1.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

FORM
Affirmative:
To be = am/is/are
I, We, You, They +verb bare
He, She, It + Verb (s/es)
Negative:
I am not
He / She/ It is not (isnt)
We/ You/They are not (arent)
I/ We/You/They + DONOT ( dont)+ Vo
He/She/It + DOESNOT (doesnt) + Vo
Interrogative:
DO+ I/You/ We/ They + Verb?
DOES + He/She/ IT + Verb?
Examples:
(+) I am a student.
(-) I am NOT a student
(?) Am I a student?
(+) Mary gets up early.
(-) Mary DOES NOT get up early
(-) DOES Mary get up early

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

USAGE
1. For a general truth
Ex: The sun rises in the East
I am a student
2.For habits which happen and repeat in the
present
Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle
I get up early every morning

ADVERBS OF TIME
Adverb of frequency Often, usually,
frequently, always, constantly,
sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely,
every day, monthly, yearly, daily, once a
day/month/ year, twice a day/month/
year....
POSITION OF ADVERB OF
FREQUENCY::
1.BEFORE MAIN VERBS
2. AFTER TOBE
Ex:
She is ALWAYS sick
She ALWAYS get sick

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:
I AM + V-ING
HE, SHE, IT + IS + V-ING
WE, YOU, THEY + ARE +V-ING

1.Action are happening in the present time at

the moment of speaking
Ex:
The children are playing football now?
What are you doing at the moment?

Adverb of time:
Now
At the moment
At this time
At present

Negative:
S+ AM/IS/ARE + NOT + V-ING
Interrogative:
AM/IS/ARE + S + V-ING?

2. An action happens in near future

I am flying to New York tomorrow

In Imperative Structure
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping

Examples:
(+) Mary is going to school
(-) Mary IS NOT going to school
(-) IS Mary going to shool?

Note:
Ch dng TH HIN TI N / QU
KH N v khng dng TH HIN TI
TIP DIN/ QU KH TIP DIN vi
cc NG T TRI GIC V NG T
CH NHN THC nh sau:
See, hear, understand, know, like, want,
glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize,
seem, remember, forget
She wants to go for a walk now
NOT: she is wanting to go for a walk now

3. THE PRESENT PERFECT

FORM
Affirmative:
I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE + V3/ED
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + V3/ED

USAGE
1.An action that began in the past and
continues up to the present time
Ex:
Mary has lived in this house for 10 years

ADVERB OF TIME
Adverb of time:
+ just: va mi, gn y ( ng sau
have/has)
+recently: gn y (ng sau have/has

Negative:
I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE NOT (HAVENT) + V3/ED
HE/SHE/IT + HAS NOT (HASNT) + V3/ED
Interrogative:
HAVE + I/YOU/WE/THEY + V3/ED?

2. A past action still an effect upon something

at the present
Ex
He has broken his leg, so he cant play tennis.

HAS + HE/SHE/IT + V3/ED?

Examples:
(+) Mary HAS READ book for 2 hours
(-) Mary HASNT READ book for 2 hours
(?) HAS Mary READ book for 2 hours?

hoc cui cu)

+lately: gn y ( ng cui cu)
+ never: cha bao gi (ng sau have/has)
+ yet: cha ( ch ng cui cu v dng
trong khng nh v nghi vn)
+ for
+since
+ ever: tng
+ already: ri ( ng sau have/has hoc
ng cui cu)
+ so far, until now, up to now, up to the
present: cho n by gi
+ It is / This is the first time/ the second
times/ the three times....
+ IN STRUCTURE OF SUPERLATIVE
COMPARISON
Ex: It is the most boring film I have ever
seen
SINCE AND FOR:
SINCE: for a point of time
FOR: for a period of time
Ex:
I have studied English for 3 years
I have studied English since 1999
After SINCE, use SIMPLE PAST
Ex: I havent seen her since she was a little
girl

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:
I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE + BEEN + V-ING
HE/SHE/IT + HAS + BEEN + V-ING

Use alike the Present Perfect, but emphasize

the continuation of an action

Negative:
I/WE/YOU/THEY + HAVE NOT (HAVENT) +
BEEN + V-ING
HE/SHE/IT + HAS NOT (HASNT) + BEEN + VING
Interrogative:
HAVE + I/YOU/WE/THEY + BEEN + V-ING?
HAS + HE/SHE/IT + BEEN + V-ING?
Examples:
(+) Mary HAS BEEN READING book for 2 hours
(-) Mary HASNT BEEN READING book for 2
hours
(?) HAS Mary BEEN READING book for 2 hours?
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
FORM
Affirmative:
S + V2/ V_ED
TOBE: WAS/ WERE
Negative:
S + DIDNOT (DIDNT) + V
TOBE:
WAS NOT = WASNT
WERE NOT = WERENT
Interrogative:
DID + S + V?
WAS / WERE + S?

USEAGE
1.used to express an action that happened
finished in the past
Ex:
He died at 1980
Tom went to Paris last summer

ADVERB OF TIME
Last week/ month/ year....
Yesterday
Ago ( 2 days ago, 15 minutes ago..)
This is the last time...
Once
Before
Once upon a time: ngy xa ngy xa
In + mc thi gian qu kh

Examples:
(+) I was at my university
(-) I wasnt at my university
(?) Were you at your university?
(+) I went to Vung Tau yesterday
(-) I didnt go to Vung Tau yesterday
(?) Did you go to Vung Tau yesterday?
6. THE PAST CONTINUOUS
FORM
Affirmative:
I/ HE/SHE/IT + WAS + V-ING
WE/YOU/THEY +WERE+V-ING
Negative:
S + WAS/WERE + NOT + V-ING
WAS NOT = WASNT
WERE NOT = WERENT

USAGE
1.used to put emphasis on the course of an
action at a specific time in the past
Ex:
I was doing my homework at 6pm last
Saturday

ADVERBS OF TIME
When
While
Yesterday
A specific time in the past: at 8pm
yesterday.

