Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Amphoteric
II
III
A I
B I and II
C II and III
D I, II and III
3 Blood, compact bone and yellow elastic and hyaline cartilages are all classified as
A epithelium tissues
B muscle tissues
C connective tissues
D nerve tissues
4 Which of the following characteristics are true for both mitochondrion and chloroplast?
I
Contain enzymes
II
Contain DNA
III
Able to replicate
IV
A I and II
B I and III
C I, II and III
D I, II, III and IV
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7 The diagram below shows the stages in the dark reaction. At which stage is the reduced
NADP reoxidised?
B Glucose
Carbon dioxide
C Pyruvate
ATP
D Pyruvate
NADH
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10
Based on the diagram above what is the class of enzyme which catalyses reaction I ?
A Isomerase
B Dehydrogenase
C Hydrolase
D Transferase
11 Which of the following is a hydrogen donor in the biosynthesis of purple sulphur bacteria
and green sulphur bacteria ?
A Water
B Hydrogen sulphide
C NADH
D Hydrocarbon compound
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No chlorophyll
II Digestive enzymes are secreted outside the body and the soluble products
of digestion are absorbed.
III They are decomposers
IV Many saprotrophs are fungi and bacteria
A
I and II
B I, II and III
C II and III
D
13
The following graph shows four oxygen dissociation curves for respiratory pigments.
Which curve represents the oxygen dissociation curve for myoglobin ?
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14 The diagram below represents the control of breathing. Which of the following terms
best describes this control mechanism ?
A Negative feedback
B Positive feedback
C Reflex arc
D Voluntary control
15 The following diagram shows the hydrostatic pressure (HP), the solute potential of the
plasma proteins in the capillary (s) at the arteriole end and the venule end, and the HP
and s in tissue fluid.
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16 Which of the following correctly describes the movement of water across a root?
From the root hairs across the
cortex
A Apoplast and vacuolar
pathways
Which of the following is true when a person has defective cell in the islets of
langerhand?
A
Which of the following processes enable the mammalian kidney to control the
absorptions of water in dry conditions?
A The production of hypotonic urine
B The ability of the tubule cells to detect blood osmotic pressure
C The reabsorptions of water from the glomerulus in the proximal tubule
D An increase in the permeability of the collecting duct through the action of
antidiuretic hormone( ADH)
19
Why do action potential usually propagate only one direction along the axon?
A The ions flow along the axon in one direction only
B The Nodes of Ranvier conduct in one direction only.
C Both sodium and potassium voltage- gated channel open in one direction only
D The refractory period prevents the opening of the voltage- gated Na+ channel after
each depolarization stage.
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20
X
Cholinesterase
Y
Sodium ions
Cholinesterase
Calcium ions
Acetylcholine
Sodium ions
Acetylcholine
Calcium ions
21 Steroids hormones
A
II
B I and II
C II and III
D
I, II and III
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23
10
Which of the following lymphoid tissues enlarges during childhood but shrinks after
puberty?
A Spleen
B Liver
C Lymp nodes
D Thymus gland
24
DNA
II
RNA
I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D
II and IV
25 Which of the following are the similarities between Marchantia and Dryopteris ?
I In both plants, movement of antherozoids occur in the presence of water.
II In both plants, sporophyte generations produce spores by meiosis
III In both plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant
IV Both plants can reproduce asexually
A
I, and II
I, II and III
I, II and IV
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11
Organs or Systems
(I) The potential to divide and replace damaged
or missing parts.
(II) Larval or pupal forms with the potential to
reproduce before attaining the adult stage.
(III) Production of two or more individuals from a
zygote.
(IV) Production of new individual from an egg
without fertilisation.
27
(a)
(II)
(b)
(IV)
(c)
(III)
(d)
(I)
(II)
(II)
(I)
(III)
(III)
(II)
(I)
(IV)
(IV)
(I)
(III)
(II)
28
Which event occurs during epigeal germination of a seed planted in the soil?
A
The plumule elongates and pushes the cotyledon above the soil surface
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29
12
I, II and III
B I, III and IV
C II, III and IV
D
30
During pupa formation from the last larval stage in the butterfly, which of the
following concentration of hormones occur ?
