Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Beta-lactamase Inhibitors
Carbapenems
Aztreonam
Polymycin
Bacitracin
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Drugs
Indications (**Drug
of Choice)
Toxicity
Penicillin
Penicillin G
Aqueous penicillin G
Procaine penicillin G
Benzathine penicillin G
Penicillin V
Strep. pyogenes
(Grp.A)**
Step. agalactiae
(Grp.B)**
C.
perfringens(Bacilli)
**
Hypersensitivity
reaction
Hemolytic
anemia
Aminopenicillins
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Above +
Gram-negative:
E. faecalis**
E. Coli**
Above
Penicillinase-resistantpenicillins
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Above +
PCNaseproducingStaph.
aureus
Above +
Interstitial
nephritis
Antipseudomonal
penicillins
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Above +
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa**
Above
Cephalosporins
(bactericidal: inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis via competitive inhibition of the
transpeptidase enzyme)
1st generation
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Staph. aureus**
Staph.
epidermidis**
Some Gramnegatives:
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Allergic reaction
Coombs-positive
anemia (3%)
2nd generation
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Above +
Gram-negative
Allergic Reaction
ETOH Disulfiram
reaction
3rd generation
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cef
azidime
Cefepime (4th
generation)
Above +
Gram-negative
Allergic Reaction
ETOH Disulfiram
reaction
Pseudomonas
Other Cell Wall Inhibitors
Vancomycin
(bactericidal: disrupts
peptioglycan crosslinkage)
Vancomycin
MRSA**
PCN/Ceph
allegies**
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
Red man
syndrome
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Beta-lactamase
Inhibitors
(bactericidal: blocking
cross linking)
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
S aureus**
S epidermis**
E.Coli**
Klebsiella**
Hypersensitivity
Reaction
Hemolytic
anemia
Carbapenems
Imipenem (+ cilastatin)
Meropenem
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Broadest activity of
any antibiotic
(except MRSA,
Mycoplasma)
Aztreonam
Aztreonam
Gram-negative rods
Aerobes
Hospital-acquired
infections
Polymyxins
Polymyxin B
Polymyxin E
Bacitracin
Bacitracin
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Aerobic GramNephrotoxicity
negatives
Ototoxicity
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas
Tetracyclines
(bacteriostatic: blocks
tRNA)
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
Demeclocycline
Rickettsia
Mycoplasma
Spirochetes (Lyme's
disease)
Hepatotoxicity
Tooth
discoloration
Impaired growth
Avoid in children
< 12 years of age
Streptococcus
H. influenzae
Mycoplamsa
pneumonia
Coumadin
Interaction
(cytochrome
P450)
Chloramphenicol
(bacteriostatic)
Chloramphenicol
H influenzae
Aplastic Anemia
Bacterial Meningitis Gray Baby
Brain absces
Syndrome
Lincosamide
(bacteriostatic: inhibits
peptidyl transferase by
interfering with amino
acyl-tRNA complex)
Clindamycin
Bacteroides fragilis
S aureus
Coagulase-negative
Staph & Strep
Excellent Bone
Penetration
Linezolid
(variable)
Linezolid
Resistant Grampositives
Streptogramins
Quinupristin
Dalfopristin
VRE
GAS and S. aureus
skin infections
Pseudomembrano
us colitis
Hypersensitivity
Reaction
Nalidixic acid
Steptococcus
Mycoplasma
Aerobic Gram +
Phototoxicity
Achilles tendon
rupture
Impaired fracture
healing
2nd generation
Ciprofloxacin
Norfloxacin
Enoxacin
Ofloxacin
Levofloxacin
As Above
+Pseudomonas
as above
3rd generation
Gatifloxacin
As above + Grampositives
as above
4th generation
Moxifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
As above + Grampositives +
anaerobes
as above
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Anaerobics
Seizures
Crebelar
dysfunction
ETOH disulfram
reaction
Rifampin
Rifampin
(bactericidal: inhibits RNA
transcription by inhibiting
RNA polymerase)
Staphylococcus
Body fluid
Mycobacterium (TB discoloration
)
Hepatoxicity
(with INH)
Isoniazidz
TB
Latent TB
Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine
Malaria
T. gondii
Bacteria Overview
Gram Postive Cocci
Staphylococcus
Staph. aureus
MSSA
MRSA
Staph. epidermis
Staph saprophyticus
Streptococcus
Strep pneumoniae
Strep pyogenes (Group A)
Strep agalacticae (Group B)
Strep viridans
Strep Bovis (Group D)
Enterococci
Spore Forming
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile
Non-Spore Forming
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram Negative Cocci
Thrombocytopeni
a
Avoid in third
trimester of
pregnancy
Neisseria
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram Negative Bacilli
Enterics
Escherichia coli
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella enteridis
Shigella dysenteriae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia
Proteus
Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus/vulnificus
Helicobacter pylori
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteroides fragilis
Respiratory bacilli
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilius ducreyi
Bordatella pertussis
Zoonotic bacilli
Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis
Brucella
Francisella tularensis
Pasteurella multocida
Bartonella henselae
Other
Gardnerella vaginalis
Other Bacteria
Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae
MOTTS
Spirochetes
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospira interrogans
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydiaceae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila
Rickettsia
Ehrlichia
Mycoplasmataceae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Fungus-like Bacteria
Actinomyces israelii
Nocardia
e.g. MRSA
Salmonella
Staph epidermidis
Ribosome alteration
o
Penicillins
Mechanism
o
natural
penicillinase-resistant
penicillin G
methicillin (Staphcillin)
aminopenicillins
Cephalosporins
Overview
o
bactericidal
Mechanism
o
first generation
second generation
cefaclor (Ceclor)
third generation
cefriazone (Rocephin)
fourth generation
cefepime (Maxipime)
Fluoroquinolones
Mechanism
Side effects
o
ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
Aminoglycosides
Mechanism
o
bactericidal
gentamicin (Garamycin)
Vancomycin
Coverage
o
gram-positive bacteria
Mechanism
o
bactericidal
Resistance
o
Rifampin
Pneumococcal immunization
Influenza immunization