PAGE: 0.

f
stsi-J

$itr Nepal

w,4irlines

AIRCRAFTHARD\jt/ARE
t / r:
9
tAl

Aircraft

Ilefore an aircraft is issr:ed a Type Certifi,:a[erby

the liederal Aviatir:n .Administratiorr,'ir rrrust
d.emcnstr:atelhat iu confo;:ms to all of the recuiremerrts :;pecifial fc,r airworthiness vdth regardr; no; oniy t<l its perforrnan,:ebut io its st::uc'lo lle
s;ure
tural str,:ngt;h and :.nte,grity as werll.
bhat eve::y indi,ridual eiircraft thal is. produced
from a certain <lesilp rvill meet the r;ame sLani.ards, aI^ of ;he material from rvhich it is builb as
vrell as e'very piece of hilrdlvarer that rl'ill be used
must be r:lea::lydescribed, sc that the aircraft can
be du.plicated in detail.

D]-\:.t I D:.
I \J, r, rrl \!

F{ardridrare

When an M{S 20470-AD4-4 rivet; is ::equireci,

spercifications have alreaciy been wril;tr:n for j.L
antl are a'sailable to bor;h the aircrurft,rnilnui.acturer and [o the rnanufar:turer c,f t]re.rivr:L.l'hese
spercificationssLipu.latet;he lyp,: of nraterrial iha.t
is Lo b'eused ancl ils strength and hardness. as
we,ll as the detailed shape and riimenslons c'f lhe
rivei. By usi.ng Lhes;esrecifications an,J ceiliing
for standard har:dware, aircraft rnanu:a,rtulers
2t,1e to build renr<ldur:ibli a:.r<:rilfbat. the
"ts
ion'esl cost.

'i'o

ayoid the nee,dfc'r writilg elabc'ratr: specifications for all r:f the hard',rrareand ferste:rerr;,these
parts have already been describeC iri slandard
specifications. Therr: arr: quite a number of sLandard:; u:;ed in the aircral't man,:facturine in-

AMI;

lf i
Iln

dustry, but the three m<;st ,gen,:rally uSed in ,aircraft constructio:n are t.:re .,\N {Air Force-lriavr'}
standards, N,r\ S (N a i;ion,alA.erospa :e S,trrndarris),
and MS (I4iiit;ary Stand,ards).T'hese are-Lheo:nes
an aviiltion Lechnician will rnosL ofr;en encr)un;e::.

S.oecificationsand S'tandards

I.

AeronauticalMaterial Specifications

il.

T;'tpe:; of Hardware

A.

Sc'lid Riuets

AN

Air Force-ltJavy

A ND

A i r F o r c el-{ av v D , : si c r n

AS

A e r o n e r u t i c al i lt a n d a r d

If rve rsere to count, the individual pieces of .ca.rdware used in an aircraft, we would f:ind rha1.rivets
far out,nutnber all ot;her fasteners ir' ':se.-I'hese
smnfcon-'porient.s are often L*e-:i fdi-ll:izrnLed
b e c : a u s et L . e r ea r e s o : m a r r yo f [ h : m , a n c l r v e u s u a i ly rlo r'ot trobice then: unless;we have: crc(rasif,rr
to
renrove or insball onel.

ASA

A m e r i c a nS t a n d a r d sA s : ; o c i a t i o n

1. Mc,.tenal

A S T M A m e r i c a n S o c i e t ' yf c l r T e s t i n o a n d ,./
M at e r i i a l s
MS

M i l i t a r yS t a n d a r d

NAF

N a v a l, A i r c r a fFt a c t o r v

NA{i

National A,erospacelStandarrd

SAE:

Soc;iet'iof Aulomotiv'eEngineers

Aitcraf.t rivets are usueLliv maCe ,rf a.n allov of

aluminurirlqm*qp.afu
Li-2,
]f"yj-dl!
"ii,il
Gtr,eri" th:erivel specification
anlLpl11lg{L:by

fi*n,
a.

""

thl+r."airrurer.,"t.

l10O I'luminum

(A)

This isrcoramercialiy pu::e aluminum, and a rivelt

made of this material is too soft anci doer; not
ha.re t,re strenglh re<luired for sLru,:Lura.la.ptclications on aircraft. These riverls are des:.gnattd by
the, lelter A, and there is nc, idenbifying rrrark on

Fig. 1-1 Standard:; used Ior a:ircraft matteittls.

I

P n G E0: 2

Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

=Atnrnes

U|1Af

2 0 1 7A L U M I N U M
ALLOY
o
2 0 2 4A L U M I N U M
ALLOY
5 0 5 6A L U M I N U M
ALLOY

AU

(o)

NO

10,000

DIMPLE

NO

30,000

YES

34,000

YES

41,000

NO

n-7 .|nn

NO
MARK

NO

75,000

DOUBLE
DIMPLE

NO

55,000

tcAt

{o)
DD

r-)

/n
\
--'l

t ':

"

Jl 5r

\!

.''"'

[7
\

r-

\:/

1\

RESIST.
CORROSION
bItrtrL

MONEL

LL^.rU

NO
MARK

\_./

2 1 1 7A L U M I N U M
ALLOY

S H E A RS T R E N G T H
P.S.l.

r\il

ALUMINUM
11OO
ALLOY

h/

HEAT
TREAT

HEAD
MARK

RIVET
MATERIAL

lo

ol

,:
in nonfheir head. A-type rivets are used oniy
fairings
as
structural parts of an aircraft such
and furnishings inside the cabin'
b

2 1 1 7 A L u m i n u m a l L o Y( A D )

There are more riveLs made of 211? aluminum

(formerly known as A-1?ST) chan an1'olher allol"
for
and these rivdts have sufficient strength
h
t'
t
o
d
o
'
"
t
slruclural use. Since they
"eed
tyP.*:::|11c;
of
the other
treated. as do sorne

culal rivers, thel'.un b@n

tFe-vaElecei ved f rom-the zupplier'
A D r i v e l s a r e i d e n L i f i e db 1 ' a s m a i l d i m p i e i n t h e
cenLer of their head.

D -r i v eI s are g! e-9 | $telv

because

pg -cal I g4,i -c;e

b;o_1
-ri:ie^t_:

!!9y
must-be hee-!:t-ryglgd
-bef-o-q,e

y are used for strucLuralqn-dilca/ercomes the

ln
che in-'
iidi-s *hete their high sTFenft5o-viircbmes
-'-r---

D-rivets are idenfified by a raised teat in the

cenLer of their heaci.
These rivets are called icebox rivets because of
the unique heat-trealment charaeberislic of this,
a' :
aiiol'. \{hen an aiuminum al@o
t
elg;-S!-in
j
specifi c lem pera ture and quencilecl-gt
b;1
-but
for -sivelel hgl{!- snd v
do--4-.5. q'ilfiEmaln-s6fr
\
.td and gain it's full
tr;in et",i"^ll!-f;
strengLh. This process is called dfing2Fn'ets
)
ma-de of an alloy' such as 201? can have their
agins process relarded by removii[-[866-Ii66
in
-u-*b'f.""ring
o
i."bt
/arm
!em'
room
to
up
drive. When these rivets \
p"Ei.rt.. they u'ill become hard, but they ma1' be
re-heal-treabed as many times as is necessary
without impairing their slrength.
d.

2024Aluminum alloy (DD)

'

r"'r

),

' ';

DD-rivets are the strongesi of the aluminum

alloy rivets and are identified by two raised
dashes on their head. Like D'rivets, DD'rivebs are

O'J
PaGE::

AIRCR,AFT.HARDWA RE
cH/\P: Ai'C .

w h r e r et h e r r e , l u c e d , v i n < l r e s i s t a n c e p r o v i d r : d t , r '
flush rive;s i:; more imp,criarnfi,hatr l:he increased
c o s l o f < i i m p l i n g o r < : o u n L e r s i n i < i n gL;i r e s r k i n
n e ' l e s s a r yL o a c c r : p Lb h e l ; er : v e l s .

\ T I N G ' r l M EF O R I C E : B O XR I V E T S
H E I r I T R E / -FT}R
,AIfI FURNAE:
TEIVIPERATUIlE

ALLO)'I

:.AllD't','ARI

T h e A N 4 ' i 0 o r , a s i L i s n o w k n o w n , L h e I, r ' { 1 1 2 0 . t 7 0 ,
is a universal head rivet thai is approved for
r e p l a c i n g a n 1 ' o f L h e p r < r t r u d i n l 3h e a d r i v e r l s ; , ' I i t e
9 2 5 " _ g 5 ; 0 " F(:4 9 6 . . 5 1 0 . C )
d e s i g r ro f b h e h e a d . u ' h i c h i s c r o w n e r da n c lr e l a t i v e l y f l a t o n : o p , i s s r L r o r re
g n o r . g h b h a r "i l r : a nb e u s e d
]lig. ,I-3 Heat treating time fc'r icebo-r rivets for
in pia,:e of tlre rr)un,l- or flrlt-head rivet.s, anti rl!
a'.irfu:.rnace.
bhi: same :imr:, iL,sshape does nol c::eatearl xoer;s
e h e n i i i s u s e d o : e b h eo t r L r ; i t l e
o f w i n d r e s i s L a n < :w
icebc,x rivets, and after t;hey harve been heat'
o f a n r l i r c r a f ts k i n '
r,.. ,r-.
.
t;reated iand quenched, thev must be stored in a
thev
rr:ad11
lo
be
are
s;ub-iree::ingice,box until
Th,e 1.N430 rive,t is; a round-hea<l rive:f lhat is
<lrivern.
used 'vhere the increas,edt;hic.<nessof the hezrci
. . girzes additional Lensile stre,ngth to a pro;rerlf ip(r. 5056 Atu.minum alloy ('3) ! al :"it"1 !'."r"^' "-ii stalled rirreL. The sh.apeof the 1',"361,
n6rweve::,is
"
not efficir:nt for use on lhe outsidr: of an aircrafl
Many aircraft partsi ar: me.de of magn.esium, anc.
skin, as it. ca':ses lo,r much wind re:;is;[ance.
(i-.r.,(t,,r
1;o a'roici. a Cissrimil.ar metal c:ontact that crruli.
1.,1..,..i
lead to corrc,sion,magnesitrm stru,:ture i.s rivelei
A n A 1 ' J 4 4 2r i v e t h a s a f i a t h e a d a n C i s u s e d i n l i r e
'rith 505'6 rivetssi/hich contain abcut Iive per,cerrt,
ori.ginal conlruct;ion of the inLern,al stru<:ttrr,: of
.magnesium as an alloying agen$. l'hese ri'vels; arer
an aircral't, v,rheret.ne rivet" is ups;el wi lh a. rro'
idenl;ified b)' a r:aisedcrossion their head.
d u c l i c , n - L ; r p e s q u e e z e - r i v e t , e r ,o r c c , n - r p r e s s i o n '
ri"'eler. They are seldorr. used in repair vrork, as il
i s p e r m i s s a b l e t c r e p l z r c et h e m w i t h i M S : 2 0 4 ' l 0
i'. C'orr<tsion-reststontstee'L(F )
rivets.
.Rivels of tlnis inal,eriai are usei for fasteninE;
rlorrosio;r-rer;isl;lntsteerlsheets for such applica.
1,ions;as firewalls and exhaust shrouils. llhei' do
9 1 0 " - 9 3 ; Q o 6( 4: t l 8 o. 4 9 9 ' C )

. - ^ r 1 , . ,y, l.:, . - . - * o . L i n g
4rr.y lrror N.rr6
tluu rto

A N 4 2 6. M S 2 0 4 2 6
HE l ' D
1 0 0 " C O L I N T E : R S tKJ N

.vrrnl f\ .hl regirrl - ^h apta. rd* - I

!

,, .

l i,.

is. lulonet(luI) | t!,:'

r,

.Monel rivet,s are jdentified with tr,r'o recessecl

rlim;ries in r:heir heradand are used i:n somrt in'
:Lnplace of corrosion-rersistantr;leel rirrets,
rstan,:es
'wheretheir sorn.ewhatlowe:rshLearstr)ngt;hisrnol;
rl ciel;rirrrent
'
, i r ' ' ' ,t !
'4 i\J -"'*\ /-' 1
-1',
.2. IJead desig,,
.,

AN ,470. MS2047',0
HEAD
UNI\/ER:iAL

AN
FLAT HEACI

'Ihe spe':ificatic,nnumtrer ,lf a riv,:b iclent,ifiesit:;

.freaddesign. Irr lh,: parsb1,herehave been rrran5'
,Cifferenl,he,ad designs; thal have required the
mechanic bo ha.,tea large a,ssor'tmentof rivet seh;
,cn hand. But in the inLerest,sof slandarriizabion
bhere are now seidom more t,han four clifferent:

bypesofheadsfound.C' 4e.u L^*

Ted:-,c--l^lo

tr.l-,1.8)

V*"

l+-1 ltt,
+l*l- +v.
I,a,

,'-\

{vrlr*,

4r*"* 'q

",U7

100-i.;:;&tunterr;unlc AN426, o::,as it has been

rivets are rJ.se(l
reclarssilied.M520426

@n.

4r.

rw,a* pop<'bt lla'tl

il"cri'J'l. a/Q

ff

AN 430
RC,UND HE:AD

tJ

F,tg.t!4 ilDli6dffi@lEffiryF

/\":i

P A G E :0 {

$.Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE
i'

-Airitnes
3.

unAr.

Size designations

In ihe code used to describe an aircrafl rivel,

afrer lhe head and Lhe material have been desiprrated, S number is used to in
diameter in 1/32'inch increments, end the&ngihi=. nqreci by a dash numbet in increments of
l,ri 6-inch.

f a

hl e.

:T

A5

n-:..D'fiARE

lhrough which a stem with a Lapered end protrudes. Fig. l-6. To instail these rivets, drill a hole
and remove ali of the burrs. Choose a rivet having
the correct grip length as delermined by a special
grip-length gage. Fig. 1-7. Inserl ihe rivef inLo
the hole and, using a special puller, pull the stem

-{ rivet designated us ur',MS'zo 47OAD4'4is a uni'

versal head rivet made of 2117 aluminum aiioy
(1/4)
anci is 4i32 (118)inch in diamerer and a/16
inch long.
The lengrh of a r'rveLis measured from the part of
;he heao lhat is flush w'ith the surface of the ma*'e:ial being riveLed, to the end of ihe shank' An
I{520426 rivet is measured from the top of the
head co the end of the'shank; protruding rivets
are rneasured from Lhe bottom of their head to the
end of lheir shanks.

//

\^?

quVru\

ffiffi
IJU

fi

1.

t1?"
. /

\Hi
tl

.-

I LENGTH

ttl
IJY

H
F
r_

Fig. 1-5 Riuet length mecisurement

B.

Special Rivets

In our discussionof rivets, we wiii classify them

as any tlpe of fasLenerthaf obtains its clamping
aciion b1' having one of its ends mechanicaliy
upsel. There are iwo types of rivets in use^pgl:

rivet. It
ellqs
Eo ooLn
access
iI
huqlqgl4gt
of
form
with
some
naav be driven
squeeze'rlv
with
a
bv compression
vilf
l

a Lconventional
4
vrlvsrrurv

. There are a
used in aircraft
consiruction and maintenance.
i

Self'plugging, fiction'loch

";iE:Mr"#

ln

i.-

"&'

iv*
)
.1

F*q l u -RQ
HpeeY
d
Ftd
w
=ry

tJ{,

.\

- $ar"u
Fig. 14

(til

Cherry seLf-plugging riuets

be used to

iuets

A self-plugging, friction-lock rivet is available

from the Cherry Rivet Division of the Townsend
ivets have a hollow shank

t-.
l?-

in order to haue the

rry iuets are p

such as this one

A -

P A G EO
:l

BgF ,Nepal

A[RCR,AFT
HARDWARE

EEtfAir'iines

CHAP: L/C.

lhrough lhe shank. \Vhen the lirpered end of t,he

s i e m u p s e L st h e s h a r L k . a g a i n s tL h e b o i L o m o f l h e
melal, it rvill breiakoff. Frir:tion:holis it ;ighclv
wedged insider the sfranil, and the broken enci of
lhe sLermt:an be lrinrmed s:nooth wi th a specia.l
'fhis
lrirnmr:r.
l r i m m e r r e s e m b l e sa p a i r o f C i a g ; onerl crrtte'rs excr:pt that the cuiting eC5Jeprodu<:esa srnoor:hcuL l,hat, is flush wilh tire Lop cf
the river head.