Interrogative:
WAS/ WERE + S + V-ING?
Example:
(+) I was working yesterday
(-) I wan not working yesterday
(?) Were you working yesterday?

7. THE PAST PERFECT

FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:
S+ HAD + V3/V_ED

Used to indicate that one action occurred and

completed before another action in the past

Negative:
S + HAD NOT (HADNT) + V3/V_ED

Ex:
When I got up this morning, my father had
already left

When
Before
After
Just, already

Interrogative:
HAD + S + V3/V_ED?
Example:
(+) I had lived in Hue before 1975
(-) I had not lived in Hue before 1975
(?) Had you lived in Hue before 1975

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FORM
Affirmative:
S+ HAD +BEEN + V-ING
Negative:
S + HAD NOT (HADNT) + BEEN + V_ING
Interrogative:
HAD + S + BEEN + V_ING?
Example:
(+) I had been living in Hue before 1975
(-) I had not been living in Hue before 1975
(?) Had you been living in Hue before 1975

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Used to indicate that one action occurred and

When
completed before another action in the past and Before
often have a duration of time in the past
After
Just, already
Ex:
They had been living in London for 10 years
when I met them

9. SIMPLE FUTURE
FORM

USAGE

ADVERBS OF TIME

Affirmative:
You, He, She, I, They + WILL + V1
I, We + Will/ Shall + V1

1.used to indicate an action that will happen

after the moment of speaking or a prediction in
the future

Tomorrow, today, late today, in five minutes,

in two hours, on Monday, someday, next,
soon, this year....

Negative:
S + WILL/ SHALL + NOT + V1
Will not = wont
Shall not = shant

Ex: I will go to USA next month

NOTE: KHNG DNG TH TNG LAI

SAU CC LIN T CH THI GIAN.
CH DNG TH HIN TI N/ HIN
TI HON THNH DIN T HNH
NG TRONG TNG LAI

Interrogative:
WILL/SHALL +S + V1?
Example:
(+) I will come back next week
(-) I will not come back next week
(?) Will I come back next week ?

10. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM
Affirmative:
S + WILL/SHALL + BE+V-ING
Negative:
S + WILL/ SHALL + NOT + BE + V-ING
Will not = wont
Shall not = shant
Interrogative:
WILL/SHALL +S + BE + V-ING?
Example:

Ex: While / When/ As soon as/ she is reading

a book, I will listen to music.

USAGE)

ADVERBS OF TIME

Used to put emphasis on the course of an action At this time tomorrow, today, late today, in
at a specific time in the future
five minutes, in two hours, on Monday,
someday, next, soon, this year....
Ex. Andrew cant go to the party. Hell be
working all day tomorrow.
.

(+) He will be doing research at this time tomorrow

(-) He will not be doing research at this time
tomorrow
(?) Will he be doing reseach at this time tomorrow?

11. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

FORM
Affirmative:
S + WILL/SHAL + HAVE +V3/ED
Negative:
S+WILL/SHAL+NOT+HAVE+V3/ED
Will not = wont
Shall not = shant

USAGE
Used to express an action that will be
completed before a specific point of time in the
future

ADVERB OF TIME
By + mc thi gian: by the time, by then, by
that time, by next week, by the year 2015,
before

BY + MC THI GIAN
Ex: I will have worked for this company by
2010

Interrogative:
WILL/SHALL +S + HAVE+V3/ED
Example:
(+) Ill have finished my work by noon
(-) I will not have finished my work by noon
(?) Will you have finished your work by noon?

12. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM
Affirmative:
S + WILL/SHAL + HAVE BEEN +
V-ING

USAGE

Used to express an action that will be

completed before a specific point of time in the
future, but emphasize the continuation

ADVERBS OF TIME
By + mc thi gian: by the time, by then, by
that time, by next week, by the year 2015,
before

Negative:
S+WILL/SHAL+NOT+HAVE BEEN +V-ING
Will not = wont
Shall not = shant

Ex: By November, well have been living in

this house for 10 years.

Interrogative:
WILL/SHALL +S + HAVE BEEN+
V-ING?
Example:
(+) Ill have been finishing my work by noon
(-) I will not have been finishing my work by noon
(?) Will you have been finishing your work by
noon?
13. THE NEAR FUTURE
FORM
Affirmative:
S + AM/IS/ARE+GOING TO+ V
Negative:
S+ BE GOING TO +NOT+ V
Negative:
BE+S+GOING TO+ V?
Example:
(+) He is going to travel to Nha Trang
(-)He isnt going to travel to Nha Trang
(?)Is he going to travel to Nha Trang?

USAGE
Used for an action happen in the future but the
actions are planed
- Were going to get a new house soon=Chng
ti ( quyt nh) s mua nh mi.
2.used for a prediction
- Shes going to have a baby=B y sp con.
- Look at the sky. Its going to rain=Nhn tri
m xem. Sp ma ri.

ADVERBS OF TIME
Tomorrow, today, late today, in five minutes,
in two hours, on Monday, someday, next,
soon, this year....