CHAPTER 2

FORCE AND MOTION

2.1

Linear Motion

A student is able to :
2.1.1 Define distance and displacement
2.1.2 Define speed and velocity and state that v = s/t
2.1.3 Define acceleration and deceleration and state that
a=v-u
t
2.1.4 Calculate speed and velocity
2.1.5 Calculate acceleration / deceleration
2.1.6 Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration using
(i) v = u + at
(ii) s = ut + at2
(iii) v2 = u2 + 2as

Distance and Displacement

A:

Fill in the blank with the correct answer

1.

B:

Physical quantities can be divided into 2 :

(a)

quantity

(b)

Quantity

2.

Distance is quantity which has . and no

3.

is a vector quantity which has magnitude and direction

4.

The SI unit for both physical quantities is ..

Complete the table below :

Aspect

Distance

Distance taken with

consideration of direction

Definition

Type of quantity

Displacement

Scalar quantity

SI unit

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Speed and Velocity

C:

Complete the table below

Aspect

Speed

Definition

Rate of change of displacement

Type of physical
quantity
Formula

Velocity

Scalar
Speed
= Total distance
Time

Velocity
=

m s-1

SI unit

Symbol

u, v
u denotes initial speed
v denotes final speed
Average speed
= Total distance
Time

u, v
u denotes initial velocity
v denotes final velocity
We usually consider the forward
motion ( to the right ) as positive
and the backward ( to the left)
as negative )

Acceleration
D:

Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

1.

Acceleration is the rate of change of ............

2.

Acceleration , a = Final velocity - Initial velocity

Time taken

a=

E:

3.

The SI unit of acceleration is ....

4.

Acceleration is a ...... quantity

5.

Acceleration occurs when an object moves with . velocity.

6.

Deceleration occurs when an object moves with velocity.

Solve the problem.

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1.

A car starts from points from point O and moves to U, 50 m to the north in 60 s. The car then
moves to B, 120 m to the west in 40 s. Finally, it stops.
Calculate the :

2.

(a)

total distance moved by the car

(b)

displacement of the car

(c)

speed of the car when it is moves to the north

(d)

velocity of the car

(e)

average speed of the car

A bus stops at a station to pick passengers up. It then moves and attains a velocity of 15 m s-1
in 8 s. What is the acceleration of the bus ?

F. Complete the table below with the correct answer

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Increasing

short

increasing

far

same

Speed

decreasing

low

high

decreasing

Pattern

Explanation

(a)

Direction of motion

. .
.
Initial

(b)

Direction of motion

The distance between the dots is the . It shows that the

object is moving with

.
Final

................
.
Initial
Final
(c)

Direction of motion

. .
.
Initial
(d)

The distance between the dots is . It shows that the

speed of the object is moving with .

Final
Direction of motion

. . . .
.
Initial
(e)

The distance between the dots is . It shows that the

speed of the object is .

Final

Direction of motion

. .
.
Initial

G:

The distance between the dots is .. It shows that the

object is moving very .

. . . .

The distance between the dots is . It shows that the

speed of the object is

Final

Determine the acceleration of a trolley from the ticker tape

1. The ticker tape is divided into 5 parts. Every part has 2 ticks as shown in figure below.

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Find the acceleration.

1 cm

5 cm

Solution :
Step
1. Time taken of one part

Solution

2. initial velocity, u = s initial

t initial

One part = . Ticks

= . x 0.02 s
= . S
u=
cm
s

3. Final velocity, v = s final

t final

= . cm s-1
v=
cm
s

4. Determine the total time

= . cm s-1
Total time, t = (
) x .. s
=

Total time = ( Total parts 1) x time of one part

x ... s

= . S
a=vu
t
=
= cm s-2

5. Acceleration, a = v u
t

The equations of motion:

1.
Complete the table below
Physical Quantity

Symbol

Displacement
v
Initial velocity
acceleration
2.

List the equations of linear motion.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Questions
1. Solve the following problems using the equations of linear motion
(a) A car moves from rest to a velocity of 10 ms-1 in 5 s .Calculate the acceleration of the car
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(b) A car traveling with a velocity of 10 m s-1 accelerates uniformly at a rate of 3 m s-2 for 20 s.
Calculate the displacement of the car.