THIS INDIC;ATICIN

READ
HEBE
':.

_:::i:i3t"1'.
,.=
f.l
|

:l t-

qF'

.--r.l __
Z.'lf./'

VrlV/
u(.)"-

H =

H Eh t r

l,/
--1..,

:v

;l,._

i{\\

2.

3 / 16

.SeLf-pLugging,

Thr'hrrlhpd

iI

iiAS.D,fiSI

hilNtiluM

Fig. 1-7 A speciaLg'zge is used to f'ind the pro.Der

g.ip I'zng;:ltfor blind riu,zts. A chart furnished b\t
the ntanufacture:r indicate:; th.e maximu.m ctnd
rr.ininzum. gni.p Length f'cr etach dash nunLber of
rLUet.

me'chanicttL-loch. riuets

C h e r - v l c c k r i v c . f .i c n r i t e
Y r' v

rJ

Y urvv

sirnilitr ro
J rr

the friction-lockrivets except that a locking coilar

is swa6tedin[o a g'roo'r'ein the str:m that locksrit. in
p l a c e v r h e n L h e r i v e l i s p r u l l e r dI n. F ' i g . 1 - 8 w e : e e
l h e s t e p s i n u p s e l ; c i n ga ' b u l b e d C h e r . : y l o c hr i r e t . .
T h r : h o l e i s p r e p a r e c .a s w e h a v e p r e v i o u s l . r d r , scribecl, a.rd ':he correct. grip iengtfr ,rf rivet is
chc,sen.When rhe puller:rs feslened ont,o lhe sterc
ancl p,rile,1, ib f.irst up,sers the ho]lorv s ha.n.r
agaiinsl the boitom c'f the maierial anrl pu.il: uhe
sheets of rnetal tightl5' together. Ccrrtinrred pr:I.ing breraks off a shear ring around bhe enci of r:he
F

ildb'

(c)' I i|

'tr
^

\n

tol}

ililil1

,.)
,.,/

lrlllll

dtJ ilt\

.l \tT

/4llilll\
|

./,/./1-l

,/. . .//l

DI

t,\\\J-.NSN
IRN\')

Ll

,)d1\1

\NN/
dEsr

r)
'J)

Ac
(U'

'

l.lv

4,,

\\4i"
": t

lr

r/l

,t,e'vl(
vlr

coL:AN
<- tocxrRc
S H : A RR I N G

Fb. ]a Butbed Ch,zrryLoc\;ittets are a form of blind iuet wlttch rloch.stlrc stem in .plat:eas it breoizs
action ancl will pull the :;hee't gctp toge.thet. ]l '- As
off. ,4 - Thts tltpe cf nuet Jtasa strong cl,am,oin5y
ihe
elantpirrg action begins. C -- As the pullirtg' cottis
puLLed
ircll<tw
:;hanh,
uyt
throuigh
t:he
t]rc stem
|Leaal.
seots .firrnly ogaii.nst the' top sh:eet. Lt -t,\e
rnanufa<:tured
upset
head
i:;
and
th.e
tinue:;,
formed
V,/hen the' up:;et )ieact.is fulljt formet\ th:e stttean'ing will breah autay frorn th.e stet\ allowinSJ tluz steftL to
co,Ilnr can now be' forced int,c it:; rr?ssby the rarn a<:tion ctf
rn.oueup into the shonh. E - The Loch.in6y
t)rc pullin.g head^ F - lrurther pulling after t,\e locking <:ollar fuzsseate'd u,ill :ihec'.rtl':.este;Tt flu:;h u'ith
tJrc riuet head.

Nepat

\g

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

Er-,Airlines

cu;^t:;/1,.

l.:.e sLem can puil up info the shank iar

rt"--ro
enough fol' a groove around the stem bo enter the
rivet head, and Lhe locking coliar will be swaged
inlo the groove. FurLher puiling on the slem will
break it off jusf oulside the collar. In this t-vpe of
riveL the siem is firmly ]ocked into the shank and
iL cannoi fall out. Mechanica]-iock rivets can normally be used to replace solid-shank rivets rvichout having to use a rivei of a size larger, as is lhe

common
rivecs.

procedure

when

uslng

HAR)dARE
lrlc[lon'locK

A mechanical-]ock rivet can be removed by first

drilling out the lockins coiiar and punching out
the stem. No'.r',lhe head can be drilied off and fhe
shank punched form lhe hole. Be sure when removing lhis or an-v oiher t1-pe of river thar the

hu bl'
g'-.t(/

rF"
(D)

(c)

(B)

(A)

, .4ht**)Ttr

6#{,fr
'"60,vJ/

ui\"^

tr^F^'

\"{v'"

h*{

t,, '

'
LrrX-r

), t^{r'

(F)

Fig. 1-9 Remouing a mechanicallvlockedblind iuetcenterpunch. B - Lising o.fiatJit t4 _c-same

?!ze

stem out usinga ,^.oti ifi'ffign

n -

(G)
A - Marh the center o1th.ecroken shanhwith a
the
the loch nng. C - P.u.nc,h
!4lt through

ite4Ln: E ,'D-YIlPTSpl

t k | 6 u p h Y t i a k g i 1 d / i l , i t h a d'ffi*:Cy7fi-Lue
riIlslish1Ewlteffiinchthenuet.hea,j.oI|wLtn,a

ffichisel

or lift it"

proper size pin punch

eAdi1glfianh

of the iuet irom the shinwith the

P N G E :C I I

\#

Nepat

I\I FICRA FI' FIARDW,AFI

E

ffirAirllnes

cH^F,:;/ C,. F:.q:D '4I.A:i:j

t=t

:^r
l..---.'l

CC)LL,\R

rl

,'---\

<.>

IIT3h

fiNt
NSZ'/
i\^\'1t' /id

NXN
!e

nzz#ihz-.'
tsl-nlllll-

wlil

[Ir]]]ll
t*llllr
(A)

F L g .. I - 1 0 I n : ; t a l t ) , a t i c ,on, ' H i - S h e a r ; i u e , i s . A - - S e l e c ta p i n w i t h t h z p r o p e r g r i p L e n g t h a r L d , l . n s e ri ti i : i
au
r e r t h " ep i n a n d c i r i v e i t ' l c ' u n u ; i t . n
t i , . eh c L e .i l u p p o r t t t u L i t ha h e a u ' ; b u c k i n g b a r . B - f ' L a c et h e e o , ! . L o
g
u
n
.
c
o
l
l
a
r
u
n t i ! i : i s ; ' u L J ^s'e i t e c ! i n t h e q r o o : ' e
i
n
a
i
u
z
t
S
u
a
5
,
e
t
l
r
c
h
e
l
d
c
o
n
u
e
n
t
i
t
n
a
i
C
tln prope- set
r:he
pir,:.
shea:s
off. E - Vilhen tl,,e c'tltiar is
:o
thet
set
ur;.til
eicc(?ss
collar
diue
D
Corttinue
in the
p
i
n
.
g
i
y
t
p
e
c
t
i
n
l
o
t
h
e
s h e a r e do f f t L r e r eu , i l , !b. e o n l ) , s s m c t o t hc o n i c a l c o t l a r
sL:inis;so.idll' su;rporbedwhen the s;terr is ,lrirren
o uL .
. J . I J L g h - . ; t r e n g t ipt i t t n v e t s

(' A' ), - -- -

Rn.=.if.xfi
-

:1

-----_----------J--::-

(Ar

T i r e s e p a t . e n t ' : dr i v e t s a r e u s e d f o r s u c h a l l p l i c a '
t . i o n s, l s I i r n d i n g . 3 e a ra l | a c h m e n l 1 ! h e r { lt h e h i g h
s l r e a rs l r e n g l n o f a s t ; e e bl o l t , i s n e e c r e dy, e l w h e r e
, r.
^..^^r
^r
t,llU 5i)gCU Ul

^-..)
;-^t^ll-':^lll5UdrlctulUll 4llu

l:-L.
...-,-hL
rItsrrr, h (:rE

O:t a

rivel are an advanlal3e.

A s r e r : lp i n i s c h o s e n w i t , h t h e p r o p c r g r i p l e n g t h
[ c , i 't , h r m e i a l b e i ; r g j o i n e ' d ,a n d i u i s i n s e r [ e l di n L o
t l r , r h o l e i n l h e m a L e r i a l : : h a t h a : sb e e n c i r i l l , : da n d
L . . r si r , t t i a l l o f l h e b t l r r s r e n r o v , : d . A n , a l u r n i n r r m
alloy ,:ollar is slippecl over lhe pin and is swaged

O V E R 1 / 3 2l l l .

'<'e ^ -=-r=:- g--- :5=r= j',

=_===S==:==:r,

'l'.r.*'i'e
ale several tvpes cf high'srrength pin
i ' iv c t s i n c o r r r m o n u s e i n a i r c r a f c c o n s t r t t c t i < l n .
T r e s ef i \ ' o l s a l l h , a v eh i g l i - s r r e n g ' r hs ; r e epl i r r s b f r a r
e i t : h e l d i n p l a c e , n o t b 1 ' u p s , : c r i : r gt h e s h a n k , t r u c
b1,,having a coliar srvaged inLo proovos (:u!
i r io l l r l ( l l h e i r s h a n k .
a. IJi-Shear ,4uets

1 / 3 2t N
, , Av
lllA ^

(B)

>7-+.

(B)

-4

--

(C)

(D)

i-::::

(El

--

(t=)

Fig. I-ll
Inspect.ion o{ Iii-Sh<:ar iuttt ittstallqa l . r i u t n l Tu r t t i !
t.ion. l, [inderr]riuen--ccntinue
B -col,]ar is c,uerdrit,en it7:Z-tnch.ma::it'n,trt.
(l -(.'ollar ').riuen tc.tpoint of c:utoff-ucceJir.,tble.
i) - Co,l.lar
CoLLar cuerdriuen l/32-in<:h--correct.
c'rtJ
]/j'2-in.ch--retrloLe
ouerdr,iuen. rr,:.ore than
repLa.ce.E - Ptn toa shcrt--re)"not)e an<J "er>Lacc
with next. tl.on6,ersize. F - ,ain !.o<;lc,ng--rentoue

^ ^ a a .

rAuc.

Nepal
$d
GArriines

v l-X

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

(A)

(B)

sides of the ptn

Sptit tlte collar in two places on the opposite

si,i7
-fti i t sii.
"' A
Fig. 1'12 n eafij{E tt-i-571
the pin from the hole with a small hammer. C -k
ifitue
B
off.
collar
the
of
a n d k n o c k the haLues

b the headwtth a drll:lisbfu@ler

the. pin,arui hrwch the

theLthq@SleLaf

D J Drirn the pin from the skin with a pin punch

,a

rQn-r1t smallerTtfiTlre diameter of tlte pinHi-Shear rivets may be removed from either side'
if the collar is on the side thal is accessible,il is
cut off with a smali, sharp chisel and the pin is
driven our of the hble. If the collar side cannol be
reachei, che manufactured head may be center
punched in irs exact cenler and the head drilled
iirrougtr r.r'irh a drili siightiy smaller than the
shank. Knock the head off with a small chisel and
punch ;he rivet oul with a Pin Punch'
i

b . S t u m p - t 1 ' P eH u c k - l o c h b o l t

SWAGING
SET

c o L L A-R* m
STUMP

BUCKING
*
BAR

( i.:'

This high-srrength fastener uses a sfump driven

into an interference-fit hole, and a mild sleel or
aiuminum alloy collar is swaged onLo lhe grooves
rn the shank of the stump. These lockbolLs are
lemsved b1' cutting the coliar off and driving Lhe
slump oui of the hole.
c. Blind lochboLt
A lockbolc may be used to fasben two pieces of
maLerial together when there is access[o only one
side. The hole is prepared in the usual way, and
rhe inner collar of the blind lockbolt is pul
Lhrough the hoie and a special ptrller fas[ened onto the grooved stem. A femal die forces down on
the ouler collar as the stem is pulled oul. When
Lhe stem is pulled, it forces a tapered sleeve inLo
inner collar. which sDreads it out

InstalLation of stumr)'tvpe Huch'

Fip' 1-l'3 'A
- Driue the stump through the in'
Lochbolts.
EFffifre
fit hole. B - Driue the. collar.dorun
ouer the grooues in the stump toith a swaging set
in a ivet gun. C - Continue driuing until the
set bottoms on the mateiaL. E - A properly
swaged iollar will loch'into the grooues of ttte

PI\GE: Q!

A I R I S F I A FH
T ARD\VA,RE

,f----------..-.-------fi
/

OUTER
coLLr,R-.

.,",

/ f-------t-.

Sl
14'
*Nf$=\={t,
* R$l-ru,
il

A -- Lnsert th.e bl.ind loc,4bott tltroug'tt the 'izclein

Fig. 1-14 Instaltatictn ZfJlLdl2.A.ElSbL:,-pSi3b91tL
t " i h " : : t e n L a n d . p u l l t l t e : : t e n L u p t h r o u g h t . 4 ec o l l a r , T ' h i s f c ' ! : : e s : h e
Attorfi-ttu.fi,p,
thZ metal. B
inside shin. C - ()oniinuea' ttulling
and sLuelL;.jtout agc,"inst-the
tapered sLeet,einto the-i,llngt-cLtJlS,
ttii,,,
W,\en t}re coilar is fullt swaled intct tit
ste^. il71r;-;:*niTri-{,in
*tn
,"iag;1,ffi7t":
-__-----z**-=----grooues, the ster.nuttlL breah off at the-b.7g7h-'9ffglgol)i.
._----lowerskil,fcrmingtheupselhead..{st,hepulling
ccnLinues, the die forces;the ouler r:ollar into lhe
grooves in cfLest;em. anrf when suf{icient force:is
i::erir:d irl complebely srvag: the outer coilar, the
s l e m b r e a k s o f f , r r a s p e , c i abl r e a k - o f f i r o o v e .
r ,
d.. Jo-Bc'Lts: r
...
T h e s e a . e p a r e n r e c-il f i g f - s l r e n g L h * s r n r c t u r a l -

f a s L e p e r st h i a t a r e u s e c l -i n T i 6 s e . ! < r } e r l m * ,h c , l e ;
*;l]ei?f-fhe s;r=.glElgciq]ilTlg,rrr'uiJ-tlieir,llur
allow the
tFntTFtp}y.iAi-cle;iin,:idoelnot
M
S
,
o
:
N
r
\
S
b
o
l
r
s
.
uiiJofEind,ri-dAN,

T h e f l u s h - h e a , lJ o - B o l t i s s e e n i n l r i ; 3 .i - 1 i . a n i
the tocls used for driving iL are see:r in Fig. 'i 1.6.
The hc'le ior 1,heJo-l3olt; is drilied, r'eanre'i. ani
counLersulrk,and the Jo-Bolris inserl;e,l ilnd htlic
r i g . r r l y i n p l a c e i l i T F - t 5 e r i o s ei d i [ i ? , . o f e ' l i , e , : h e
thi-pbwer tool. The wren<:ha,japt:er
Iia;dfuofor
gri.rs the <livi.ngIlat of the bolt an<l ;crervlsli up
t h r o u g h b l r en r r t . , \ s L h et r o l r p u l l s u l , i L f o r < : e :i :h e
s i e r : v eu p { r v e r L h r :t a o e r e : do u l s j d , l o f t h e n l t a n d
fornrs Lhe blind }ieacl on the inside of Lhe v'o:k.
, h:,Jriving fiai oi
\ 4 / f r e nL h e d r i , . ' i n i: s c o r r r p l e , e L
the bo^t rvill trreak off.

