Title:

Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Part II

Introduction:
A primary objective is to learn the application of some basic MATLAB commands and
how to apply them in simple digital signal processing problems. The processing
algorithm consists of performing a combination of basic operations such as addition,
multiplication, time-reversal, delaying, and product operation.

Theory and Methodology:

Digital signal processing is concerned with the processing of a discrete-time signal,
called the input signal, to develop another discrete-time signal, called the output signal,
with more desirable properties. In certain applications, it may be necessary to extract
some key properties of the original signal using specific digital signal processing
algorithms. It is also possible to investigate the properties of a discrete-time system by
observing the output signals for specific input signals. It is thus important to learn how to
generate some discrete-time signals in the time domain using MATLAB and perform
elementary operations on them. In this experiment we will focus on some simple
operations, like addition, multiplication, etc.

Unit Sample Sequence:

The unit sample sequence i3s defined as the sequence
[n] =
The unit sample sequence plays the same role for discrete-time signals and systems that
the unit impulse function (Dirac delta function) does for continuous-time signals and
systems. For convenience, we often refer to the unit sample sequence as a discrete-time
impulse or simply as an impulse.

Unit Step Sequence:

The unit step sequence is defined as
u[n] =

The unit step is related to the unit impulse by

that is, the value of the unit step sequence at (time) index n is equal to the accumulated
sum of the value at index n and all previous values of the impulse sequence.

Energy:
The energy of a sequence x[n] is defined by
E=

Apparatus:
Matlab.

Precautions:
Use following matlab commands in the M-file before starting the lab.
Clear all
Close all

1) Signal Addition:
Code:

Command Window:

Plot:

2) Signal Multiplication:
Code:

Command Window:

Plot:

3) Time Shifting of Sequences:

Code:

Command Window:

Plot:

4) Folding of Sequences:
Code:

Command Window:

Plot:

5) Sample Summation:
Code:

6) Sample Products:
Code:

7) Signal Energy:
Code:

Answer To Report Questions:

Question 2. x(n) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,5,4,3,2,1}. Determine and plot the following

sequence.
a. x1(n) = 2x(n-5) 3x(n+4)
Answer:
Code:

Plot:

b. x2(n) = x(3-n) + x(n)x(n-2)

Answer:
Code:

Plot:

Discussions:
The experiment was done in order to learn the characteristics of discrete time
signals and systems. The coding was done accordingly to get the desired results.
Conclusions:
The experiment was performed successfully and the results were found
accordingly.
Reference(s):
John G. Proakis, and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall
of India, 4th Edition, New Delhi, 2003.