(c) A van that is traveling with velocity 16 m s-1 decelerates until it comes to a stop. If the
distance traveled is 8 m, calculate the deceleration of the van.

2.2

ANALYSING MOTION GRAPH

A student is able to :
2.2.1 Plot and interpret displacement-time and velocity-time graphs
2.2.2 Deduce from the shape of a displacement-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
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2.2.5
2.2.6

iii) moving with non-uniform velocity

Determine distance, displacement and velocity from a displacement-time graph
Deduce from the shape of a velocity-time graph when a body is:
i) at rest
ii) moving with uniform velocity
iii) moving with uniform acceleration
Determine distance, displacement and velocity and acceleration from a velocity-time graph
Solve problems on linear motion with uniform acceleration

A:

Describe the motion of an object as shown in the following motion graphs.

2.2.3
2.2.4

(a) The Displacement-Time Graph

Graph of s against t

Explanation

s/m
The displacement of the object from a fixed point is
.. Therefore, the velocity of the
object is .
0

t/s

s/m
The gradient of the graph = ..of the object.
The gradient of the graph is ., therefore the
velocity of the object is .
0

t/s

s/m
The gradient of the graph .. with time.
Therefore the velocity of the object . with
.
0

t/s

(b) The velocity time graph

Graph of v against t

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Explanation

v/m s-1
Velocity of object is . . The object is

t/s
v/m s-1
The object is moving with uniform

t/s
v/m s-1

The gradient of the graph =

The gradient of the graph is
Therefore, the acceleration of the object is

t/s

v/m s-1
Area under the graph = .

t/s

B. Describe the motion of a runner who is running in a straight line

25 s/m
20
15

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C
8

D
O

t/s
5

10

12

15

Solution :
Motion of the runner
Running with a uniform velocity of 3 m s-1

O-A
A-B
B-C
C-D

C: Study the velocity-time graph.

v/m s-1
10
B

D
A

10

15

20

25

t/s

Calculate:
(i) the acceleration, a, for sections AB, BC and CD
(ii) total displacement

2.3 UNDERSTANDING INERTIA

A student is able to :
2.3.1 Explain what inertia is
2.3.2 Relate mass to inertia
2.3.3 Give examples to reduce the negative effects of inertia
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A.

Fill in the blanks or underline the correct answers

1.

When the bus stops suddenly our feet are brought to rest but due to inertia, our body
tends to continue its (forward/backward) motion. This causes our body to jerk
___________________.(thrown forward)
2.
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When the bus moves suddenly from rest our feet are carried (forward/backward) but
Due to inertia our body tends to keep us (rest/moving) . This causes our body to
fall __________________. (thrown backwards)
3.

The inertia of an object is the.................................. of the object to remain at ...........

or if ...................... to continue its uniform motion in a straight line

4.

The mass of an object is the amount or quantity of matter contained in the object.

5.

The SI unit of mass is ..

6.

The mass of an object is .... wherever it is measured. It is different from

......... which is affected by the ...... of gravity.

7.

An object with a larger mass has a ............ Inertia.

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Effects of inertia
B. Explain the positive effect by using the clues given.
Clue : Pour our Tomato sauces

Clue : Drying a wet umbrella

Positive effect
Of inertia

Clue : Tighten the Hammer head

Clue: Running zig-zig when chased

by a bull.

C .Match the correct explanation to each of the characteristics

Characteristic
(a) The tank which carries liquid in a
lorry should be divided into smaller
tanks
(b) the part between the drivers seat and
load should have strong steel structure
(c) Safety belts
(d) Airbag

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Explanation
Hold the passengers to their seat
during collision
Prevent the driver from hitting the
steering in an accident
Prevent the load from being thrown to
the front
To reduce the effects of inertia when
stopped suddenly.

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2.4

ANALYSNG MOMENTUM

A student is able to :
2.4.1 Define the momentum of an object
2.4.2 Define momentum(p) as the product of mass (m) and velocity(v) ie p=mv
2.4.3 State the principle of conservation of momentum
2.4.4 Describe the applications of conservation of momentum
2.4.5 Solve problems involving momentum
A.