/t)-x'-

''lft'

l'.--4lri(-)

f=i:). t' t{

D R I V IN C i
FI-AT

,IQ
PAGE:

AIRCRAF THARDWARE

@;,Nepal
eAirlines

CHAP: t/C.

IiARDWARE

W R E N C HA D A P T E R

N O S EA

JO.BOLT

{-,..

6ts}.lrl
1/4.tN.
D R I V ER A T C H E T

H A ND T O O L
BOLT
SLEEVE.

\N

' PRR I N G- - - 0
RETATNE

n{bu,

@\"u'
-\

W R E N C HA D A P T E R
NOSE
ADAPTER
A D A P T E RH O U S I N G

P O W E RT O O L
PNEUMATIC

Fig. J'16

InstalLation tools for flush'type Jo,-Bolts

Hand tools B -

A -

Pneumatic power tools

Jo-Boits are removed by drilling through t'he

head of rhe nuL and punching our rhe remaining
porlion of the nul and lhe bolt.

1.

Threod.ed iuets 'Riunuts

'

'
rDa c<a
(2, *#

/-

Goodrich Rivnuts were developed by rhe B'F'

G o o d ric h Co mp a n 1' to a t ta ch r u b!9ldeieLLo-olsto an aircrafr wing or tail surface. A,hole is drilled
in 'uhe skin of !!9-pl!p9l-91?e Lo accomodare lhe
@us,edtocutasmall
rhislocks
" r @ h e h o l d ;i., to tf' eT[i
to-p.e"S.l-t-it GE'g

th-d=EF;f
;EE; itffii"t

"-

*itt LheProPer

grip length is screwed onto the puller and is inserted into the hole with the key on the Rivnut in

l-17 Remouol of flush:

'insidqof-theheaQof

ffiiitt

the nut.' B -

ain to theE;ti

n'-

. than*tEe
Using a propcr

of thepilo'thote. C -

Driue the shanh and blind head from the hole us'
ing o pin punch of the proper size.

BWZNePat

A[RCRAFIT
HARDWARE

WAirtines

cH^P: L/ C.

( s e " ' ) a,' \tn,r 1^p' L,, \.-2't

--'---r--I--i
L1\l

IlAFlD''illjlii

i 1 , , , t( e'--':i l" '- "*Y'

lr u-t-

l/

f',J--<\*(
\ - l <* -/l '

,.-al

eal

T'

/-:-T---T
ttl

+-l

ts+l
lF+
lF.+
le-

(4,)

l><
'I\^

"'r),-

cr.uA

t__Y_

( B ) C[; r--'

C Lr.k,"L

.^)

-\\-t--

)il

lLe^1Lc.l\t*f

.17r, \

t",
B -Fio. j-lg ,Goad-1,chRl;unuts anal instoltatictn tools. A - Countersunh Riunul: with open end
-- Flat-'\eatJ Riunut
tuith closed enai,.. lj - Fbt-h'eod Riu,nut with open:.end D
C:JrntersuiF7,,it""t
'Riuitut
Hand<>peraterl
-.
head.er
G
Riunut
Pneumcltic
Kery cutting tool F
wit,\ closeo.en,C. .E
hea'Cer

P A G E :1 2

Nepal
WAiriines

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

ihe keyrvay cut in ihe hole. When the handle of

'"he puiier is sgueezed, the hollow shank of the
Rivnur is upset and it grips the skin' When the
rool is uriscrerved from the Rivnut, if leaves a
ihreaded hole that will accept machine screq's for
aclaching lhe deicer boot'
Rivnuls are commonlv avallgbie-q'itjr fla! head.s
ancj',vith 100' countersunk-heads'Counlersun\-attd
heaci RivnuLs are maffi
f't"aIIsea rvhen it is necessary to inslall one in a
rnachine counlersunk hole in thin maLeriai'
Rir.nuLs are available witllope.n end:Jgf t:g:!l
s sar-r'
s t aIi a ri <inl, a nd--clo red ef{t-.y-t' gI g i L i s n ece
a
s ln a
s
u
c
h
i ' c - 6 s er h - e mi n a s e a l e dc o m p a r t m e n L
--'-T--.-----*
Dressurlzed sLrucLure.
--to be
The grip length of a Rivnuf and the drill size
1-I9'
Fig'
in
shown
usealot their installarion are
a Rivnul
if. for example, you want to install
0'040-inch
one
lhrough fwo pieces of sheet melai'
just add these ciimenrhick-and the other 0.052,
the required
sions ro find the lotal thickness' or
you need
g:ip. In this insrance it is 0'092-inch' If
a No' 8
will
accomodafe
I fiut-heud Rivnul that
for
charl
length
grip
the
tachine scre\\', iook in
w
ill
8
1
0
0
t
h
e
t
h
a
t
f
i
n
d
t h e f l a c - h e a dR i v n u c a n d
a
n
y
a
c
c
o
m
o
d
a
t
e
w
i
l
l
8
'
i
0
0
U e t i ' , " b e s c c h o i c e .T h e
(
A
n
0
'
1
0
0
i
n
c
h
'
t
o
u
p
n e e t a ll h i c k n e s s f r o m 0 ' 0 7 6
from 0'046
i - l ; * i t t a c c o m o d a t em e t a l t h i c k n e s s
t c U . U/ c - l n c n . l
lhe same pro'
Rivnurs mav be removed by using
riveLs' excepi
soiid
out
cedure as thal for driliing
the drill and
guide
wiil
inat che hoiloq' shank
make rerrrol'ai easier.
C.

Threaded Fasteners

bolts or
Threaded fasleners such as nuts and
wilh
Logether
fastened
be
ro
parls
scre\^'s allor,r'
parts
yet
ailo"r'the
and
strength,
all of the needlci
necessary'
io be disassembled as many times as
or MS specS t a n d a r d f a s L e n e r sw i t h A N ' N A S ,
appiications'
ifications are used for mos! aircrafl
from
and rhis type of hardware, which is available
'
specifica'
its
aviation supplie.s, is identified by
resemble
rion nu*Uei. Special fasteners may
number'
part
standard parts, but have a different
with
replaced
be
These special fasteners rnust
not
may
and
number
those having the same part

cuat S/5.

liARDi;rRE

be replaceciwilh a similar looking standard parL'

Often the difference between a slandard and a
special parl is in the maLerial used, or in the
c l o s e r L o l e r a n c ei n i t s m a n u f a c l u r e , o r i l m a - v b e
onlv the more critical inspeclionlhe part is'given'
Thread trpes and fits

Almosl all slandard aircrafl hardware uses lhe

A m e r i c a n N a b i o n a lS t a n d a r d T h r e a d i n e i t h e r t h e
c o a r s e - L h r e a d( N C ) , o r t h e f i n e - l h r e a d .s e r i e s( N F ) '
F i g . 1 - 2 0 g i v e s L h es i z e o f l h e s c r e w a n d b o l l a n d
the number of threads per inch in both series'
19-99 nro
The sizes0-80 throughboth 12-24and
machinescrervsizes,and Lhe fracbionsi n d i c a t e
the diamererof aircraftbolts.

The fit of bhe threads is given by their class, and

for almosl all aircrafL boits a class-3, or medium
fit. is used, whiie some machine screws use a
Clhss:2; or-qfree fil.

2.

Standard aircraft bolts

Airframe boLts
a- Airframe

i' ''

-r

The AN3 through AN20 bolt has a hex-head and

is usedfor airframes[rucLuralaoplcations anATs
av ail abi ei n-Eadffililrn-P1ated nickel steel, in corsreel(C),and i n 2 0 2 4 a l u m i n u m
rosion-resistant
(DD).
theseboils have Nationai Fine
of
AII
allol'
Threadsivilh a class-3fit.
iLs
The specification number of the bolt identifies
an
diameter in 1/I6-inchincrements' For example

of 3li6-I,ncl

AN3 ;ffir

"i
a xNza\ b
^1
e me
e tLeerro f 4 / 1 6 - ,o r l / 4 - t n c h a n d
A
o tl r h ea cs :a dd ii a
A
l
\
y
'
u
?
u
urt'
fhis designation conlinues up Lo tne
l'114
which has a shank diameter of-29!Ds:'-9r
inch.

nV
Vffr"
FAA does no[ allow bhe use of steel bolts
smaller than 3/I6'inch or aluminum alioy bolts
smaller chan 1/4'inch for structural applicaiions'
The ciash number of lhese shndard bolts inFror!
dicaLes their length in 1/6-inch incremenls'
3 1 8 - i n c hu P t h
-6 mear-rs
't Uo,tf
iirl length (-4 indlcates 4/8,
"6/8)'
qo.\
woulo
as
one inch long; however, is nol q;B
which
be expecied ias it is 8 eighthsllsil[EZalO'
inch
an
of
eighths
plul
zero
means it is one inch
-14' or one
a
w
o
u
l
d
.
b
e
l
o
n
g
i
n
c
h
long. A bolt 1'1/2

fiA

axv,

Nepa'l

\gl

AIRCRAFTIi-{A.RDWARE

gAinines

cHr\P:

h/ v.

tr

A ta -\ '

--

.tiAl1:,';:anr-

H E I . DM A R K I N G

l\r
G R I Pt \ , O .
FLAT
HEAD

. 1 0 0 .C S t i

G R I PR A N G E

0 . 0 4 8H E A D

G R I PN O .
G R I PF A N ( i E

GRIPt'rrO'

't00' cs|(
0.06H
3 EAD

AC

0 . 0 1 00.045

91

/7:),

flr
\t'

\&rt

'75

160

100

ltzo

0 . 0 4 60.075

u.t, / o -0.i00

0.120

0.121
0.'140

0 . 14 1
0.1611

'121

146

166

1tl6

2t0{i

0.167
0.186

t l . " t 8 7. -

< Ai

0 . 0 4 80.091

0.0920.121

0.146

0.147-0.'166

106

136

161

181

2,J1

it21

0.i62-0.i81

0 . 1 8 20.201

3.202.0.221

c R t PB A N G E 0.0630.106

U. IJ/.-

0.161

0 136

i1')nA

GRIP = 0.040-l- 0.052= 0.092

F O F tA l . l 8 - 3 2S C R E WL I S E
FIIVNUT
AN 8K1OO
8 = 8 - 3 2S C R E W
K = K E Y E DR l ' { N L ' T
1 0 0 = 0 . 0 7 { i- 0 . 1 0 0G R I PR A N G I :

. ' 10 0 0 -

\y.

'll lt- Nr[-f

r-r--,----r X.

./'

-\''

I
Y

""t'10x"
Ll.UO i)

,/+
--

F:T--T;Z--T-l
lt

H [N

o.o4g

ilil1

Bil

F IVN UT I D E N T I F I C A T I O N
8

K.

II
t_

ll
I
L---

161

L - - c R l P R A I ' I G (Eo - 1 3 70 ' 1 6 1 )

S C I I E WS I Z E

E
OIJl'SID
D:lAlvlETUF

c Los;ED.ENc) Rt'/ NLtr

D.JZ

3 i1 6 "

K E Y E DB I V NU T

8.32

7i32"

T H I S R I V N U ' II' S F O N A I , I8 . 3 2S C R E : W

10-32

Ft'g. l-19

R'iunut ldent:ification

tr{

e Nepat

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

gf,.nirlines

N
' "A' nT LI OoNr AuLlFt IrN ET H R E A DS E R I E S

A s s3 ( N R
F t r 'c L-----'-T#

D i a .o f
Size
b
odyfor
and
t
Threads hread
0-80

.060

1-72

.073

2-64

.086

BodY
Drill

Tap Drill
Size
3/64

4t

#53

42

#50
uAc

noQ

4-48
5-44

6-40
8-36

1 o - 3 2I
12.28
114-28
5116-24

.U/ J

r.qA

.uoo

3-48

.099

27

.138

#33

6-52

.164

138

27
18

#29

10-24

H21

12-24

IU

?qn

.3125

.4375
.500

#3

5/16.18

?1?q

3/8-16

q/14

1 tz I

.216
tq,n

s<(

.216

.1qo

5/64

29

o-J/

.1s0

4Cl
i J

+L

1tq

H38

Tap Drill
Size

q, 1t

114
I ta

25

.164

Body
Drill

4-40

.125

7116-20

#39

<o
IU

#29

10

#26

-f
u4
n tl

114

#8

5/16

#F

3/8

5/16
tl

a\

7/16-14

A ' 1 7i

7116

1t2-13

.500

112

27164

zl to

9/16-12

9/16

31/64
1 7 l'\2

5/O- I I

.5625

9/16

112

.625

5/8

9116

314-10

314

11/16

718-9

7t8

51/64

1.8

1.0

49/64

3/4-16

718-14
1-14

1.64

5-40

7/16

5/8-18

D i a .o f
Size
b o d y fo r
and
Threads thread

#42

318-24

9/16-18

_--------1-

JI

112

3/8

112-24

SERIES
N A T I O N A LC O A R S ET H R E A D
(
N
C)
3
M E D I U MF l r . C L A S S

1.000

tap d'itt
Fig. 1-20 Body and

1.000

Jr.+

41/64

718

49164

1.0

Screu' Tltreads
sizes for American National

tto

l)AGI:: ).5

$l

Nepal

AIRCRAFTHA,RDWARE

AAIrlines
kry thr: [ebl:r 'rt
A.n un-drilled bolt is icienLifierd
f o l l o r v i n i 5t h e d a s h : r u m b e r . A n A N 6 C l 2 ' \ b r l l l 'i - '
n r a d e ,o f c o r r o s i o n - r e s i s l a n Ls t e e l . i s : i / ; - i n c hi l 1
d i a m e c e r ,1 - 1 1 4i n c h e s l o n g , a n d c l o e sn o l h e i v ea
h o l e l r i l . e d i n i t . ss h a n , i .

ETIR

p;.g.1-21 Al,i3 through AL'20 oirirame bolts

inc):lph.rsfour eighths. This trrpe of nteasuretnenL
coni,inues, with the firsc digit inciicating lhe
nurnber of in<:hes;arLd t;econd the number ctf

S o m e A N b o l t s , s u c h a s ; h o s ; eu s e d t c f a s t ' e n a
p r o p r : l l e ri n t o a f l a n g e c s h a f l , m u s ; lb r : s ; a : e ' : i t lbdi '
passing safeLl'rvire rhro-rgh hoies irr [hrebo];
h e a d . A b o l t . d r i l i e d f o r t h i s l y p e o f s a f ' a r y i n l lh a s
the latler H preceding lhe numbt:r indicatir'g iis
I e n g t , h ., \ r i . A . N t ; H 3 4 A * ' o r : l d i d e r r t i f r ' 1 . h eb o l t a s
in
beinrr nrad0 o:' n:ckel-sr,$I, i-".i!g-lE]$
l
:
c
ie
a
h
a
v
:
n
l
a
n
d
l
o
n
g
,
irunei
d@et",lT-tn
shanli.
the
in
notre
crilled in iLs head. but

eignths.
Thr: material of which the b'rlt is rrrade is identified by markt; on its head. If thr: boit is made of
it will have an
nickel-srleelanci is cadmiu:n p.Late'C,
asterisi<or a cross in the centr:r ol its head. If it' ::s
made of corrosion-resislant sr:eel,it rvill have orre
dash mark on its hearl;and if ir is an al-uminuln
alhy b,rlt, it will have tu'c dash marks.
Ah:mirrum alloy bolts are codei wilh the lettrlr
DD in place o:: the darsh.ancl co::rosion-resisLant
(1. For e'xarl'
sbeeibolts are coded rvith the, lerler
ple, an A.\J4DD14 boit is rr 1r4-inch diarnelr:r
a h : m i n u m - a l l o y b o l t , l - 1 1 ! ! : f t ! i c ' n g .A n A N 5 C : ; 6
b o l . t r s m a d e o f c : o r r o s i o n - r e s i s l a n sl l e ' : I , h a s a
c i i a . m e l eo
r f 5 / . 16 - i r c h , a n < l i s 3 - 3 i 4 i n c h e s I o n g '

L . I ) r i l i e d j n e a c le n s i n ' z b c l t s
l \ N ? 3 ( l \ 4 5 2 0 0 7 3t)h r o u g h A N 8 1 ( l \ ' 1 S 2 { ) C 8bIo) l t ' s
a.re hex-head. nicllei-s;ree..bolts, sirrjlar in appearancr3to the An* 3 throu.gh AN 20 series,e xcepi
with,a
they have a tb.ickr:r.h,eadrt{f*3]9{
lrlLr?rsecetn
an(l
tlaLs
Ine
of
elrch
across
hc,le
srmal.l
----a
tine axr;?.ih,)le In tfle conLer ol Lne rlilo' r\r] .\r\ '/r

t,he iia.

boliTtr?6*eG-ililffii.cEJ;d

/-l-:1.

