Arellano, Hannalissajous

Cruz, Tiffay Grace

Tan, Rose Marie

Hematra
(Crystallization Homework)

1. A crystallizer is charged with 7500 kg of an aqueous solution at 104 degrees Celsius, 28.5% by
weight which is anhydrous sodium sulphate. The solution is cooled. During cooling operation
5% of water originally present was last. As a result, the crystals of Na2SO4-10H2O crystalline
out. The mother liquor is found to contain 18.2% by weight of anhydrous salt. Calculate the
yield of crystals and quantity of mother liquor.
Solution: Basis: 7500 kg of fed

Water present in the feed solution = 7500 x 0.715 = 5362.5 kg

Amount of water lost during cooling (V) = 5362.5 x 0.05 = 268.13 kg
Overall material balance:
F=V+L+C
7500 = 268.13 + L + C
L + C = 7500 - 278.13
L + C = 7231.87 (i)
Balance for Na2SO4:
F(xF) = V(xV) + L(xL) + C(xC)
7500 x 0.285 = 0 + L x 0.182 + C x 0.441
2137.5 = 0.182L + 0.441C
0.182L + 0.441C = 2137.5 (ii)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
C = 3171.43 kg
L = 4059.70 kg
The yield of crystals (C) = 3171.43 kg
The quantity of mother liquor (L) = 4059.70 kg
2. A solution of NaNO3 in water at 40 degrees Celsius contains 48% NaNO3 by weight. Calculate
the percentage saturation of this solution. Calculate the weight of NaNO3 that may be crystallised
from 1000 kg of this solution by reducing the temperature to 10 degrees Celsius. Calculate the
percentage yield.

Solubility of NaNO3 at 40 degrees Celsius is 51.4% by weight

Solubility of NaNO3 at 10 degrees Celsius is 44.5% by weight
Solution: Basis: 1000 kg of feed

PercentagesaturationofNaNO3solution=(48/51.4)x100=93.38
Overallmaterialbalance:
F=L+C
1000=L+C
L+C=1000(i)
MaterialbalanceforNaNO3:
1000x0.48=Lx0.445L+C
480=0.445L+C
480=0.445L+C(ii)
SolvingEqs.(i)and(ii),weget
C=63.06kg
L=936.94kg
Therefore,percentageyieldofNaNO3=(63.06/480)x100=13.14
ThepercentageyieldofNaNO3crystalsis13.14.
3.AsolutionofNaClinwaterissaturatedat15degreesCelsius.CalculatetheamountofNaClthat
canbedissolvedby200kgofthissolutionifheatedtoatemperatureof65degreesCelsius.
Data:
SolubilityofNaClat15degreesCelsius=(385kgofNaCl/1000kgofwater)
SolubilityofNaClat65degreesCelsius=(372.65kgofNaCl/1000kgofwater)
Solution:Basis:200kgofsolution

Overall material balance:

F=L+C
Material Balance for NaCl:
F(xF) = L(xL) + C(xC)

200 x 0.278 = (F-C) x 0.2715 + C x 1

55.6 = (200-C) x 0.2715 + C
55.6 = 54.3 - 0.2715C + C
55.6 = 54.3 + 0.7285C
0.7285C = 55.6 - 54.3
0.7285C = 1.3
Therefore, C= 1.784 kg.
The amount of NaCl that can be dissolved if the solution is heated to a temperature of 65 degrees
Celsius is 1.784 kg.
4. A solution of CaCl2 in water contains 62 kg of CaCl2 per 100 kg of water. Calculate the weight of
this solution necessary to dissolve 300 kg of CaCl2 - 16H2O at 25 degrees Celsius.
Solubility of CaCl2 at 25 degrees Celsius = (7.38 kgmol CaCl2 / 1000 kg of H2O)
Molecular weight of CaCl2 = 111
Molecular weight of CaCl2 - 16H2O = 219
Solution: Basis: 300 kg

Overallmaterialbalance:
F=L+C
MaterialbalanceforCaCl2:
F(xF)=L(xL)+C(xC)
300x0.3827=Lx0.45+(FL)x0.5068
114.81=0.45L+(300L)x0.5068
114.81=0.45L+152.040.5068L
114.81=152.040.0568L
0.0568L=152.04114.81
0.0568L=37.23
L=655.46kg.

5.Atankholds10,000kgofasaturatedsolutionofNa2CO3at30C.Youwanttocrystallizefrom
thissolution3000kgofNa2CO310H2Owithoutanyaccompanyingwater.Towhattemperature
mustthesolutionbecooled?
Solution:

Na2CO3

Na2CO3

Saturated
Solution
30
degrees
Celsius

H2O

Saturated
Solution
T=?

H2O

10,000 kg
initial state

Final State
Na2CO3-10H2O
3000 kg
30
Crystals Removed

Solubility data for Na2CO3 as a function of the temperature:

Temperature (degrees Celsius)

Solubility (g Na2CO3 / 100g H2O)

10

12.5

20

21.5

30

38.8

Because the initial solution is saturated at 30C, you can calculate the composition of the initial
solution:
( 38.8 g Na2CO3 / (38.8 g Na2CO3 + 100 g H2O) ) = 0.280 mass fraction Na2CO3
Calculate the Composition of the crystals:
Comp.
Na2CO3

Mol.
1

H2O

10

Mol.Wt.
106
18

Total
Basis: 10,000 kg of saturated solution at 30 degrees Celsius

Mass
106

Mass. fr
0.371

180

0.629

286

1.00

F = ? kg

10,000 kg
Na2CO3
H2O
0.720

Na2CO3
H2O

0.280

mNa2CO3
mH2O

Final
Initia
l
3000 kg
Na2CO3
H2O

0.371
0.629

Crystals
Removed

Basis:I=10,000kg
AccumulationinTank
FinalInitialTransportOut
Na2CO3mFNa2CO310,000(0.280)=3000(0.371)
H2OmFH2O10,000(0.720)=3000(0.629)
TotalF10,000=3000
Componentkg
mFNa2CO31687
mFH2O5313
F(total)7000
Tofindthetemperatureofthefinalsolution,calculatethecompositionofthefinalsolutioninterms
ofgramsofNa2CO3/100gramsofH2O
(1,687kgNa2CO3/5,313kgH2O)=(31.8gNa2CO3/100gH2O)

Thus,thetemperaturetowhichthesolutionmustbecooledliesbetween20Cand30C.Bylinear
interpolation

30degreesCelsius{[(38.831.8)/(38.821.5)]x10degreescelsius}=26degreesCelsius