmg = 0.15 1 9.8

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-4

(a) Angle of repose = tan1()

ffr = 0.3 cos

(a) Let the normal contact force be N

(b) F cos = 80 cos 30 = 40 3

(c) a = (Fcos - fk)/m =

(d) F' cos = fk F' = fk sec = 48 (2 / 3) = (96/3) = 55.42 N

9. Coefficient of friction, k = 0.14

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-5

Taking the differential element at any angular

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-6

The forces acting on the particle are

Distance traversed along the incline

Acceleration of the man relative to the elevator = 2 m/s2 (upwards)

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-7

Acceleration of a block sliding down an inclined

Net force on the block C is

F.B.D. of the blocks

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-8

Since force acting on the block C is only frictional force.

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-9

(c) When F = 140 N

Equation of motion for m:

and since the block

M does not have vertically motion.

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-10

Let x1 distance of the pulley (wedge)

Net acceleration of wedge along the

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-11

N1 cos + T sin + Mg N = 0 (5)

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-12

Solutions to Objective Assignments

The contact force F' accelerates the body

In uniform circular motion Fv where F is the centripetal force

The net force F = M1g sin - M2 g sin

Using the expression obtained in question no. 1

The acceleration of m along the plane is

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-13

Following the previous

Change in linear momentum = impulse

Equation of laws of motion for M :

The tension = weight of the chain of length x

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-14

For the equilibrium of the body m.

For equilibrium of the body (block)

Since the dragging force is F = 25 N

Using the expression obtained in question no. 1.

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-15

M' g a(M M')

RSM79-P1-LOM (S) -PH-16