,,^l-|
Il]llllTililnilii---Ti
/-

-!

l'-\

(.-.j].'1r)

--ljij

.--

f*"*'o -;-I

L[:NGTH

i :-z'

---

,AN73(114520073) : ! / 1 6D I I \ M E T E R
,AN74(MSr:0074) 4 / 1 6( 1 / 4 )D I A N I E : T E t l

\*

(:)
E-J

[2r
Y'___-/

{or'i
(A)

(B)

(c)

Ftg. 1-22 The marh on the hec:-dof a boLt iden'

til'ies the mateicl af uhich it is ma<Je. A
()orrosi<tnCttc)mtum-pLai:ednichel steel B
resistc,-nt:;tee,t C - 2021 oLuminunt aLloy

ANTs (rvrs20075) I ; / 1 6D I I \ M E ] E R
AN76 (l\4S'r0076) 6 / 1 6( 3 / B )D I A N I E : T E l l
A N 7 7( M 5 : 2 0 0 7 7 ) l ' l 1 6 D l r \ M E l ' E R
A N r S ( M S : 2 0 0 7 8 ) B/16 (1/:) DlhlVlE:TEll
AN 19 (MS200'r9)

9 / 1 6D I A M I = ' 1 ' E R

AN 80 (M5:20080) 1 0 / 1 6( 5 / 8 )D I A M I E T E F I
When harrJwareu'as f irst standardized, rllmost all
n l r t s u ' e r es a f t r l i e do n t o t h e b o l r s w i t h c o b b e rp i n s ,
arrd all of the bol..s had h.oler;dri.lled near lhe end
of the shank to accomodaLe the pi:n. Vy'he:nserlflocking nrtls t>ecamepopular, many sLandal:dl'N
b o l L s w e r r :m r l d e w i t h o u t t h e h ' c l e i n t h e s h a n k '

A N 8 1 ( M S : 2 0 0 8 1 ) 1 1 / 1 6D l A f \ 4 E : T E R
FiS.

I-2,3' Al't73

eng,:.nebolts

through

AI''181,:lrih!.ed-iteatl

sd Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

rcAirlines

CHAP:A/C.
d. Cleuis bolts

incremen[s to the
m e L e r sC o n c l n u eu p l lr 1 / 1 6 - i n c h
o f 1 1 / 1 6 - i n c h 'T h e
l,NSr. which has a diameLer
lhe same way as
i""*tir of r,hesebolls is specified
bolLs'
rhe"]engths of the airframe

*" b-"ippUZu tio=ry!&" " ba!-*CJ'b"

i;e"a-r"'F66'ir'@"

a bolc
;*!trlo=g-cgLtiol-her!
.+it'h
to pivot
cable
"I-b.
the
iilow
co
riat-te-faf"t*Ett

ffi

must noL be
i."ay u. the surface moves' but il
a clevis
applications
these
For
fall out'
"Uf"-to

are safetied by passing

Since all of these boils
none
through the holes in their head'
1"1*a'
their
in
"'i*
havb colber, pin holes drilled
"i-ift"*
shank'!" "'i t)^t' - / "')
Close-tolerancebolts

ance assures

3
' a ciose-

t]r

ootr musu-Ei-uieil T!":t^ }Ilt,1 j,^"

Loierance
a fit of r-0'0005-inch'
AN186 bots are ground to
the shank is greased
and after Lhey are ground'
wit'h cadmium'
;;;1.. than bling placed

inbolrs are measuredin the same

Close-lolerance
c r e n ] e n L s o f d i a m e t e r a n d l e n g L h a s t hwirh
e s r aan d a r d
bolts, and thel' are identified
;t;;;;
o' ihe asferisk dn their
rhe
;;;;;i;"."und
"'o'i is a 5/16-inchdiamerer
;;;J: An AN1?5-26A
inches long' wiLh no
.to].*roiurunce boil. 2-3i4
t'
ioi. atiti"a in iLs shank'

I
V
DIA

T_
I
F__-

b.oorur* eNg boitsto +0'0000

, 9 9,05:{::
lhat the boits

iri t'r i" ti'" f,6i

I
t_

i '-'

bolts are manufacSanoard AN3 throu'ghAN20

of *0'0000 l"r"a *irft a diameier toierance
A N 1 6 b o l t s .T h i

- ) t.'i *
I t.; .l'

to-this po-int
All of lhe bo-lls we have discussedBut
teniililoads'
or
mav be used for eith;heti
'r#;

are available in bolh

Drilleci-head engine bo]ls
An AN?5-16 would
i,""-"ta .our.u-tht"ad types'
fine-lhread engine bollt . 5/16-inch
i;;;;i;r;
"and 1-3/4 inches long' Bul if iL were an
;l;;;;;'
it would
i t w o u l d b e t h e s a m e s i z e 'b u l
" xaivi eei oc 'o a r s e L h r e a d s '
h

c.

HARDIJJTRE

LENGTH

1ANzt

6 . 4 0M A C H I N ES C R E W

) nruza

8 . 3 6M A C H I N ES C R E W

i
. AN23

1 0 . 3 2M A C H I N ES C R E W

AN24

"1
7t4-28

AN25

5116-24

AN26

318-24

7116.20
AN28
AN29

9 / 16 . 1I

AN30

5/8.18

AN3?

3/4.16

AN34

7lB-14

AN36

l.l{

SHANK NOT
D R I L L E DF O R
COTTERPIN
1 4 / 1 6( 7 / 8 )I N C H L O N G
1/4I DIAMETER
CLEVIS BOLT

close'tolerance
F-ig. 1'24 A N 1 73 tltrough AN I 86
boit.s.

,[NT DD IO

Al/.f.'n.'*. &nli'

cleuis bolts'
Fig. 1-25 AN21 through AN36

tL-,i..

rl ir /,.6: 6 t{ttl , /--

, : ' ' , 1i l . r '

lt : l-,

,l
\
t:2a,)

t
ir..

'[ir
F'A{iE:

AIRCRAFTHARD'//ARE
b o l t . i s u L s c dT. h e A N 2 l t h : o u t 5 h I ' N 3 6 c l : r ' i s b o l t
h a s a d o m e d h e a d s l o r t e d o r I e c e : i s e cLi o a c c r : p La
s c r c w d r i v c t . ] t r e s e m b l e : ;a s c r 3 \ ' {e x c ( j p Lt h a L
l h e r e i s o n l y a s h o r l p o r t i o n o f t h e s r a n l <L h a t i s
L h r e a c i e da. n d t . h e r ei s a s r r a l l n o ' : c h b e [ \ v e e l ][ h e
l h r r : a d sa n d l h e s h a n k .

lir\FiililJAP.il

"'RADlLts

- - -r'lrjj',
D,,;T-riilIlitnili-lll
"'^
'tlt7
i _uluttlllll-_i_i

The diameter of a ':levis b'cit is given in l./16'inch''

i n c r e m e , n t s ,a c , : o r c i i n gt o L h e r a t r l e r l f F i g . 1 - 2 i i .
' f h e l e n g l h o f a c l e v i s b o i t i s m < t r er : r i t i c a l l h a n
' r . d i L i s n r e a su r e d
s f t , o i L r ;a
l h a r o f t . h e, t L h e ,cr 1 " p e o
i n c : r e n t e n Lw
s : l h l , h e, l a s h n u m b , : r i n in 1/16-incfL
dicilting tfre lengLh in I/16ths of an inch. An
A N 2 9 - 2 0 i s a 9 / 1 6 ' i n c f Lc i i a m e l e r , : l e v i sb , r l l 1 1 0 / 1 6
( 1 - 1 / 4i)n c h l o n g .
T h t : n u 1 ,o n c l e u i s c o l t s m a y b e o f e i t . h e rt h e s e l f iocliing lytr)e or il ma'l be safetied onto the boit
w i l h a 3 o l t e r p r i n .I f b n e c l e v j s b o l t i s n o t d r i i l e d
for a cotie:r pin, ihe lelU!.qt*,4-iillolvs"-l;he dash'
Jrunber,. An A.\22'8A cle'vis bolt wo:ld ::eqttirea
sell-locl<ing;nul;, as il ir; not driilecl for a coller pin.
I

,,'
cr-iAP r,/!.

'

"'1''

i.-|cntp

l-

-]

,..*atu +-0.c15

M520004

114-23

MS2C005

E,116.24

MS2cl00ei

U8-2t4

MS2C|007

7'116.20

MS2Ct00i

112-2t0

MS20009

sl/16.18

M520010

5/8-18

M5200111

3/4.16

M520014

i'l8-14

e . I n t e r n a l w r e n c h i n 1 Tb c ' l t s
MSi20034 thrrrugh 14S20024 bolts are highstrenglh s';eei bolts lhal are us,:d primarily for
tensile loarls. iihe:;e b,rlts ha're a raciius between
t h e h e a d a r r d l h e s l - r a n i ia, n d * ' h e n t h ey a r e i n s t a i i '
ed in steel 1:arLs,lhe hoie tnusl be counlerbored t;o
s e a I l h e r e r d i u s .V i / h e n t h e y a r e i n s t ; a l l e di r r a ] r : m i n u m a l l o y , a n I \ ' 1 S 2 0 C 0 0 2 Cr v a s h e r m u : ; t t r e
u s e l du n d e r .l h e h e a d t . o p r o v i d e ; h e n e e d e db e a r rng area.

M 5200'16
M5 2 0 0 1 { l

T h e s L r e n g t h o f t h e s e i n t e r n a l w r e n c h i n E ;M S
bolcs ir; highe:: than :hat, of sbandard .t\N bolls
anri for Lhis reaso:r A.\ b'rits musl neve::be used
l o s u b s ; t i t r - r l feo r t h e n r .

l- l+

1.1t8-12

M,S20020

l- ilt+- ta

MS2002:Z

1-3lti-12

M52002,1

'l-112-12

j'ig.
3.

Nuls

a.

nuts
I,,lon-self-Locking

1-.26 Hi17h-strengtlt i.zternal wren,:hing

t>o Lt:;, Iu'52(10O4thro uli h I't S2N2'1.

( 1 ) A N 3 l 0 a i r : r a f t c a . s t L en u t
A l l n u " s u s e d i n e r i r c r a f lc o n s i r r - r c L i on r u s t h a i ' e
s o m e v / a y o f l o c k i n g l h e n r l o p r e ' . r e n tL.h e i rb e c o r n '
in1; locrserind failing off. NIetnv nuLs are htlld rln
t h , eb o . , tb ; r p a s s i r r ga c o l : e r p i n l h r c ' u g h a h o l e i n
t h e b o l t s h , a n ka n d t h : : o u ; ; hs l o t s , o r c a s t e l i a t i o r r s ,
in the nut. Other:; have l;omeform of locking ;nsel-Lto grip the tirreads c,f lh.e bolL, and a ft:w clepcnci c,n the tr:nsion of a spring-typ,: lo<:k-t*'asher
to hold bhe nuLttighl enough ag,ainsl the tfrreads
L o p r e ' r e n t ,i t s v i b r a t i n g l o o s e .

'Ihe,se

fine-;hread nuts are designed brl fit. on the

islarrdard air frarrre t,olt (Al{3 - AN20) u'ith a
, : l a s d f i t , a n d t h e ] ' m a 5 ' b e u s e d w h o - r trh r : b o l l i s
tililtloriAs.
sub-ect:d ro etthe,GF6]or
,The

siz,: of the nu1,is indicatr:d l,y the dar;h nurnber which is the size of thre b,clt it fil;s, Ieor"exan'
ple an'/\N [iI 0-6'ntrt'fits an AN.6,,bolc.wiriqh'.]as a r
diameter of 3/B-incil

P A G E1: 8

\ # Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

@Airlines

CHAP: J:\/C. }IARDIJARE

(A)

e
(c)

(D)

o
(G)

- ANS10 aircraft castle nut B - AN320 shear castle nut C

Storttlard aircraft rtuts A
r.
L i : . r 1-27
I;ig.
'
nut'caarse
^ : - ^ - ^ r t chech
^ L ^ ^ L nut
- , , t EF - AN340
a N . ? 4 0machine
m n c h i n e screu'
s c r e u ' nut-caarse
- AN3l6 aircraft
AN315 aircralt plttirt nttt D
- AN360 plain
H
nut
engine
slotted
AN355
G
threod I.' - AN345 machine screut nnt-fine thread
engine nut I - AN350 tuing ttut
t

PI\GE:] !

Wtr Nepat

AIRCRAFTT
HARDWARI:

ffit|l,nirtes

cHAP: A/ C,, E:ARDlJ,{IiEl

screw.

,A\n Al\

o'iLrl-'l-'c r () r) <rrr

Afr ll rtl nuts ate ar-ariztde rn r:adrnluln-plaLe'x nlc'

ItLS UlO'JZ llracnrne

k e l s c e e l .i r . c o r r o s i o n - r e s i s t a n ts l e e l . a n < ii n 2 0 ? ' 4
a l u r r r i n u m a l l o ; 1 .T h e n i c k e l s l e e l n u t ' s d o n c ' l u s e
a n \ m a l e r i a l c i e s i 3 n a : i o ns o ' l e . b u t a c o r r o s i o n r e s i . s r a r rsLl . e e ln u l i s e : nA - N 3 1 0 C 6 'a n d o n e m a < i e
o f a i u r r L i n u ma l l o l i s i d e n t i f i e d ' a s a n A ' N 3 1 0 t ) 6

( 5 ) A \ ' 3 4 5 f i n e ' t h ' ' e a c im o c h t n e s c r e u rn u t

hrrl

(2) AAI32C)aircrai'i shear castle nut

Tht:se ltut:; ar3 made of Lhe salne r,ater'ial anci
h a v e l h r es i l m e L h r e a d a s t h e A I I 3 i 0 n u l , e x c e s L
thar thev a.re rnuch tbinner and ;rre rrsecionly f or
she,arloads on clevis boits. An lt'N320-6 nu'L is a
sherarcastie nr:t that would be prop'erlv used <ln
an AN26 clevis boit. An alumirtum allcy 12024\
n u t ; i s i d e n r i f i e r da s a r A I { 3 2 0 D i . .
(3) AI\Sli; airciaft Ptlain nut'
T h e s e f i n e - r h r e a dn u t r ;d o n o t h a ' e a n 1 ' p r o v i s i o n s
for loclling [hom 1.orhe bo]t and musi iepend 'ln
eit,ner jamming a check nut against. them' or by
.
using a. sp.ring'type iock washer between the nut
force
spr:ing
a
to
apply
an<l che mi:.rerial :,n o::der
to prerrent, rhe nut shak.ing loc'se. AN315 nu.ts
may be used with eicher tensile or shear loa<isa:rd
are,-available in nickel steel,'c'c'rio:iion:ieiitta.tt
'lhev
are rnade *'ilh
steiel, ernd alu.minum alloy;
. A - nA N 3 1 5 - l / R !
t
h
r
e
a
d
s
.
bor:hright; and left'hand
threads lhat
rig)rt:hand
is il nickel sLet:ln'.rt r'r'ith
i
s
z
t
firs an AN? bolr. An .AN;315114L one-qttart:ri n c h - d i a m e r t e rc o r r o s i o n - t e s i l ; L a n is t , e e lp i a : n n u t
w i t ; h l e r f t - f r a n cllh r e a d s . T h e i e r t e r D i n t . n e d e signarion .{N315D-6R indicales thar the nul is
m e L d eo f 2 0 2 4 a i u m i n u m a l i o Y .