A
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13
31 In a garden pea, two alleles are present, allele P for the purple flower trait and recessive
allele p for white flower trait. Half of the pollen produced by the plant has the recessive
allele p. Which of the following is most suitable to explain why this has occurred?
A
Mutation occurred.
33
Male
Red
1
White
1
Red
1
White
1
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14
35 In a population of humans in Africa, 1.0% of its individuals suffered from the sickle-cell
anemia and died. What is the percentage of the individuals in the population that posses
an abnormal haemoglobin, which is heterozygote?
A 1
B 10
C 18
D 90
36 Albinism in man is controlled by a recessive allele a. In a population, the frequency of
albinism is one for every 40, 000 individuals. What is the frequency of allele a?
A 0.05%
B 0.5%
C 5%
D 50%
37 The diagram below shows the regulatory scheme of lactose operon, where I to IV
represent the reaction sequence while X, Y and Z represent the genes.
Regulator
Operator
Structural
Regulator
Structural
Operator
Operator
Regulator
Structural
Operator
Structural
Regulator
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38
15
If the regulator gene of lactose operon system in Escherichia coli has mutated and is
non-functional, which of the following statements is true?
A - galactosidase enzyme is synthesized in the presence of lactose.
B - galactosidase enzyme is synthesized with or without the presence of lactose.
C - galactosidase is not synthesized in the presence of lactose
D - galactosidase enzyme is not synthesized with or without the presence of lactose
39
The following diagram shows a plasmid having three restriction site tetR and ampR, the
genes for tetracycline and ampicillin resistance respectively.
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16
III
A I and II
B I and III
C II and III
D I, II and III
41 The following identification key is prepared for five types of animals
1
P
Snake
Q
Frog
R
Cockroach
S
Prawn
T
Centipede
Frog
Snake
Cockroach
Centipede
Prawn
Snake
Frog
Centipede
Prawn
Cockroach
Snake
Frog
Prawn
Cockroach
Centipede
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42
17
The table below shows the taxonomic hierarchy from kingdom to genus for three
different organisms.
Taxonomic
hierarchy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Examples of organisms
Plantae
W
Dicotyledoneae
Ranales
Ranunculacae
Ranunculus
Animalia
Annelida
X
Terricolae
Lumbricidae
Lumbricus
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalian
Y
Hominidae
Homo
W
Angiospermophyta
X
Anthozoa
Y
Echinodermata
Bryophyte
Nematoda
Mollusca
Coniferophyta
Cestoda
Cnidaria
Angiospermophyta
Oligochaeta
Primates
43 The table below shows four plant phyla and their examples.
Phylum
I Fungi
II Bryophyta
III Filicinophyta
IV Angiospermophyta
Example
a) Helianthus
b) Dryopteris
c) Marchantia
d) Mucor
Which of the following is the correct match for the above four phyla and their
examples?
I
A (a)
II
(b)
III
(c)
IV
(d)
B (c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
C (d)
(a)
(b)
(c)
D (d)
(c)
(b)
(a)
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18
Which of the following could cause phenotype variation in organisms that have the
same genotype?
A Mutation
B Exposure to different environment
C Continous variation within the species
D Crossing over in gametogenesis
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48
19
Both an aphid and a caterpillar are living on the same leaf. The caterpillar feeds on the
leaf, while the aphid sucks the fluid from the phloem of the leaf. Each species occupies
A the same niche in the same habitat
B the same niche in different habitats
C different niches in the same habitat
D different niches in different habitats
49
323
379
C 1114
D
1300
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CONFIDENTIAL
The diagram below represents a longitudinal section through part of a striated muscle.
(a)(i) What is the term used to describe the basic unit of muscle contraction shown above?
[1 mark]
(ii) Identify the parts labelled A,B and C.
A: ....
B:..
C:......
[3 marks ]
(b)
The diagram shows the A band, the I band and the H zone. Which of the structures:
(i) contain actin but no myosin
...
[1 mark]
(ii) shortens when the muscle contracts
....
[1 mark]
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(c)
ATP:
..
.....
.
[2 marks]
(ii)
calcium ions:
......
..
...
[2 marks]
Graph M shows the growth curve of a woody perennial plant, and Graph N shows the
growth curve of an insect.
Graph M
Graph N
(a)(i) With reference to Graph M and N, name the pattern and explain the form of the two
types of growth curves.