Fill in the blank with the correct answer

1.

Momentum is defined as the product of ... and .....

2.

The formula of momentum is given by :

Momentum = ........

x ....

p=

3.

Momentum is a .. quantity

4.

The SI unit of momentum is

5.

Momentum ..... when velocity ......

6.

The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum in a

closed ... of object is .....

7.

The total momentum .. the collision is .. to the total momentum

.. after the collision, if no .... acts on the system.

8.

The principle of conservation of momentum can be applied in

(a) collision
(b) collision
(c) .

B.

Fill in the blank

1.

Collision I : Both bodies separates after collision. Momentum is ...

u1
m1

v2

u2
m2

Before collision
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m1

m2

after collision

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Momentum :
2.

Collision II : Both objects move together after collision. . Is conserved.

u1
m1

Before collision

u2 = 0
m2

v
m1 + m2

after collision

Momentum :
3. Explosion : Two or more bodies in contact will be after the explosion

(m1 + m2), u = 0

v1

Before explosion

v2
m2
after explosion

Momentum :

B.

Complete the table below

Elastic collision

Inelastic collision

(a) Both bodies will separate

after collision
(b)

Explosion
Two or more bodies in contact will
be separated after the collision

The total momentum is

conserved

The total momentum is conserved

(c) The total kinetic energy

is conserved
(c)

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Total energy is conserved

Total energy is conserved

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C.

Solve the following problems

1.

Car A of mass 100 kg traveling at 30 m s-1 collides with Car B of mass 90 kg traveling at 20 m s-1 in
front of it. Car A and B move separately after collision. If Car A moves at 25 m s-1 after collision,
determine the velocity of Car B after collision.

2:

A trolley of mass 4 kg moves at 3 m s-1 and collide with a trolley of mass 2 kg which is moving in the
opposite direction at 1 m s-1. After the collision, both trolleys move together with the same velocity.
What is their common velocity ?

3:

A bullet of mass 2 g is shot from a gun of mass 1 kg with a velocity of 150 m s-1 . Calculate
the velocity of the recoil of the gun after firing.

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2.5 UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF A FORCE

A student is able to :
describe the effects of balanced forces acting on an object
describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on an object
determine the relationship between force, mass and acceleration i.e F=ma
Solve problems using F = ma
1. Answer the following questions.
(a)

What are the effects of a force when acting on an object?

A force can.
(i) _______________ a stationary object
(ii) _______________ a moving object
(iii) change the ___________________ of an object
(iv) change the ___________________ of an object

(b)

Force is a ( scalar / vector ) quantity .

(c)

What is the SI unit for force?

The S.I. unit for force is ____________ .

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers for balanced and unbalanced forces.
(a)

Forces acting on an object are said balanced when the net force is ________________.

(b)

When the forces acting on an object are balanced, it is either at _______________ or moving with
__________________ _________________.

(c)

An object will ___________________________ if the forces acting on it are not balanced.

3. Draw the graph and state the relationship between acceleration, a, force, F and mass, m.
(i)

1
m

F
(m is constant)

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(F is constant)

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(ii) Relationship :

Relationship :

a is __________________________ to F

a is ________________________ to m

(iii) Combine the relationship:

F = k

; k is constant (k = 1)

F=

(b) The relationship between F, m and a is known as Newtons __________________ law of

____________.

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4.

Solve the following.

a = 3 m s-2
m = 1000 kg
(a)

A force, F is required to move an object of mass 1000 kg with an acceleration of 3 m s-2. Calculate
F when
(i)
object is on a smooth surface
(ii)
object is on a surface where the frictional force is 200 N

(b)

A block of mass 20 kg is pulled along the ground by a force, F of 60 N. The frictional force is 10 N.
Calculate the acceleration of the block.

(c)

A car of mass 1200 kg which is travelling at 90 km h-1 comes to a stop in a distance of 50 m when
the brakes are applied. What is the average braking force of the car?