' , v i i l f i r a 1 1 4 ' 2 0: o l t '

a . l u r r r i n u ma l l o l ' n u t c i r a t

1 [ h e r ; en u l s a r e s i r r r i ] a r t o t h e A i \ i 3 4 0 I r u t s i : x t l e p t
' hey are
t . h e - 'h
- a v e n a t i o n a l - f i r L es e r i e s b f r r e a d r ;T
s
L
e r e l ,c o r '
c
a
r
b
o
n
available in cadmiunr-plalec'
(
C
)
,
b
r
commercial ass (Il).
r o s i o n - r : s i s L a n :s L e e l
(
D
a n d 2 0 2 - la i u m i n u r n a l l o : ' D ) . h n l l J 3 4 > I l 6 i : ; a
i > r a s sn r r l L h a t r v i l i f i t a 6 - 4 0 m e r c h i n esr; c r e r l ' l.\ r '
. \ N 3 . 1 5 D D . 11 6 i s a n a l u m i n u r n a , l o y n u t , t h r l l r ' r ' i i . '
I ' i t a ' 1 , - 1 - 2b8o i l .
(7) .44:355 slottecl engine nu:t
f o r u s e o n a n a : r t : r a f ir : n g i n e r
j s r n a r l eo i
a n d i s n o t a p p r o \ r e df o r a i : : f r a m e u s e l t
i
n
.ne,tiortal
i
i
t
h e a t . - t r e a L e rslt e e l ' a n d h a s ;a c : l a s : ; - 3
::ine rhrea<ls and is available in siztrs irom
. A N i l 5 5 ' 3 ( 3 / 1 6 ' i n c n )r , r A N 3 i i 5 ' 1 2 ( 3 / 4 - i : r c h l .

'T.hi< nrrr ic iecisn,.d

(8) A^'36A pLc:,inengtne izut

'Ihis

n u L ti s s i r n i l a r L . l h e A N 3 1 t 5 e x c e p r l ; h a t t r
C o e sn o ! h a v e l h e s l o t . sf c , r a c o l : e r r : i n a n d i l . f r a s
for aira biack rus:proof iinish. Ir is not appr'3r'erC
n
l
f r a n e u s e . A n A N 3 6 0 - ? i s a p l a i . ne r L g i n e - l t l i l a l
t r t s a r ' l b - r n c r ro o l t .
P)

AI'35C) wing 'tut

\ \ i i n g : r u l : ; a t ' e l i s e i l v h e n i L . i s n e c e s ; s a r vL l
r e m o v e a u L n i Lf r e , q u e n L l ya n d w i t h o u i t h e u s e c f
any tocls. They are made of eiLher c:lcITiiLrrp l a t . e d s l e e l o r b r a s s r a n da r e a v ' a i l a b l ef r o r n s i ' - e s
tha! fit a nurrrber six machine ricrwup to slzes
c h a cf i t a i / 2 - i n c h b o l t . A l l o f l h e s e n ' J t s h a v e n a H) Alnlll chech nu;.
tiorral iine *tfr ie4cis,-vrilh a clasrs-2 f iL. l\rrts fcr
m a < : h i n es ( l r e v r s' i z e s a r e d e : s i g r r a L e db y j u s r t h e
A c h e c k n u t i l ; u s e c it o j a m a g a i n s t a p l a i n n u L L o
n u r e b e : :o f t h e s c l e w i a n A N 3 5 0 - 6 n u t f i t s a 6 - ' 1 0
Iock it onLo ia bolg so it cilnn':t back off' T'he
, h i l e n u l . s t h a t f i t l l c ' l L sh i l v e l h e
m a r : h i n es ( : r e \ ^ 'w
&lrJ3i-0,:qu!-19'nqc.dcl{.9:l-4rn,r.ggl.'p}t-cselstee-Lsnd
g
i
v
e
n
i
r : 1 i . . 6 - i n c h i n c r e r r r e t r L sf c l l l o v i ' e d
s
i
;
l
e
threa'Cs'
b
o
l
r
-is availabi-e ir, both right- and lefl-hanrJ
i

. An AN3rt0-6I6rtrL for er:anrn

u
r
n
b
e
r
fius
b
}
'
[
h
e
that
nur
An Ali3l.rl-4Fi is a ril3hr-hand checi':
(
6
/
1
6 )i n c h b o l L .
l
l
i
6
p
l
e
,
a
f
i
r
r
;
}
r
d
s
w
h
i
i
e
l
\
N
3
I
6
'
{
L
an
a c;uarLer-inch,(Al\4)bolt,
lerft-h'ancled
quarter'incrh
a lefc-hand'threa,C for a
b . ' S e l f - l c , c k i n gr L u t
bois.
ffi

A,N340}cttarie-threcid mochtne r;crew nut

Ttrese nuls are made in rnachinerscrew sizes from

numbttr z,lup thr,)ugiir quarler i:rch, anrJ thLe] are

steel
av ai lalqleip*s+t&fl**l.ggbraerfgJ*eacs!$134!
}' eA
.{CIlirbrass.{
Bf,,ran{e2J}$4valu:nin:urnialloy;(I}D
.rnui*i{"6ff,[iii5Effi Sr*Ns.is13 6,rdrar.lrr&d*riir*t]rar

(1) Loa-temF,eraturc' se".f-Lochingrtuts

AN'36i self-lockingnuLs are used on bolls or
'vibrat'ir'g
m a c h i n e s ( l r e v r ' sa n d a r e p r e v e n t e d l . r o n ,
'llhis
l o o s e b y a ; ne l a s b i ci n s e r t . a b o v e t h e t h r e a d s
fib,:r oi plaslic irrserl harsa hole slightlv srnall'3r
t h a n l h e d i a r r r e L e ro f t h e t h r e a d s o : o w h i c h i t r i t s '

PAGE:
20

$d

Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

EtrAirlines

*tae: g/ g.

HA1".Dr\;-{RE

be scre'*'edciown out'o Lhe

@st
t
he chamfer on the end of
o
f
a
l
l
i
e
a
s
t
a
t
" bolt until
fhe inserl' If the bolb
through
proirudes
the bolt
thread and not more
one
leasl
at
chamfered,
is noL
than rhree threads should protrude t'hrough the
nul.'
\)
,/.

t "/^t

Some bolts have bheir shank drilled for a cotler

pin. and lhese bolls may fs used with self-locking
nuts, provided the boit is 5/16-inch or larger in
ciiameier and the edges of lhe cotler pin hole are
charnfered so there are no burrs around the hoie'
in any
Lorv-temperature nuls should not be used
250
exceed
wili
localion ,uhere the temperature
e
n
g
i
nes
o
n
u
s
e
f
o
r
degrees F. They aie approved
e
n
g
ine
t
h
e
b
v
onlf in those locaLions specified
manuf ac[urer.

locaS e l T - l o c k i n en u r s s h o u l d n o f b e u s e d i n a n y
rotato
is
subjecl
/t;on where-the nut or the boit
rion. This includes such applications as control
hinge pins.
1:

AN365
FiS. 1-28 Setf-loching nuts..A . .B
(':7i;;;
M520365) Lou''temperaturesetf-locking.nut'
sel,f'
shear
MS2ffid4) lou'-temperature
seLf'
C - AI'i363 high'temperature
nut.
ioching
locking nuts'
it lo run down on
The ciass'3 fit of rhe nuf allows
enlers the inserL'
.i. titt"uat easily until the bol!
lo turn Lhenul'
and then a wrench must be used
i n s e r t ' i t L r i e st o
When the boit threads enler ihe
the hole is smaller
io."" it oul of the nut' Since
a strong der't"ntiun tn" bolt' however' it' exerLs
of the axial
l"".a prrrt', on lhe nul lhai removes all
lhe nul
and
bolt
lhe rhreads of rhe
pfuit,"r*"en
of the
all
and creates so much friclion belween
c
annol
n
u
l
t
h
e
,nr"ua, lhal are in conlacl that
vibrate }oose.
inLo'lhe inThe bolt does not accualll' cul Lhreads
t
h
e resilienl
i
n
t
o
r".i,-U"t rather forces iLs way
p
ermanenl
n
o
a
r
e
maLerial, and because Lhere
may be
n
u
t
s
t
h
e
s
e
threads made in lhe insert,
iong as
as
usabie
t"ut"a many ti'mes' Thel' are
lhe
and
nut
bhe
there is enough friction beLween
by
hand'
down
Lurned
bolt that lhe nul cannot be
never be
requiring a wrench instead' A tap musL
easier Lo
make.it
io
nut
*i ti.toi,g'n a self-locking
the
deslroy
would
this
orrio the bolt, as
,.."*
Iocking abilitY of lhe nut'

(2) High-temperature self'loching nuts

250
In appiications where temperatures exceed
the
as
such
a"gt'u.. F, high-remperaLure iocknuts
of
f
i
b
e
r
a
u
s
i
n
g
ni-sO3 can be used. Rather Lhan
t
h
e
re
a
c
l
i
o
n
'
l
o
c
k
i
n
g
plasric insert Lo provide lhe
grip
the
to
made
l.u ,..'".u1 ways the nuL may- be
of the end
bolr. Some of fhese nuts have a porLion
gives
This
slorred and the siots swaged together'
d
i
a
m
eler
lhe end of rhe nut a siightly smaller
of
lhose
grip
wiil
ihun rt-,ebodl', and lhe rhreacis
s
q
u
e
e
z
ed
n
u
l
t
h
e
rhe boir. Othl.s have lhe end of
s
c
r
e
\
\rs
b
o
l
t
inlo a siightly oval shape,and as rhe
h
o
le
t
h
e
m
a
k
e
up rhqotigh ihe th.eads it must
r o u n d . .T h i s p r o v i d e s l h e g r i p p i n g a c L l o n '
availabie
Since both types of self-lockingnuls are
n
u
mber of
i r - ,i r o c t t X f ' a n a N C t h r e a d s , t h e d a s h
a
nd lhe
t h e n u l s p e c i fi e s b o t h t h e d i a m e t e r
t
h
e dash
number of threads per inch' We see
in Fig'
n
u
r
s
numbersfor both AN365 and AN366
t-29.
('7

Special forms of self-loching nuts

t

b)

AN364 shear self-Loching nuts r

., l_t,.t

'j
tn- it

nuL'
These nuLs resemble the AN365 self-locking
shear
but they are Lhin and are approved onl]' for
ioads. They are made lo be used on cievis bolls
thal do not have drilled shanks'

PAGE: l-t

Nepal

P,IRCRA]FT
HAFIDWITRE

Wil'ttnes
(t') ,\nchor nuts /

DAS,H
NUMI]ER

S I Z EP , N DT H R E A D ] S

- 440
t i C R E W( N C )
| 4.40 Mr\CHTNE
- 44.8
1 . 4 8 M r \ C H T N E| S C R Wi N F )
|
--e+, z_-F+e--,+4A
e+HN E seR EW {$C)
- 64.0
6
.
4
0
M
r
\
c H r N E r s c R E w( N F )
|
-8:;2
(NC)
8 . 3 2 M r \ C H T N ET 3 C R E W
|
- 840
I i C R E W( N F )
8
.
4
0
M
I
\
C
H
T
N
E
|
- -1 0 2 : 4
(NC)
TiCREW
10.24 Ml\CHTNE
|
- 10:;2
r ; C R F W( N F )
| 10-32 Ml\CHTNE
t
- 42tO
NC
I tA-ZO
- 42'8
1t4.28
NF
|
-s18
| s/16-18 NC
- s2'.4
NF
s/16-24
|
- 616
3/3.16
NC
|
-624
NF
| 3t3.24
- 714
7t16.14
Nc
|
- 72'0
F
7116.20
N
|
-813
NC
| 1/:2.13
- 82:0
NF
| 11.L20
- s18
NF
| 9/16.18
- 1018
NF
5
/
1
3
'
1
8
|
- 1216
NF
3/,1-16
|
- 1414
NF
| 7lt3-14
--1614 | r.rq
NF

Fie, l-29
,st.zeti.

I;rspecli<x piar:es and acce!;s tloors t,hat are

faslened [o an aircraft rvi ch s,cre'^'s,rave anc.rc,r
nuls secured lc, the inside of lhe stiuct.ure intc
which [hrese scre*'s fit,. S,rme:of lher ]Tl{)st corr}rnonlv used anchor nuLS ;rre lhe two-lug anc:icr
n u l , t , h eo n e - l u g a n c h o r n u t , a n d L h ec o r n e , ra n c j : r o r
nut.

,SeLf-lockingnu:t a'ash nr!mb'?rs n t I

T o m b k e t h e i n s L a l l a c i o nc f a n a c 3 e s s(i l o o r ' , a r ; i e : r
u h e r a t h e r e a r t : a g r e a l n u r r . b e r o f s , : r e r v s ,t h e
floatrng,anc.eon
r ur is used.These nu:s fit [oosei-"*
i r t L oa b a s k e l w . e i c h i s : : i v e t e d t o t , h er ; k i r ,a i n d l h e
n u f f i o a t . se : r o u g h t , o a l i g r : i l s e l f w i t h l l r s t r 3 w .
T o s p e e c lt h e p r o d r r c r i c n , : f a i r c r a f c , g , a . r g J eaCr r c : o r n u t , s a r e i n s t r l l l e r l a r o u r r d i n s p e c : t i o np i a t e
o p e n jn g s , , T h e s e a r e f l o a t , i n g - l y p , ea n r : h o r n u L s .
and there are a number of them in a channei tha.t
is riveLe<ilo lhe, struccure. Each nut floats, i.n Lhe
channel with e:rough pla-' t,hLat he screw:i (lan
nrove tht: nut enough to align ir.

f -1
(Sl=4->
\<5..
|I
,o,
--7

('i,)
;*<s>

II

l*=

I
|

t_

"'

tat
is
\

sAi

\r,
'"'

,r*z'

resb-l
*\=f',

II

;,

- JFf,J\-=
(S'--l'
r..

16j)
._==__-=)
ft>7'
(F)

=-=

ln Vl/) ,o,
I

.-=-==-?-=r:;
'l(()Y'
)rK)'f'-*

|
i

rJ[fr,h^*[_;K2[__]K
|
::-:=_-_----_

Fig. I-S(t ltnch:or,nuts A. - AAB66:F two-,tlg anchor nut Il - Nll.SJ025 one,-Lu5y

an.chcr nut C --NA{}1027 corner an':hor nu,t D
AN256F right-ang-leanchor nut E
ANS:;2F high-ternpercit'u,.etu)olug onchor nut f-Ttuo-tug floating: anchor nuLt G -- Gttnged anchor nuts (Channel nut.s)

eeGE:22

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

ryAirlines
c.