Graph M
...
..
[2 marks]
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Graph N
..
..
[2 marks]
(ii)
The growth curve of the insect uses length as a measure of growth. Give a reason why
this growth curve cannot be considered as a true measurement of the insects growth.
.
.
[1 mark]
(iii)
If a growth curve is plotted for the same insect using dry mass as a measure of growth,
what form of growth curve would be produced?
..
[1 mark]
(b)(i) State the role played by the ecdysone and juvenile hormone in the metamorphosis in
insects.
Ecdysone:.
.
[1 mark]
Juvenile hormone:.............
..
[1mark]
(ii)
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The bacterium Eschericia coli produces - galactosidase only in the presence of lactose.
- galactosidase hydrolyses the lactose sugar to glucose and galactose. The diagram
below represents a part of DNA which controls the synthesis of - galactosidase.
(a)
Draw an arrow from the box T to show the new position of the repressor molecule if the
lactose molecule is absent.
[1 mark]
(b)
[2 marks]
(c)
Explain how the presence of the lactose molecule induces the production of
- galactosidase.
..
.
..
(d)
[3 marks]
State the function of lac Y gene.
..
..
[1 mark]
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(e)
(a)
[1 mark]
(b)
State the scientific name and the phylum of each of the organisms given in the diagram
above.
Organism
Name
Phylum
A
B
C
[6 marks]
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(c)
Organism B has two nuclei, namely macronucleus and micronucleus. State the function
of micronucleus.
..
[1 mark]
(d)
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Besides light intensity, explain how other environmental factors may affect the rate of
photosynthesis.
[10 marks]
State five differences between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
[5 marks]
6 (a)
Explain what happens during atria systole, ventricular systole and diastole in a cardiac
cycle of the heart.
[ 7 marks ]
(b) Describe the structure of the heart muscles and explain how heartbeat is initiated.
[ 8 marks ]
7 (a) Explain what is meant by the following terms:
i. antigen
ii.
antibody
[4 marks]
[8 marks]
[3 marks]
[10 marks]
[11 marks]
(b) Downs syndrome is caused by chromosomal mutation. Explain how this may occur.
[4 marks]
10
[7 marks]
[8 marks]
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11.B
12.D
13.A
14.A
15.C
16.D
17.D
18.D
19.D
20.D
21.C
22.B
23.D
24.D
25.C
26.C
27.B
28.C
29.D
30.D
31.D
32.A
33.C
34.C
35.C
36.B
37.A
38.B
39.A
40.B
41.D
42.D
43.D
44.C
45.B
46.A
47.D
48.C
49.D
50.D
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(ii)
(iii)
(b)(i)
(ii)
Graph M
unlimited growth
It is produced following an annual serial of smaller sigmoid
curves
Graph N
intermittent growth
Growth only takes place for a short period of time during
ecdysis before the new skin hardens
Because growth is represented by the increase in organic
material in the body.
Length of the exoskeleton is not a true reflection of growth for
insects
(Normal) sigmoid curve // S-shaped curve
Ecdysone
stimulates ecdysis / moulting of exoskeleton // stimulates
development of adult characteristics
Juvenile hormone
maintains the juvenile characteristics of an insect
Synthetic juvenile hormone can block the production of adult
characteristics in insects.
Thus insects dont mature to breed.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
TOTAL
2
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max 1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL
1
1
2
10
1
1
2
1
NO
ANSWER
Paramecium
sp.
Euglena sp.
Phylum
Rhizopoda
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL
1
3
10
1
1+1
Ciliophora
1+1
Zoomastigina
1+1
1/0
1/0
1/0
Max 2
TOTAL
2
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SECTION B
NO
ANSWER
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
5.(a)
Carbon dioxide concentration
Required in light-independent reaction
Increasing carbon dioxide concentration, increases the rate of
photosynthesis
Rate of photosynthesis becomes constant after carbon dioxide
concentration exceeds reaches certain level
At higher concentration, the rate of photosynthesis decreases
as CO2 absorption is reduced by stomatal closure
(Any 3)
1
1
Temperature
Photosynthesis process is controlled by enzymes
The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in
temperature provided light intensity and concentration of CO2
are not limiting factors
Rate of photosynthesis doubles for every 10C increase in
temperature until optimum temperature
Above optimum temperature, rate decreases as the enzymes
are denatured
(Any 3)
Water availability
Water is required in light dependent reaction//photolysis of
water where electrons/ H atom are given out to reduce
NADP
Without water plants close their stomata and would prevent
entry of CO2 into the plants for photosynthesis
(Any 2)
1
1
1
Oxygen concentration
Relatively high O2 level inhibits photosynthesis
O2 competes with CO2 for active site of RuBisCo which
will decrease the overall rate of photosynthesis
1
1
1
1
1
1
Aerobic respiration
A catabolic process which
results in the breakdown of
carbohydrate molecules to
simple inorganic molecules
Energy is stored in the form
of ATP for future use.
