Multivariable calculus, 2007-03-15.

Per-Sverre Svendsen, Tel.035 - 167 615/0709 - 398 526.

Minimum requirements: Grade 5: 27p, 4: 21p, 3: 15p.
You are allowed to use one unmarked, ordinary (non-mathematical) dictionary of your choice.
No additional material is allowed.
1. Find an equation of the plane tangent to the surface arctan(x + y z 2 ) + x + y = 4
at the point (1, 3, 2).
2. Calculate the directional derivative of f (x, y, z) =

xyz
x2 + y 2

at the point P = (1, 1, 1) and in the direction (from P ) towards Q = (2, 3, 1).

(2p)

3. The equation x3 + yz xz 2 = 2 implicitly defines a function z = f (x, y)

for which f (2, 1) = 2. Calculate fx (2, 1).
4. Calculate

ZZ

(2p)

(2p)

x dx dy , A = {(x, y) R2 | x2 + y 2 3y , x 0}.

(3p)

ln(x2 4y 2 ) dx dy , D = {(x, y) R2 | 1 x + 2y 2, 1 x 2y 2}.

(3p)

5. Calculate

ZZ
D

6. Calculate the area of the part of the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 for which z

2
.
3

(3p)

7. Find the (absolute) minimum and maximum values of g(x, y) = x2 y 2 2x + 4y

on the set = {(x, y) R2 | 0 y x + 2, x 2}.
8. Find the (absolute) minimum and maximum values of f (x, y, z) = x y + z 2
subject to the constraint x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1.
9. Calculate

ZZZ
K

(5p)

(5p)

p
z
dx dy dz , K = {(x, y, z) R3 | x2 + y 2 + z 2 1 , z x2 + y 2 } . (5p)
2
2
1+x +y

Reference formulas and equations in Multivariable Calculus

Trigonometry and Logarithms

xy
xy
cos
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x cos y = 2 sin
sin
2
2
x+y
xy
cos x + cos y = 2 cos
cos
2
2

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

sin x sin y = 2 sin

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
cot x cot y 1
cot (x y) =
cot x + cot y
tan (x y) =

2 sin x sin y = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

2 cos x cos y = cos(x y) + cos(x + y)

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x = 2 cos2 x 1 = 1 2 sin2 x 2 sin x cos y = sin(x y) + sin(x + y)

ln x + ln y = ln xy

ln x ln y = ln

ln xa = a ln x

(x, y > 0)

x
y

Standard limits
lim x loga x = 0 (a > 1, > 0)

x0+

sin x
=1
x
ln(1 + x)
=1
lim
x0
x
x
e 1
=1
lim
x0
x
lim

x0

ax
= (a > 1)
x x

x
lim
= (a > 1, > 0)
x loga x
an
lim
=0
n n!
lim

Basic derivatives
f (x)

f (x)

xa

axa1

ax

ax ln a

ln |x|

1
x

sin x

cos x

cos x

sin x

tan x

1 + tan2 x =

arcsin x
arccos x
arctan x


p


ln x + x2 + 

x2 + +

1
2x

ln x + x2 + 

1 x2
1

1 x2
1
1 + x2
1

x2 +
p
x2 +

1
cos2 x

Taylor Series
Taylors formula for a function f : R R
f (a + h) = f (a) + f (a) h +

X
f (n) (a) n
f (a) 2
h + =
h
2
n!
n=0

Table of particular expansions (a = 0, h x)

1.

X
1
xk = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + (1 < x < 1)
=
1x
k=0

2. (x + 1) = 1 + x +

3. ex =

( 1) 2
( 1)( 2) 3
x +
x + (1 < x < 1)
2
23

X
1
1
1 k
x = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +
k!
2
6

k=0

4. sin x =

X
(1)k+1 2k1
1
1 5
x
= x x3 +
x
(2k 1)!
6
120

k=1

5. cos x =

X
1
1
(1)k 2k
x = 1 x2 + x4
(2k)!
2
24

k=0

6. ln(x + 1) =

X
1
1
(1)k+1 k
x = x x2 + x3 (1 < x 1)
k
2
3

k=1

7. arctan x =

k=1

(1)k+1 2k1
1
1
x
= x x3 + x5 (1 x 1)
(2k 1)
3
5

Taylors formula for a function f : R2 R


1 2
h fxx (a, b) + 2hkfxy (a, b) + k 2 fyy (a, b) + =
f (a + h, b + k) = f (a, b) + h fx (a, b) + kfy (a, b) +
2

X
1 
n
h
f (x, y)(a,b)
+k
n!
x
y
n=0

Tangent plane
Function z = f (x, y)
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, f (a, b))
z = f (a, b) + fx (a, b)(x a) + fy (a, b)(y b)
Level surface F (x, y, z) = C
Equation of tangent plane through the point (a, b, c)
Fx (a, b, c)(x a) + Fy (a, b, c)(y b) + Fz (a, b, c)(z c) = 0

Directional derivative
The directional derivative of a function f : R3 R at the point (a, b, c) and direction u (|u| = 1)
Dfu (a, b, c) = u f (a, b, c) = u (fx (a, b, c), fy (a, b, c), fz (a, b, c)).

Double Integrals
General substitution
Assume a one-to-one mapping between a region D in the xy-plane and a region Duv in the uv-plane

x = x(u, v)
u = u(x, y)

v = v(x, y)
y = y(u, v)
Then

ZZ

f (x, y) dxdy =

with

ZZ

Duv



 xu
(x, y)

= 

(u, v)
 yu

 (x, y) 


f (x(u, v), y(u, v)) 
 dudv,
(u, v)



xv 
 6= 0.

yv 

Polar coordinates

x = r cos

r sin

(x, y)
= r,
(r, )

ZZ

f (x, y) dxdy =

ZZ

f (r cos , r sin ) rdr d

Dr

Triple Integrals
General substitution
As above assume a one-to-one mapping between points (x, y, z) in and (u, v, w) in uvw .
ZZ
ZZ
 (x, y, z) 


f (x(u, v, w), y(u, v, w), z(u, v, w)) 
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
 dudvdw,
(u, v, w)

with

uvw

(x, y, z)
6= 0
(u, v, w)

Spherical coordinates

x = sin cos

y = sin sin

z =
cos
(x, y, z)
= 2 sin
(, , )
ZZZ
ZZZ
f (x, y, z) dxdydz =
f ( sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 2 sin d d d

Line Integrals
Line integral with respect to arc length
Given a parametrized curve C : r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b and a function f : R3 R.
Z
C

f (x, y, z) ds =

Zb

f (x(t), y(t), z(t))

(x (t))2 + (y (t))2 + (z (t))2 dt, (ds = d|r|)

Surface Integrals
General parametrized surface
S : r = r(u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v), z(u, v)), (u, v) D.
ZZ
ZZ
 r
r 


f (x, y, z) dS =
f (r(u, v)) 
 dudv
u v
S

Function graph z = h(x, y)

S : r = (x, y, z) = (x, y, h(x, y)), (x, y) Sxy .
ZZ
ZZ
q
f (x, y, h(x, y)) 1 + h2x + h2y dxdy
f (x, y, z) dS =
S

Sxy