Tinnerrnan nuts

cHAP: A/C,
i'.'-,.)''i't '.'{ { (
'-c

nurs
(1) Instument mounting

rhisspecia'_'l'ff
^?
: :li il:iJ;ffi*'I,"? ill;A
i n s t r u m e n l P a n n e lo r
in the panel'
t-o mounl aircrafL tnsLrumenLs

:"".H
il: i:"::I,";ff
:l'"i:::I"j:;;i.':i;
nut in alignmentoer

HAF.DVIARE

lI'tyPe Tinnerman nuts

(g

aircraft is held on wiLh

The cowiing of many iighL
lo prevenL
sheet meLal scre'*'s' and
."iit"ppi"g
use of
repeared
from
E"i,'g enlarsed
;;; ffi;
slipbe
can
nut
,frur" ,"rulur, u U-tup" Tinnerman
il

ffi;;;;il';;"

cowlingso that
oi tt'e inside
'fhe

screw passes
hole'
itraddles the screw
and inro Lhe
cowling
ii."rgft tn. hoie in the ouLer
aciion of
spring
the
nut. and when it is tighLened'
lhe nuL holds the screr'r'lighL'

'::j:*:::,A:
;;; in*r'i191
J'i'iJ."li';ii
insrruthe inscrumenL ls r(

il,;;;1;;g

ro passthrough.the
"nough
tne instrumenl is front
if
but

;",":
;";;
scrervhole in
;he nut fascensinto the
;;;J'
t h e i n s t r u m e n tP a n e l

--AN_z
\--J==:--

nut
Fig. 1'33 LI'tYPe Tinnerman
mounting nut
Fig. 1-31 Instrument

4. Screr.os
nur
(2) Anchor-tt'Pe Tinnerman
facwhere cosl is a major
On many lighl alrcrafl

i
*'

There u.. t

ttt^iL ":;:*:i:: iffi:".lt

r i'.,,,
Jo,,
::
",;":
nol il:
[o
the structure
of a
have the slrenglh
plales. These nurs do not

"..:
i
I"-"x"#
F;i:T'::'sx*ii*k

screws'
'#'l':'"

,-'-,-4..

ffi; ;y:*:_1
:;tT'lT':;:'i
I:liJ:n.ffi
bv the rePeatedIn
tapPing screws'

'' ( -

-"t

a/

Machtne scre.ule"

t" non'
generaily
Machine screws are
"t:9, for their
J''d a'e threaded
slructural applicatlons
have a.class-2 (free) fit
fuii lenglh. TheS' normally
national coarse and naand are availabie in botirheads will accept either
tional fine threads Their
screwdrlver'
a slot or a cross-poini
rnac ltine
(1) ANsoo coarse-th read. ftltis ter-head
screw

Tinnerman nut

a
-u''a fillister screwshave
These slotted, drilled-head
superseded
n'"" been
class-3 coarse threal
in sizes
are
They
sc'e*s'
bv MS35265
"""t]-"-b-Y
defined
clearlv
no
w t'ta'zoand have
;J";^ffi;
grip.

PIIGE:2:5

\EZ Nepiet

HARDIVA,RIAIRIORAFT
.Lrdp.
u-rAr.

(2 AL'501 M

fiLLlster-hertd machirte

s c r ew
T i r i s s c r e w h a d b e e n r e p l a c e , db 1 ' t , r e I . ' { 5 3 5 2 ; 6
a n c l i s i i k e l h r : A N 5 ( ) 0 , r : x c e r P lr h a : i l h a : ; f i n e
threads,.

^ , t cv . .

A/

H nA: : lLIt )/ r . l i R E
Il

: ; c r e w i s a v a r l a b l t : t n b r a s s a s L n : A l \ DI o n - D

' * f r - i c hh a s t r e e ns u p e r s e d e db J ' l h e M S 3 5 2 ' a ' i l h i s

is
black o;<idefinished bras:; s;c:-e'*'
::lon.magne'::ic
' . r s e ctio m o u n L i n s L r u t n e n L si n t o t h e i r p ' l r r e :'
t6) AL'52A iinz-threa<Jroitnd-hea.dtr,'achir.escreu
T h e s e r ; c r e \ ^ ' sa r e s i n l i l a r t o t h ' : A N 5 ^ 5 e x r l e p t
'l'he
A N ' i 2 ; 0 R - Bi s t r e
thai, Lheyhave finr: th:eacls.
r e c e s s e , l - h e r abdr a : ; s s : r e v r t h a t L r a si l e e n r e p i a c ' : d
b r . t . h eM S 3 5 2 1 5 .
(7) Al't526 truss-heatl fine-t,\reo.dntact':irtescre

T h e s e 1 a r g , 3 - h s a:6n a c h i n ' : s c r e w s a r e a v a i l a b l e i r '

c a d m i u m ' p , l a r e dc a r b , r n s ; r e e li n b o l h s i o t ' l e d a r c '
c r o : i s - r ( i c e s s ehde e i d s .

A N 5 0 O A N s o lI'
MS;352:65MS;352:66 ANsct2

AN503
(8) Al,l50',7100' flat'hea,J machine sqe'u

,2.J0

3.48
5-4Cl
O'Jr:

O'Jr:

6'J '1

""
10-32 I 10-32I
114-2:.0 114-28| ttq-zta l 114'rt0
s / 1 6 - : 2|4 s l t0 - z q I s / 1 6 ' 1 8
18
5,116I v- /.q

1ll8-2t4

I;ig. I'34

illS-2.A I

""

""

F i t ' l i s t e rh e o d m a c h i l l e s ( r r e r , r s

Therse scr)ws ha're lleerL replaced by lvtS;2469!i

s c r e w s T h e M S 2 - 2 , 6 9 5i si m a c l eo : c a d r r i u r n - p l a t e c l
carcon steel and the NIS24693BI] is ;nrrde of
bla,:k oxi,le coa[ed br,ass. T]restl scr{lv/s tlre
a v a i l a t , l e i n s j z e s f r o m 4 - 4 8 t h r o u g h 3 ' ' 8 - 1 3 'Y o u
wil.. nolice lhat some of '.hese sizes a::eof Lhe national ooarse series arnd some have rLa;ional f:'n':
:
threads.
)
.b. Structurai screLL)i;
(1)

reaC &Zo /7at''\eacJ'machine

(3t A.'l\t505 coar:;e-tl"
screu)
These couinLersullk screlvs frave been supersecied
b 1 ' L h e l \ 4 S 3 5 1 9 Csr c : : e r v T h L e t a r e m a r J e o f c a d m i u m - p i a l e d c a r b o n s r e t l l ,a n d a r e i l v a i i a b l e w i t h
a r e c e s s e <hl e a d l ' o r c : r o s . s - p o i nsLc r e l w d r i v e r s '
( 4 . ) A L ' 5 . t 0 ' , i n e - t h r , z a d 8 2 " f ' ) ' a t - h e a dm a c h i n e
screul
These screwt; are lil<e the AN505 screlv excepl
tfrev have fine bhreacis.
(5) AAri15
s<:rew

coa,'se-threzd round'lteaa' rr':'achine

T h e I \ { S 3 5 2 0 6 i s n o v , "u s e d i n s L e a do f t h e l \ N i ' 1 5 '

ilnd
ll, is ma<le of cildmium-plated carbon sttlel 'I'his
head'
rrscessed
a
oI
a
si,rt[ed
have
either
rrray

A'Y 502 fi.ne-threttd f tlli s ter''\eatJ sc re u'

This fillisr,er-iieaclscrew is similar in a.pperara:ece

to the AlJ500 e>:ceF,lfor t.re c:ross mark on irs
head indicaling t,hat it :.s nraderof high'st're'n;3ch
steel.
P)

screu:
ANSC:Scoarse'tl"read fi'!.lister-hecrd

',he AN50i exc:ellLfor tiie

This screrv is sirn.ilar fo
c r o s s t n a r k o n i l s h e e t da n d t h e f a c r c f L a li t : s m a c L e
of hig.r-strenglh sleel.
(A

ALtS()g 1C0" flat-hettd screw

These slructural sc::ews have been r':priacedby

MiS24694 screws. T)rey are made of heaLt-treaie:d

carbolr sLeeland.ar,?cadmium plat':d. Tney are

by the X
distinzuisheil from the AItrSO?sc:rtrw'
liead.
tfreir
markeldon

PaGE2
:{

W.g Nepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

ffiFAirlines

(B)

(A)
82
DEG

100
U tr\J

s---}/

v---v

<--7
l---1

AN5O7
MS24693

AN5O5
M535109

AN51O

AN515
MS35206
M535214

AN520
M535215

o
;:;;

i:11
6-40

6-40

O-JZ

b-Jl

8-36
8-32
10-32
10-24
1t4.28
114-20

8.36
6-Jt

10.32
lv-a+

114.28
114.20
5116-24
5 / 16 . 18
318.24
3/8-16

:i...

- AN507
head' coarse thread' B
creiws A - AN505 MS3510g) 82o countersunk
Fig. 1-35 Maclline suews
head
fine
.^.-:''ou"
"":::'::'^"ir-lii,'"""""_'
oii,it
82o cot,
countersunh
B2o
thread' C - ANsla
(MS246ilS) lf/," countersunh head" coarse and fine
thread.D_AN515(M535206andM535214)ro,und.head,coarsethread.E_AN520M535215)round
F - AN526 Truss-head fine thread
thread
ir"i-fi",
(A)

/':t-\
-i-*ffi
cnrpl I I
t

100'

--T- Y I

head whose
These sLrucbural screws have a Iarge
onto the
area is increased with a washer formed
highhead. They are made of cadmium-plated

I l e N c rH

I
-t

srrength sleel.

-llDIA.

U) AN525 washer-head screw

*ll*
DIA.

AN525
FiS. 1'36 Structural screus A
(M524694)
lMo
AN509
washer head B
countersunkhead

These are coarse-threaded screws that

i"lJ1

i:i

are used to

12i)
FAGE:

AIRCFIAFT
HARD',MARE
cuAP:At/'C. H.:JtDll'irRE

rt\'ft{\(ftfrrn

H${i\+rr*+r\t+l
u_.rliv\Hi{/+rJ

TYPE

R O U N DH E A D

1 0 0 "c s F l
HE A D

,.P,'
e
TYF,E

1'RUSS
lrlEltD

K
COUNTE:FIS
NU
OVAL HE,AI)

Fig'. 1-;)7 Self-tapptng s,\eet metal scr'&'s.

poinl, and type Il has a blunL p,rint with threads
thal are siigh.tiy finer than l.hoseoi lype lr..

D.

Pins

1. Rollpir;.
There are four Lyper;of hea.ds^
ava:.labl.eon st:lfleLppings,rrev/s:la rorrnd!:ad, f-lruss head whjch
is rou::rderi,bul cr:nsi,lerarblythinner Lhina round
head, a?ountersrrnk hea,1,which"has a l00o he'ad
a n g i e a n d i s f l a l o n L o p ,a n d t h e . c b u n t e r s u n ko ' ; a l
s c : r e ww h i c h , a l s oh a s ;a l . 0 0 " h e a d a n g l e . I : r s t e a d
ol'a flrll Lop, however, the countersunk ova] screw
is slightll' rorrnded.
An ANSllO s;crew ir; a round-head. self-tetpping
s(:rew, and tire ,\N531 scre'w is a countersunk,
fl,aL-headself-taprping s(:rew. Both of t'hese ltN
s(:rews have 1,vpe-B<:nds;.

T h e r s ep r e s s e d - i np i n s a r e u s r : d t o p l ' o v i d e z tp r i v o t
for a joinL where che pin is not lilcely bo have 1.ob':
'fhe pin is macle of sp'rin;g steel ani is
renrove:d.
rolled into a c;;linder. Wiren it is pressed irrto i.h,:
hole, it cor:Iprosses,and the spri:ng ttc'5ionhoii:; it
tight ergainsb lhe edge of t;he hole. It nrav b,e
renrove:dby drivirrg it; from the hLoiewith a proper
sizelpin purnch..
2.

Cleuis pin

Clevis, or llat-heaC, pins are used for: hinge pins;i:o

some aircraft

PAGE:
l$

\ # Nepat

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

EE.Airlines

cHAP: A/C.

iIARDI';ARA

Taper pin

Fig. 1'38 M516562 Sping steel rollptn

lengths in
cadmium-piated sieel and have grip
installed
pins
are
These
1/16-inch increments.
over lhe
washer
plain
a
and
wilh t,heir head up
them
to
hole
Jock
the
end and a cotLer pin through
in place.

LENGTH

There are Lwo s1'pesof taper pins that are used in

joint, usuallf in
aircraft sLructure to make a bighl
onll''
shearloads
carry
to
designed
is
that
a shafr
motion'
Ioose
an1'
aiiow
noL
wili
pin
of
t1,pe
This
or plaj,.-The AN385 laper pin is forced inLo a hole
rhat Las been reamed rvith a lr{orse standard
taper pin reamer and is held in place by friction'
around
t t ^ m a . b e s a f e t i e db 1 ' p a s s i n g s a f e t l ' w i r e
large
the
in
the shafr and through a hole drilled
s
i
m
i
l
ar to
p
i
n
i
s
end of the pin The AN386 laper
t
h
r
e
aded
i
s
the AN385 excepl that ics small-end
(AN364)
nut
bo accept either a self-locking shear
or a shear caslle nut (AN320)'

.i

DIAMETER

Fie. 1-3g AN3g2 through AN406 M520392)

cleuispin
3. Cotter Pin
by
Casteliatednuts are iocked onto drilled.bolrs
the
hole-and
pu.ti"g a coller pin lhrough the
are
cascellltiottsand spreading t'he ends" They
of
or
steel
carbon
made of either cadmium'piated
corrosion-resisiantsteel'

- AN385 Plain taPer'

Fig. 1-41 TaPer pins A
pin B - AN386 tltreaded taPer Pin

E.

Wort nr, (

ri i-

al

"r-','?

area
Washers are used io provide bearing surface
to
appi5'a
and
for nuts, to act as ,pu..tt or shirns'
of the
tension between a nui and the surface
loose'
vibrating
materiai to preven! the nu!
1.

washers
,Plain

used
T h e A N 9 6 0 u ' a s h e ri s t h e o n e m o s t g e n e r a l l y
and
nul
a
between
io p.o"ia" a smooth surface
are
washers
These
the marerial being clamped'
commercial
of
steel,
made of cadmium-plated
(C)' and of
U . a s s i B ) , o f c o r r o s i o n - r e s i s t a n ts t e e l
commonly
(
D
)
'
a
r
e
T
h
e
y
zoi+ utu*inum alloy
that fit a
t
h
o
s
e
f
r
o
m
a v a i l a b i e i n s i z e st h a i r a n g e
fit a onet'hat
those
lo
nu*b". two machine screw
inch boit.

DIAMETER

Fis. 140 AN380 (M524665) cadrnium-Plated

corrosion'resistant

cotter PLn

available
A light series of AN960 washers are
regular
the
of
ihickness
the
that"are one'half
do not
n
u
t
A
N
3
1
0
a
n
o
f
c
a
s
r
e
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
s e r i e s .l f t h e
nu!,is
line up with the cotLer pin hole when the

washer may be
f.op"ity iorqued, a light.series

P,\GE:11

NgU ttepal

AIIlCRAFTT{ARDWATIE

E=rAirlines

CHAP: .\/ (: .

I
I
Y.

1a'7-r . o|. {

\-[
|
\\
llo.D

t\

l -u -

-T

/ t t/ l

_t_\j:

lIAR)i,Jl,iE

./J

(Er)

(A)

JA'':,
\;3;

^FV{Vl

(c)
(D)

ll*

N]
KI

0=)
F'ig. )-42 A[.rcrttft Luasllers A - Ahi960 plc.in utas.4erB - 'qN970 lar6,eoreo wa:;her C -- AL9:]5
locliwushe'r l? - MS;2U02)tigt,:.
split Lochwa:;her D - .4N936shalzeproof
strengthTrlainuc,.s,\er i: -lvtS2C(n2hi g h si:r en,gt h counter sur:h u asher.
substilut,ed for lhe regular: w,asht:r s'r that, the
holes will merlch.
, A N 9 ? 0 v , ' a s f r e r sa r e I a r g e a r e a w a s h e r s l . n a t a r e
used on ',vooCensLnlcLures Lo ,spreadthe loa<1of
lhe fasLernerover a wider arera ihan wc,uld be
'lher;e
vrashers
possiole with the AN960 washer.
are ali r:aadr: o1' cadmium-pla:ed ster:i and are
available with insirle riiarneLerrsfrone 3/16- to
l/2-inch.
2.