Oxygen is used
3
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Max :3
1
1
1
Max :2
(b)
Photosynthesis
An anabolic process which
results in the synthesis of
carbohydrate from simple
inorganic molecules
Energy is accumulated and
stored in the form of
carbohydrates
Oxygen is released
Max: 3
1/0
1/0
1/0
NO
ANSWER
Results in an increase in dry
mass
Occurs in chloroplast
Occurs only in cells that have
chlorophyll and only in the
presence of light
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1/0
1/0
1/0
TOTAL
6.
Atrial Systole
Ventricular systole
both ventricles contract
increased ventricular pressure of blood causes atrioventricular
valves to close
semilunar valves open
blood flows to aorta and pulmonary artery
Diastole
Ventricles relax
Semilunar valves close
Blood flows into atria from vena cava and pulmonary veins.
(b)
Max :5
15
Structure :
the heart is composed of striated muscle cells
the cells are cross-connected by branching fibres and
intercalated discs separating individual muscle cells permit
diffusion of Na+ and K+
this allows rapid spread of impulses from cell to cell
cardiac muscle is myogenic
(Any 3)
Heartbeat:
initial stimulus originate from the sinoatrial node (SAN)
which is the pacemaker found on the right atrium wall near
the entrance of the vena cava
membrane of SAN cells are permeable to Na+
Na+ enter cells and depolarizes cell membranes
An excitatory wave is generated, and spread rapidly from the
SA node across the two atria making both atria contract
Waves reach the AVN ( atrioventricular node) located
4
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1
1
1
1
Any 2
1
1
1
1
Any 2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max:3
NO
ANSWER
between atria.
Impulses from AVN are conducted by the bundle of His that
branches into Purkinje fibres
The waves conducted throughout the ventricular walls and the
ventricles contract
(Any 5)
7.
(a) i
ii.
(b)
(c)
8.
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
1
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max :5
15
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max: 3
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
NO
ANSWER
The root apical meristem develops to become the radicle
The shoot apical meristem develops to become the plumule
(Any 10)
(b )
Monocotyledonous seed
Has only one cotyledon
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
1
Max:10
Dicotyledonous seed
Has two cotyledon
1/0
Cotyledon reduced to
shield-like
structure
called as scutellum
Aleurone
layer
is
present.
Coleoptiles protect the
plumule, the coleorhiza
protects the radicle
Testa and pericarp are
fused together
9.(a)
1/0
1/0
1/0
TOTAL
1
15
1
1
1
1
1
1
NO
ANSWER
Because frameshift mutation leads to production of nonfunctional protein
(Any 10)
(b)
10.
(a)
1
1
1
1
TOTAL
15
Gene therapy
Genetic disorders which are caused by a single defective gene
could be cured by inserting a functional gene into certain
body cells such as bone marrow cells.
Adenosin deaminase (ADA) is important in the proper
functioning of the immune system. It is used by white blood
cells to produce antibodies.
The normal gene for ADA is cloned in a vector.
The vector containing the ADA gene is introduced into a
retrovirus.
A small amount of bone marrow cells are isolated from the
patient and cultured in the lab.
The bone marrow cells are infected with the ADA gene
containing the retrovirus.
The retrovirus integrated the normal ADA gene into the bone
marrow cells.
Bone marrow cells with the normal ADA gene are injected
into bone marrow of the patient.
These cells continue to divide thus producing sufficient ADA
enzymes.
(Any 7)
(b)
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
Max:10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max: 7
NO
ANSWER
SUBTOTAL
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL
8
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Max:8
15