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2.6 ANALYSING IMPULSE AND IMPULSIVE FORCE

A student is able to :
Explain what an impulsive force is
Give examples of situations involving impulsive forces
Define impulse as a change of momentum ie Ft = mv-mu
Define impulsive force as the rate of change of momentum in a collision or
explosion i.e F = mv-mu
t
Explain the effect of increasing or decreasing time of impact on the magnitude
of the impulsive force
Describe situations where an impulsive force needs to be reduced and suggest
ways to reduce it
Describe situations where an impulsive force is beneficial
Solve problems involving impulsive forces

1.

Define impulse and impulsive force by completing the following table.

Situation
A ball of mass, m is kicked

Explanation

with a force, F. The time of

F = ma
F=m

contact is t. The ball

F=

accelerates from u to v.

From :

mv mu = change of

F=
Impulsive force

t
mv mu
t

1
t

mv mu

Impulsive force is defined

as the .........................

. in a collision or
explosion.

Impulse

Impulse = F t =

= force x time

= change of .......
SI unit for impulse is ..... or ......

2) (i) Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers.

Impulsive force is a ..... force which acts over a very ........ time interval
during ..... and ....
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(ii) By using the figures given, determine whether the impulsive force acting is large or small.

3.
Two
the same mass are released from the same height, as shown in The figure below.
concrete floor while egg B falls on a thick
folded towel.

Using Figure A and Figure

B, compare the conditions of the
eggs after the fall and explain the
relationship between the
material where the eggs landed
Figure A
and the force acting on the eggs
upon landing.

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eggs of
Egg A falls on a

Figure B

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.......................
.......................
......................
......................
4.

A tennis ball of mass 45 g travels at a velocity of 70 m s1 immediately after it is

struck by a racket.

The time of contact between the tennis ball and the

racket is 0.5 ms. Calculate

(a) impulse
(b) impulsive force exerted on the ball.

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2.7 BEING AWARE OF THE NEED FOR SAFETY FEATURES IN VEHICLES

A student is able to :

Describe the importance of safety features in vehicles

Reinforced passenger compartment

Padded ___________

Automatic air
____
Head ______

Shatter proof
___________

Safety seat ________

Safety features

Importance

Crumple zones
To cushion an impact and increases the ___________ __________
_______________
of collision so the _______________
Side impact bars__________ produced is
_________ (ABS)
thereby reduced

Padded dashboard

Head rest
To prevent the windscreen from shattering.

Automatic air bag

Safety seat belt

To minimize the force acting from a side- on collision.

Anti-lock braking system

To increase the time interval of impact so that the resultant
impulsive force is reduced.

2.8

UNDERSTANDING GRAVITY

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A student is able to :
Explain acceleration due to gravity
State what a gravitational field is
Define gravitational field strength
Determine the value of acceleration due to gravity
Define weight (W) as the product of mass (m) and acceleration due to gravity
(g) i.e W=mg
Solve problems involving acceleration due to gravity
1. Complete the following by fill in the appropriate answer.
a.

An object will ................ to the surface of the earth because it is pulled by

..

b.

The pull or force of gravity also known as .....

c.

When an object falls without encountering any resistance and under the force of ......... only,
the object is said to be .

feather

d. All objects... freely with the same

acceleration regardless of their and

vacuum e. The constant .. of objects falling freely due

to the force of .. is known as

stone

, g.
f. Practically, a free . can only take place in
. where there is no air resistance.

g.

The region around the earth is the ...... field of the earth.

h.

The gravitational field strength is defined as the . ..... acting on a 1 kg mass.

i.

When an object falling freely, acceleration due to gravity, g = .....

2. State the differences between weight and mass in the table below.
Weight
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Mass

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1. the gravitational force act on the object.

1.

2.

2. constant quantity everywhere

3. vector quantity

3.

4.

4. base quantity, mass = m

5. SI unit : Newton (N)

5.

Solve the problem below

3. A coconut falls from rest and hit the ground after 1.2 s.
(a) What is the velocity of the coconut just before hits the
ground?
(b) Calculate the height of the coconut before it fall.

4.

A stone is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20 m s-1. If g = 10 ms-2, calculate

(a) the maximum height reached
(b) the time taken for the stone to return to its original position.