Loch wa:;hers

I n s o m e i n s ; L a n c e si L i s n o l c o n v e n i e n t . f o r a
nrachine scrrwc'r a bolt Lo use a serlf-lockingnut,
or lo locll thr: nu.Lw::Lha colter pin. For thLeseapp l i c a t , i o n s ,i f t h e j o i r r t i : ; n o l s l r u c t . u r a l l y c r i t i c a l ,
a loc]< w:rshelr rrray be used bel;ween tlee nut and
ihe srrrface.

Lock vrashers are made of steel and a:e t,visteci so

thzrl when ther nut is lig.ntened, the, spr:ing ac:ion
of the washer will creat,e a slrong fri,:cion fcrc:e
bel;wer:nthe t;hreads of ihe bolt; and t,iroserin ihe
nu:.
There are two types of .iock washers used i.n aircra.ft contl'uct;ion.The AN935 s:rlit lccilvasher is
avililable in sizes'thar will fit frcm a numt,er for-Lr
ma.chir:re screw to a one-half-incfL boiu. lfhe
shakeproc,f lock 'rvasher,AN93i, is thirrrLera.nrl:.s
avaiiable wilh bc,[h inlerna] and e>:Lr:rnalteeth.
3.

SpecicLlwashers

Mli20ll02 flat, washers are used under rhe herarlof

high-slrerrgth. inr"ernal ,vrenching b,clbs s;ur:h as
the M.S20004 through MS20ti24. When th,ese

PAGE2
:8

Sikt NePal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

Gairlines

CHAP: L/C.

HARDWARE

b
bolts are used in aiuminum ailoy structure'
the boit
under
used
is
washer
couniersunk't1'pe
under the
heai and a plain b1'pewasher is used
sleel
heat'trealed
of
made
are
nut. These washers
and are cadmiuln PIated'
iTole RePair Harduare

F.

1. IfeLicoili/rserrs
into threacis
Nlan-u-scre\4'sand bolts are driven
s
o
ft metals as
s
u
c
h
o
f
m
a
d
e
cui into casLings
Rather
plastic'
inlo
or
aiu;rinum or magnesium'
*'ear each
to
maLerials
soft
rhese
tiun uilot"ing
the holes
time the screq'is.inserted or removed'
inserts
These
i.nsert.s-'
h-eJic-o-rl
uir-h
are proLecLed
a diah
a
r
i
i
n
g
u
s
u
a
i
l
y
s
t
e
e
l
s
r
a
i
n
l
e
s
s
*. i nufit of
wilh
a
tapped
is
hole
The
mond cross secrion.
inlo
is
driven
insert
the
and
tap,
soecial heiicoil
it enough to
ai. nof. with a rool that screLches
it to easiiy
for
enough
diamerer
;;;t;" its ourside
the
removed'
is
too]
the
u'hen
Then
l"i"r tn" hole.
tight"
it
hoid
will
insert
the
of
nacurai springiness
out u'ill cause iL
anf-' attempt oi tne insert to back
the inserl
co *"ag" tighter inLo the hole' After
depth'
proper
the
to
hole
the
inLo
has bee-ndriven
rvhich
threads
the
of
end
lower
the
ii. i""g on
off so the
*== i"ii by the driving tool is broken
threads'
the
through
foi, .u" pass compleLely
castings when
Helicoil inserts are insLalled in soft
thel' may
but
li. .o-ponenf is manufactured'
in a
threads
the
when
Jto Uu installed in che fieid
hole
in
a
threads
the
are stripped out' If
lrtr"L
fiist determine whether increasing
t.Iipp.a'
ut.
of 'the in,i. aiu"'t.t"r of the hole for insLallacion
can be
insgrt
an
If
,u.c *iff weaken Lhe casLing'
drill
the
with
drill our the stripped threads
tap
and
kit
"r"a,
rurnished in the heiicoil instailat'ion
gage
the
Run
lap'
ti're not" with lhe ipecial
that thet'wili
iilr"tgit the nerr' lhreads to be sure
lhe.inserl on
piace
u..o-.-odur. lhe insert' Then
ihe tapped
into
it
the insrallatron Lool and screr'r'
of the
surface
the
hole. \Alhen the inser! is below
insrallaLion
in
casting lo lhe exLenl specified
-th.e
off lhe
instrufrions. remove the tool and break
@L

11.

Lo acWhen any of this Lype of insert is used

r
e
m
e
m
b
e
r
e
d rhaL'
b
e
m
u
s
L
i
t
complish a repair,
componenL
the
by
approved
be
mus[
the iepair
inshllaLion
*unof".ruter or by the FAA, and lhe
manufacLurer
insert
the
by
furnished
instructions

must be followedin detail'

- The Helicoil in'

Fig. 14.? Ilelicrtil insert A
s
t
e
e
l helical insert that
,nrt t, a specialstairtless
restore damaged
ro
hole
screws int.o a threacled
- The dannged
Il
size'
threads to their rtriginal
(
)
r
t
'threads are cut'
n
f
,
r
t h r e a c l so r e c i r i l L c : dt t t t i .
'
l
'
h
r
t
t
h
r
eads are gaged
aith a special tctp' l)
'!'ltt' IlelicoiL insert is
E
tuith a thr<,aclgogointr,ttlut lxtk' tt'ilh <tspecial insert'irtg tool
scrert;ecJ
2. Acres sLeeues
I f a h o l e h a s w o r n o v e r s i z e o r i f there is corrosion
in the hole Lhat can be cleanedoul, LhePart ma

\E l Nepar

AIRCRAFTHARDWI\RE

Atriines

b c n r a d es e r v i c t l a b l ,b: y i n s t a l i i n g i 1 ny ' r c r e ss l e e v t : Y o u m u s l [ i r s t . d e L e r r n i n elrh a l l . h e r r :i s e n o u g h

s t . r e n g L hi n t h e m a L e r : a l t , o a l l o u ' L h r : h o l e t . o b e
e n l a r g c : Ja,n d i : i l h e r e i s , i t m a y b e d r i l l e d o u i a p '
pro;iinrirLell'-tr64-inch la?ger-tEln t;E-6iT@il
anci the speci;ri zriunrinum allov c,r
dTnrner-11r.
r t a r r f . r r 5 L 1 : s"ll s s v s n r a y b e i n s r a l l e d i n l h e h o l : .

F o r < : e r L a i n; a p p l i c a L i o n st h e s l e e v e m a y b e b o n d : ihers.
. r u t l : o :o
eC inLo the irole wit,h an acihesiveh
it, is hell in Lhe hole l:f i'riction anci is s,=cureci
r,r'ith lhe regula:: fa:sLerrer.
Faste;zers
Ci. tliou iins'
a"I

6?'i
\l: - f ' ' EXrs:-rNG
FASTENER

il
e

. - A c F t E Sl ; L E [ v E

/ga>."

\,
'/64'lvERSlzE
srRUcruBE
Hc)LE
lv--. 'vi
-.-.3
-

|---'

r5r
'v'

l\

iL-(

r"

\__

)
--/
I

-,/

\-__-----

Fig I-14 .Acres slee'.es ttre tsed to repair holes

*bee,T-lTarrr-ov(nsiz:ercr-eertrdddd-7'he
t h a t h u ue
-l-r-TTFts
'7nl!edcuer.;Liedio-1ht' sLeeueis pres:redor
'--T

r.._-..--...-

ltortcLed in

oTace and

the

orisinal

fastett.er Ls tn-

stAtled.

I)ztt<

fn<lpnor<

C ) o w l i n g a s r v e l La s m a n v i n s p e c t i o n a c : e s s d o o r : ;
InaL mul;L be opene,l frequr:ntl r-. ma1-berhelc n':.lir
n s n . - c i a l r t n e o f i ' a s r . , ' n p rt h a r . - e r r r i r e : ;, 1 : i r t t
q u a r t e r o f a l u r n t o i o c i <o r u n l , r c k . I ) z u t ; f a s i e n e r l ;
are one of ihe mosl contmonl,'-used [1'pes.:\ he,rci
rvire is rivt:t,ed across ther c,pr:ningor:
sprirLg-sr;eel
t h e { i x e d p a r l o f c ) r ec o w l i n g , a n d a s t u d : n i , h t :
door is held in place wi,:h a merai lzrcinlnot. l'i,-reli
t,he cioor is :losed. the sloc in che s'cud srracidier;
t h c s : n r i n s .T r r r n i n r -l h e s t u d a o r r a r t . e or f a l l r r i :
n r r l l s t . h r 's n r i n s u n i n L o l h e s l z L n t , esdl o t ,a n t : l o c k , :
i t . a s t h e sJ Pn' . r" 6i n s n a s s p sn v p r r } - p h r r n n i n t i L : s i o ' . :
l V h e n a c o r i ' l i n g i s f a s t ; e n e dw i i h D z u s f a s : e n e : s .
c a r e m u r i l b e t a l < e nt h a i t h e s t u d i n , : r e r | f a . s i : e n e r
crrqrldlec

tv F
o
r.L

qrrrinoq

rethpr

JlJrrg-J

lh:n

rr:qsino

r'tsici '

Lhenr. Irr order i,o be su.rethat all oi t,he fas;'-ern:r=^

are properil lockeci.,lhLes.ors shoulci all b:, linec
UP.

\vt vr IlLI :^I l-

n
-.. ^
UZU>

.l :^>^LtcF. r, rnLc^-

ri c
r

hv Lcri rnr ,. ra

f:lSLe-:i.

tt

r----1
| .f) STUD
\OU

---\

-i
S;TUC
A)S S E M B L Y
S'TUD

REINOVABLi:
:\
PAFT
\ =-t2
G R CM M ' - T

F,XED
PART
,a

(B)
:---tr*L...J.D---<-

t:;!__=}z
JILU

5rllll\u

r:
\)

n AND
(j nrvers

SPRII,IG,dSSEMBLY

rAtatr.L

G R O U M E T/ "
\ '\z-<-

\,.
t
't-i

SUppORT

,/

*q==

'=

lL.j

-r(

i- -l
-\.

Rl'/E;

tsi--c:rrAUr-=

\SSEMBLY
V I E WO F C O M I P L E TI E

Fig. 145 )l)zus faster,ters A Dzu.s fcstener.

[nstalla:.tiotz of standard 1)zu:; cowling fastener.

Et -

Re<:e,otacle't'ypte

PAGE:30

\@e Nepal

{AIntnes

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE
cH^P: A/ C. ii!-RD',1ARE

distincl click will be heard when the spring drops

over Lhe hump into the locked posiLion. To aid in
assuring [hal no stud misses Lhe spring, special
recepcacle-type fasleners are available that ggide
the stud over Lhe spring.

2.

Airloch fastener

An Airlock fastener uses a steel slud and crosspin in lhe removable cowiing or door and uses a
sheer-spring-sIeel receptacle in the scarionarl'
member. To lock this t1'pe of fasLener,the slud is
siipped into the.receptacie and rolaled a quarLer
of a turn. The pin drops into an indentation in the
reeenr:elp snrinq and holds the fastener locked.

onomrusrz@
RECEPTACLE
7

Fig. 1-47 CamLochcowLing fastener

H.

Control Cables and TerminaLs

1. Steel control cable

Aircraft controls are usually moved by steel
cables run from Lhe cockpiL lo the surface. These
cables are routed through fhe aircraft slrucLure,
and where Lhel' must change direccion chel' are
passedover pullel's.

H:\-ET

I AULtr,

F B I C T I O NL O C K

Rr atat{

Fig. 146

3.

Airloc cowling fastener

Camlock fastener

A Camlock fastener has a stud r'r'ith a steel pin

held onto l,he removable portion of lhe cowling or
the access door with a metal grommei. The stud
fits into a pressed sieel receptacle, and a quarter
of a turn locks the steel pin in a groove in the boltom of the

TRIGGER

148 A tensiometer is used to chech the ten'

sLon

t control cobLes,

PAciE

\EF' Nepat

'tl-

AIRCRAFTH,ARDWARE

ffiAiriines

cn^P: A/ C.

Onr: of lhe di:;advan[ages of a cable s1'ste:mfor

conLrol mcve:rienL ir; the::acL th,at Lhe Lernilefi-tuie d,rops as; bhe-airplane goer; lo altitucle,
anrJ Ll:.evirsl amount. of aluminum in l;he strtrcLure c()nlrilcLs so .mucrhrriore Lhan tbe srnali mass
of steerlin ther corrtrc] cable lhat the qrbles lose
therir tension. Large aircraft have a. ra:iher co:nplex aucornaric Lensjoni:ng sysl;em lo keep the
conlrol cable len:sion relat,ively cor.stant as the
a i r c r a l r c o n t r a c L sa n c i e x p a n d s r v i t h t e r e p e : : a L u r e
changr:s.Eiut small aircrerft r:eusLha'ue'their cable
lerLsion ac.jusred as a c()mprorr.ise,so they will
lhe airpl,ane is frot or too
nol be roc lip:ht
"vhen
i o o s e ' r v h e ni r i s c ' r l d .

1q"7a*i:
.i l--r

.i.{ltDvii.R.l

<.
---;-].
-x;
!tst)<,

DrArv,rErt:R:|c|il

DIAMETER

''.-y;t;

O l A l v l E T EC

'{8!

(t3)

:l':,

DIAME.TER

l
l

(c)
B r e a k i n g{ i t r e n g t h - - L b s .

a.

Non-flexibte cable

C a b l eS i z e

For inst,alacir:n rvhere the r:able dr:es not pass

o v r , r 2 n v n r r l l e v s n o n - f i e : r i b l :c a b l e m a l ' b e u s e d .
T h l s i s a v a i l a b l ei n e i t h e r t h e I " x ? o r t h e . l x . t 9 '
corrfigrrration.Thr: 1 r: 7 cabl: is made up of sev,:n
i n d i v i c i u a l v v i r e s ,a n d t h e I x 1 9 , o f i 9 i n d i ' . ' i d u a l
rvires. Non-fl:xible cable ir; al,aiizrbie in both
gaivanized carborr sleel a.nd stainless st;eel.

F lexlole

cabLe

c. Extra-flex.ible cable

.1t.t1 n

1:1*7

CUU

500

7 x7

480

480

:t:x*19"

1240

1 200

7.x 7

920

1x-19

2100

2 10 0

"7:A:..19

2000

2,100

.t:x"J9"

3300

33 0 0

,7'x 19'

2800

2404

1 x 19

8200

82 0 0

7 x,19"

7000

6{00

3ZV

118',

5,t32',

'aig.. 1-49 Ste:elcontrol cabLe

A - I >< 7 non-fle.ribt'ecoble
B - I >< 19 nc,n-flexible <:cbLe
, - . .C - 7 ) ( T f l e z i b l e c a b L e
,- D - 7 '>< 19 extra-flexittLet<:abLe
2'. Oabte terminat;Lon
a.

Se'ren by ninerteencable is'lthe rnost,wi,lel) us,:d

catrle in si;:es::ronr 1/[]-inch up. Il is rlxtra fl'sxit,le
and is made up ol' 133 individual wires wotrnd in
s e ' " ' e ns L r a n d s ,w i ; h e a c h s t r i l n d h a v i n g l 9 w i r e r s .
T h e s e c a b l e s a r e p r e lo r n r e d a n d a r e a v a i i a b l e i n
b o t . h g , a l v a n i z e dr l n d s l a i n l e s s s l e e . r .T h e g a l v a Lo faligue lhan
nized t:able h:rs nror' rer;isLtrnce,
lhe, stztinless:;teel, br,rt in. apclicatio:rs vrhere corrosion is a fact.or. slainless sfeel is used.

