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Well Drilling
Lesson 10
Drilling Hydraulics (contd)
1
READ:
ADE, Ch. 4 to p. 135
HW #5:
ADE # 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
due September 27, 2002
Fh
Buckling
of
Tubulars
Fh - Fb
Neutral Point
l
Slender pipe
suspended
in wellbore
Partially
buckled
slender
pipe
Neutral Point
Fb
Buckling of Tubulars
Long slender columns, like DP,
l
Neutral
Point
Neutral
Point
Fb
Resistance to buckling is
indicated, in part, by:
Neutral
Point
Neutral
Point
64
4
n
in
4
6
Consider the
following:
19.5 #/ft drillpipe
Depth = 10,000 ft.
Mud wt. = 15 #/gal.
PHYD = 0.052 (MW) (Depth)
= 0.052 * 15 * 10,000
PHYD = 7,800 psi
Axial tensile stress in pipe at bottom
= - 7,800 psi
What is the axial force at bottom?
7
lbf
2
7 ,800
5 .73 in
2
in
= 44,700 lbf.
Can this cause the pipe to buckle?
8
Axial Tension:
FT = W1 - F2
FT
FT = w x - P2 (AO - Ai )
At surface, FT = 19.5 * 10,000 - 7,800 (5.73)
= 195,000 - 44,694
= 150,306 lbf.
At bottom, FT = 19.5 * 0 - 7,800 (5.73)
= - 44,694 lbf
Same as before!
F2
Stability Force:
Ai
FS = Aipi - AO pO
FS = (Ai - AO) p
(if pi = pO)
At surface, FS = - 5.73 * 0 = 0
At bottom, FS = (-5.73) (7,800) = - 44,694 lbs
THE NEUTRAL POINT is where FS = FT
Therefore, Neutral point is at bottom!
PIPE WILL NOT BUCKLE!!
10
Compression
44,770
FS
Tension
150,306
FT
Neutral Point
150,306
= 7,708
Depth of Zero Axial Stress Point =
11 ft
19.5
Length
of
Drill
Collars
Neutral Point
Neutral Point
12
L DC
In Liquid:
L DC
In Liquid
with S.F.:
(e.g., S.F =1.3)
W DC
DC
lbf
lbf / ft
F BIT
W DC
F BIT
1 f
s
lbf
lbf
/
ft
F BIT * S . F .
f
W DC 1
s
13
r t
2
15
Stability Force:
FT
FS
FT
FS = Ai Pi - Ao Po
If FS > axial tension then
the pipe may buckle.
If FS < axial tension then
the pipe will NOT buckle.
16
NOTE:
If pi = po = p,
then Fs =
or,
d
4
2
o
di
p
AS
Fs = - A S p
18
19
Stability
Analysis with
FBIT = 68,00020 lbf
Physical Laws
Rheological Models
Equations of State
21
Physical Laws
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
22
Rheological Models
Newtonian
Bingham Plastic
Power Law
API Power-Law
23
Equations of State
Incompressible fluid
Slightly compressible fluid
Ideal gas
Real gas
24
Annular Flow
q
v
2 .448 d 2
q
v
2
2
2.448 d 2 d1
WHERE
25
26
E 2
E 1 p 2V 2 p1V1
1
2
2
g D 2 D1
v 2 v1
2
W Q
In the wellbore, in many cases
Q = 0 (heat)
= constant27
p 2 p 1 0 . 052
8 . 074 * 10
where
p1 and p2
v1 and v2
pp
pf
D1 and D2
D2
D1
2
2
2
1
400 gal/min.
12 lbm/gal.
D2
10,000 ft.
D1
(mud pits)
2
2 . 448 d
(gal/min)
2
(in )
400
v2
26.14 ft/sec
2
2.448* (2.5)
0
30
p 2 p1 0.052 (D2 D1 )
8.074 * 10
-4
( v v ) Pp Pf
2
2
2
1
p 2 0 0.052 * 12 (10,000 - 0)
- 8.074 * 10 - 4 * 12 (26.14 2 0 2 ) 3,000 1,400
0 6,240 6.6 3,000 1,400
p2 p1 0.052 ( D2 D1 )
8.074 *10
-4
(v v ) Pp Pf
2
2
2
1
32
D2 D1
Pp 0
v1
v2 vn
Pf 0
4
p 2 p 1 8 .074 * 10 v
and
vn
2
n
p
4
8 .074 * 10
33
If
Pf 0
vn c d
p
8.074 * 104
cd 0.95
1,000
vn 0.95
305 ft/sec
4
8.074 * 10 * 12
34
35
p
8.074 * 104
q
& v n 3 .117 A
t
8.311 * 10 q
-5
p bit
C 2d A 2t
36
Hydraulic Horsepower
of pump putting out 400 gpm at 3,000 psi = ?
Power rate of doing
F * s /t
q
p * A
A
PH q p
work
In field units:
qp
HHP
1714
400 * 3 ,000
700 hp
1714
37
C D 0 . 95
q 400 gal/min
12 lb/gal
p n 1,169 psi
38
Fj 0.01823 cd q p
q 400 gal/min
12 lb/gal
p n 1,169 psi