G a r l v a n i z e r JS t ai n l e s r s

1 , r61"

S r . e , , lr : a b l r rm a d p r r n o f s e v e n s [ r a : : d s o f s e v , : n
r.r-iresr:ach is.:allgd i x7.gr-fJexib}e cable, ;rnd is
avajlabie in {tlt9l and (3/32/inch sizesjn-hot}--c a l v a n i z e d . ) i 6 o r s ' o e l ' - a 6 , 1i r s r r r i n l ? : x ;s- r e l L
Bor,h tvoe:; aT5SieTormeti.This :Treanst.har in irs
.nunrrfr.rr." ,ru.h sLranc, is forrned intr: a spiral
shrrpe,so t;hat when t,he r:able is wound all of tne
slrands rvill sray in t.heir:pcsiti'rr and the cab,le
will nor s;rreerdouL when it, is cul, Preformirlg
gues-t h e
t r f I ex i b!]!p1, a n dEt i e" :s-f le"abJ,?r,3a
rvhen
the st:ancls are woven into
bending;gres:;es
Lhecabie._i
,l

'IYPt-'

\9:n"_.:pJ!.nt

In bhe earl-v-'
da1's of a','iation mo:;t oI the ,:ont.roi
cables were Lerminated with rfr'ovell::F)li3es.sl.lch
a s either the A-rm;7'Navy five.tuch splice or the
iloeblinlg rolll Becau,se bolh t'ypes of \r'o'r'en
splices require a pyeaL deal of hanrl work. and
they develop only 75% cf t,he c:rb'le, r;tre.np;th,
these terminals ha've treen rep'lacr:d wi0b sw;age(itype terminals.

P A G E :1 Z

S#t rtepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

EAirlines

iARDtiARE

cHAP: L/c.

a
To be sure lhat the lerminal is properly swaged'
is
it
before
lerminal
the
*uu"rl.".n"nt is made of
swaged with a go no-go gage' T}-e-staging Prodecreaseils diame!9I-!9 JhugtenL that
" go no-g-gast $ilI pass
"..J-utt
rh"-E-6=aqj)

1Jtet
to
ov'er+; tuttf''e no--fo eld @U-E) :TsTZIeCkpf
rerrhe
out
pull
not
does
cab)e
6ETwe Lhat tfre
;
onLo the cable. If rhis
ffid

e- tucl splic-e
Fig. t-50 The,4 rm t' l.\'qYtJ-u breahing
*stlgna|,1
d e u e i o p e d 751,oithe cable
:

C,, nnnd

torminalL

universallyused in
The LerminalsLhaLare mosb
cerr".*. ll..r"fr manufaccuteare-!h-e-$$;!y-pe
ter;
the;e
install
*i""f. rve seein Eig,-1:51'-To

;ffitcei'6G6iiand
c";-G"ii
,f'the
oi'ii"

'

swaglng

.bist

u
hand- or a.P-oYe.!either a lgl^{-qt

"
"'aEh"I
;na mettllf-ll'=leryiq4
ffi]o.."'
LOO
".le ftld,:.p1'-04

itself' ,cable
Ihe
as sLrong as--t
-'----*"--/

-1
sss..s
i]s'ss

tt'ith a go
Fig. 1-52 Cheching su'aged terminal
no-gogage for ProPer su'aging'

----\---l

(A)

=---l-\

issssss
{\
w
---\--l

c.

NsS
/

sleeves
Many of the lighl aircraft use Nicopress
end
ihe
form
lo
cables
control
ih"
rq""Lr"a onto
around an
ii"-ti"urt. When the cable is r'r'rapped
u'ilh lhe
AN100 rhimble and properly squeezed.
have
*'ill
lerminal
correcl Nicopress squeezer' the
al least the strength of lhe cable'

(B)

'
F i S . I ' 5 1 S u - tgae : r l c a b l e t e r m i n a l s
shank
t,t'SZOf;O.gC batt oncJ clouble
-t

A
B

tizoaaac batLand single shanh 9-ySUZSs

D - M521260short'
-tnioaua
.ti"i'tiri"aeA-a-tu'cl*end
M520667forh end F *;'sl end- E
ye end

'r
N i c o P r e s so u a l s l e e u e s

the copper slee\/e

To instali this type of Lerminal'
and the end
cable
rhe
of
ir-r1ipp"a o,r", ih" end
o
ther side of
t
h
e
i
n
t
o
a"tUf"a back and slipped
proper size
t
h
e
o
f
r
h
i
m
b
l
e
fh" ,le.'r". An AN100
is puiled
cable
lhe
and
loop'
i. pl."a inside the
l
1
1
6 - i n c ho f
a
b
o
u
t
w
i
t
h
tighr around the thimbie
are
squeezes
Three
sleeve'
Lhe
ca'biescicking from
squeeze
firsl
che
tool
taken wilh lhe squeezing
is on lhe
i, in tnu middie of the slLe'ue'the second
s q u e e z ei s o n
Lna n"u."r, the thimble, and the l4sL
the
of the sleeve nearesL the free end of
it',e
the
t
h
a
t
"nd
, c a b i e . U s i n g l h i s s e q u e n c ew i l i a s s u r e
i
o
o
p
'
thimble is gripped tightly into lhe cable
with a
After the sieeve is squeezed, it is checked
enough
far
gage fo be sure that it has been forced
down into the cable.

sl

Nepat

AIR,ORAFT
H,AFD\ffhRE

EliEtF,qirline:;

f--

- --1r\

l---J

|_--,)(|
L_. _J!l
=:=iy

r-ll

(A)

@oo

(B)

oual,sLeeuecable trzrmination A - tYic<tpresssleetsebefore it is p'lqs,,6 on tlte c<>nFig. 1-53 ,N'ic:opress

IIa;zd tool for contpre'ssittg lVicopress sLeettes. C - .Droper cintpirtg se<7uetrce.
T'he
troL ca.bLe. B
ou.zrthe tnimcle ond stu:k through the sl.e,zue.
I'hree
sleeue is slipped c'n the cttble anc! the end bent ltacA'.
squee?esc:,retaken, the c'znte,rsc'ueezefil,rst,the'n ti'Lessuee.zeiteerest the thiinbL'eand finaLly tlLe squeerze
o n t h e e n c ' . I ) - T h e c o . n p r e s s e ds t e e u ei s c h e c k e d w t t h t t g o n o - g og a g e t o d e t e r m i n e . : fi t h t s t e e n o " o perLy instoLlecl.

F##

(A)

1- --

(B)

tu,

Fig. 1-54 Control cabLe:;plices A * SutatrTedforh: anC ete.

Wouen splice,; connectect.tL,itha turnbu.chLe.

B -- Nticopres:;co)TLpresst:.on
.tleeues. C --

PAG?:J{

,-:4qNepal

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

ft ,;w5Airlines
-!

III.

Turnbuch.Ies

Ail control cables musi have a means of adjusting

t,i:eir tension, and this is done with Lurnbuckles
srrch as the one in Fig. t-55. A complete turnbuckle'assembly consisls of two ends, one having
right-hand threads and Lhe olher having lefL-hand
lhreads, and a brass barrel rvhich joins these
ends. Minor adiuscment ofga-blg-lgj]schis provid.-:-ied b-r.-Llie d_epthto which the-e11lqglg Jgly_1dl"to T}reEa.iel__. -\-.)to
be sure bhat the rurnbuckie develops the full
strength of the cable, there musb be no more than
three threads of either end sticking out of the barr e l . \ \ ' h e n t h e c a b l e i e n s i o n i s a c l j u s r e d ,b h e r u r n buckle barrel is safeLiedro the lrvo ends so chal iL
cannot Lurn.

qRo o -v-F_
Lp"ENII-E-IING

C A B L EE Y E B R A S S6 A f 1 f { C . L

THREAD
LEFT.HAND

'j.. ,,i

Methods of Safetlting

Vibracion is a real concern in aircrafl mainLenance. and lhere must be some provision for
safer-r'ingor locking all fasteners to prevent bheir
vibraring ioosein flight.
s e df o r f . h ev a s i .m a i o r j t v o f
S e l f - l o c k i n sn l l L sa r 'e r- r"':-::i-:'i:--'-:":::'
d e r n a ri rrccrraafl L c o n s L
ao
aooiiffior-rr.*
DoDi il cr caal iLornosnrisnn m o o
t rruuccl L
i ol o
nn
.b
O
. uul
q4!_e1111ure-or-coite
h
Iheie a re s tiil p,ii q._eS
ac es 1'
ere
qf._s
s!e!l'_
l-uL!trl-),J
!l__!\Jl-s-uLfy h
p i n s a r e n e e d e d . , , I nF i g . t - 5 6 w e s e e s o m e o f l h e

fiflcaIuses of shfery wire. In_Fig. 1:56A.we see

two drilled-head engine bolrs sa[eu_ed_lqgelber.
The q'ire should pull t,he bo-lt head in the dtfel[g!
of tlshrenins and should be bwistedwilh an even
l r v i s f L o t h e n e x l b o l t , . . A f b e ru h e e n d o f t h e u , i r e i s
passed through the head of Lhe second bolt it is
again LwisLed, this time for about three or. four
turnsi and"Lhe wire is cut off. Alwavs behd the
ends of the wire back where they cannot cul you
when vou Dass vour hand over the boits.
If there are a number of bolts, such as used bo
mounL a propeiler, you may safety them in groups
of three. It*is,usually noL a good idea co Lre more
than fhree together with-one piece of .wire, Fig.
T.DbD.

F O R KE N D

Filliscer-head scre*'s are safelied to holes in a

housing in much the same manner as fhe drilieo
h
o. . r1 -u iv v6. C R p m o m h c r a n v r i m e s a f e '
r ir E
r r ge
a u: a h
v vo
r u Jl !r s F
t]' wire is cut off, the ends should be bent back so
thev cannol cul your hand.

\:/
(B)

Studs shouid nol have self-iocking nuls used on

lhem nor shouid drilied sLuds be safet ied with
coLLer pins. because neilher of lhese safetying
me'thociswill prevent lhe stud backing out of lhe
casting. Fig. 1-56D shou'sLwo drilled sruds wich
casLellared nuLs safeLied Logelher r.r'irh safetv
r v i r e . T h i s p r e v e n l s u h e n u t b e c o m i n g l o o s e .a s
well as prevenling the stud backing out of the
c as r i n g .
E l e c c r i c a l c o n n e c L o r sc a n b e s a f e t i e d L o d r i l l e d h e a d f i l l i s r e r - h e a d s c r e \ . \ ' sB. e s u r e L h a L t h e w i r e
pulls lhe plug in the direction of cightening, Fig'
t -Dbr-.

Fig.

1-55 Turnbuckle

nomenclature A

TurnbuchLe barAssembled turnbuchle B

Turnbucklepin
D
rel C-Turnbuchleforh
eye
eye E-Turnbuchlecable

Turnbuckles may be safelied in a number of

ways. Those used in conLrol sysLemswhere lhe
cable is I/16- or 3/3Z-inch diameLer may be
safelied by the single-wrapmethod, Fig. 1-57A,

Pr\GE:3|i

\Wl Nepal

AIRCF,AFT
HARDWART:

6>*
\J ={r/.\

,Fx

ll'

o N.

,F-*-'\\r-*

'vt

l(o\

/n\\7
\6'

IN
$\tll

_4/

'vv

\io))

(8,

#*.===+%e
\g/
\),'

=-4!1

(c)

(D)
K HE A D

FII-LI[;TERH
---l =

l--lL-

dltr |
tt-

--i-1
IIF

li

E)

il

l-llI

f
a

LJ+

(E)

. PI-UG

F'ig. ,r-56 Sofet'v w;'.ringproceCures A -- Safetving to,gether iu,o di.!.led heod bolts. )3 - Safetfir.g
together thre,ed;iLle'i head bolts. C - Safetling a fillister ltead scrsul r'.othe structure. D -- Safetf ir.g
czste,tlatednuts on ,lwo studs. E - Siafetvir.g an electrical plug tc, a lillister head sc.retp.
usin;; eil.her brass or coptr)er safe11' ',i'ii-e,0 0-1C
c i i a m e l e r . T r . r r n b u c l . : 1 euss ed v , ' i r h 1 i E - i n c h e a b l e
r n a l ' b e s a f e l i e d v , ' i c ha s i n l ; I e r v r a p i f 0 . 0 4 C
s t a i n l e s s s t e e l o r m , r n e l s a i e t y w i r e o r 0 . t ) 5 7c o p "
F ) e ro r b r a s s w i r , ei s u s e < i .F o r t l ' - t h r r u s ; i n d l h s - l n c h .
c o p p r r r c r r b r a s s rw i r e r n a l ' b e u s r : d i f t h e t u r n t r u c k i e i s d o r : b l e - w r i l ps a f e t ; i e d .

(A)

I>=<ECry
(B)

ilurnbuckles in 5i!;2-ir.chcontrol cable carr btr

c l o u b l e - r . r ' r aspa f e l i e , i r v i t h 0 . 0 4 0 s t a i n i e s s s l e , : l o r
( ) . 0 5 1c c ' p p e ro r b r a s s , o r L h e v m a v b e s i n g l t r
r v r a p p e d w i t h 0 . 0 5 ? s i e i n l e r s s: ; l e e i r v i . : e .
.\a
at

-\'

u ""llefore :;afe':yinga lu::nbr:ckle.ir rr.usL be adj us[e,d to l]:re r:orr,:cLcable tension. and there
must,noL be more bhanihree ihre,rds ;Fo*irrg drt
tliiirer si,ie of ti"tbirrel-lWi" p'}'-;l;"
arc'ur cl tRf
l,ur;bu6aaf;Tre rlanriAr s;ho,vnin Fig. l -57 ancl
at I'aastforrr N'urns
linish th,esafebvwiring w:rth
--arou:rd rhe
5hE-nEltI-[he-turnbuck]e
befr:re it ir;
__
;.. (:UL CrIf.

(/\i r ^ /\V ,

Fie. I-5i'
ut;ire A
- - . : - @- lL
a
rPLt
V
crtirnl

stud

tr

S'afe;-^tingt.urnbuchle:; u,it'h :;afetj'

Stngle-wrap B
Sirl.gle'u,roP
DoubLe-urap D -. DouL,le-utrop
- DoLtbLe-turoptied to er :;utaged c'zt'Le

AIRCRAFTHARDWARE

i,,/C. HARDilARE

CABLE

WIRE
TYPE
D
I
AMETERMATERIAL
OF WRAP

1 / 16

Single

0.040

Br a s s

1/8

Single

0.040

Stainless
Steel

1 ta

Double

0.040

Single

0 . 0 5 7( m i n )

cl'2.2

Double

0 . c5 1

(B)

Rr:cq

Stainless
Steel
Brass'

saietting
F i g . 1 ' 5 8 S a f e t t 'w i r e r e Q u i : ' t m e n t sf o r
turnbuchles

- Preferred
Fig. 1-60 C)cttterpi.n insta.llation A
Altcrnatemethod
ntethod B
Clip-type locks such as those seerl in Fig l-59
ma1, 5" used in place of safety wire if the turnUuct te barrel is drilled lo accomodate lhis type of
clip.
Cotler pins may be used ro iock a castellated nui
onLo a drilled-head boit b1' either of the two

merhodsshorvnin Fig. 1-60.f]3,9,,gr3,p$,9fup*rvhicfr

oneend of the pin.isbent orrer'thejop'off-he*boli

cLips
F i g . 1 ' 5 9 T u r n b u c i l e s c i e : i e du ' i t h

is the preferred melhod In either melhod' s'hen

it'r"'""i= of lhe co[rer"pin are cui off' be sure-thaL
you
L h e ya r e b e n t b a c k s o t h e y c a n n o t ' c u l Y o u I 1
boit'
the
of
end
the
over
rub your hand