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2.9

ANALYSING FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM

A

student is able to :
Describe situations where forces are in equilibrium
State what a resultant force is
Add two forces to determine the resultant force
Resolve a force into the effective component forces
Solve problems involving forces in equilibrium

1. Fill in the blanks.

i)

Forces that act on an object are said to be in ...... when the object is
. or is moving at ....... .

ii)

The net force that acts on an object when two or more forces act on it is known as

the

..... ........
iii)

When ............... is reached, the resultant force acting on the object is .........

iv)

Newtons ........... law of motion states that to every ............. there is an equal but
opposite ..........

v)

A force can be resolved into component which are ......... to one another.

Horizontal cpmponent Fx =
Vertical component Fy =

2. In the table below, mark and label all the forces that act on the object.
i) A box is at rest on a table.

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ii) An object that is suspended by a rope.

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iii) An airplane flying at a constant velocity.

v)

iv) A trolley being pushed at a constant

velocity

A box of mass 4 kg is being pulled by a force

60 N

of 60 N at an angle of 30 0 to the surface of a

floor. Calculate

4 kg

(a) the component of the force which causes

30 0

the box to move forward.

(b) the acceleration of the box if the frictional
force between the floor and the box is 5 N.

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vi)

A man pushes a box of mass 40 kg is up an

inclined plane. The inclined plane makes an angle
of 30 0 with the horizontal floor. The frictional force
acting between the inclined plane and the box is
120 N. If the man pushes the box with a force of
400 N, calculate the acceleration of the box.

vii)
4 kg

Smooth pulley

A 4 kg trolley is connected by a rope to a load of

mass 6 kg. The friction between the table and the
trolley is 15 N. The load is then released.
Assuming that the pulley is smooth and the rope is
of negligible mass, find
(a) the resultant force that act on the system

6 kg

(b) the acceleration of the system

(c) the tension of the rope

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viii)

Two loads of mass 3 kg and 5 kg are connected by a

rope which passes through a smooth pulley. If the
system is released from rest, calculate the acceleration
of the 5 kg load.
3 kg

5 kg

3 Forces in equilibrium
i

A block of mass 6 kg is suspended vertically by a

30 0

string tied at O to the string AOB. If the system is in

equilibrium, draw a vector diagram (triangle of

O
6 kg

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forces) and hence determine the tension of string

OA and OB.

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ii)
A lamp of mass 1.5 kg is hung from a beam
as shown in the diagram. Calculate the tension
in the rope.

1.5 kg

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2.10

UNDERSTANDING WORK, ENERGY, POWER AND EFFICIENCY

LEARNING OUTCOMES

A student is able to:

Explain the process of define work (W) as the product of an applied force (F) and displacement (s) of
an object in the direction of the applied force ie W = Fs
State that when work is done energy is transferred from one object to another
Define kinetic energy and state that Ek = mv2
Define gravitational potential energy and state that Ep = mgh
State the principle of conservation of energy
Define power and state that P=W/t
Explain what efficiency of a device is
Solve problems involving work, energy, power and efficiency
SECTION A. Choose the correct word in the bracket.
1.

Work is the product of applied force and (distance/displacement) in the direction

of the applied force.

2.

When the work is done (force /energy ) is transferred from one object to another.

3.

The work done is equal to the amount of (temperature / energy) transferred.

4.

The SI unit for work is (joule / watt).

SECTION B. Fill in the blank with the correct answer.

postion

unchanged

energy

motion

1.

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its ____________________

2.

Gravitational potential energy is the energy of an object due to its

_______________________ in the gravitational field

3.

The principle of conservation of energy states that ____________________ can

be transferred from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed.

4.

The principle of conservation of energy explains that the total amount of energy
always remains _________________________.

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SECTION C. State or false for each of the following statements.

1.

Power is the rate of doing work

2.

The efficiency of a device is the percentage of the energy

input that is transformed into useful energy.

SECTION D : State the transformation of energy.

Light energy
Sound energy

Statement

Gravitational potential energy

Elastic potential energy

From

1. Durian falls to the ground

Kinetic energy
+
sound energy

2. A bulb connected to a dry cell

lights up

Electrical energy

3. A bell rings when the switch is

pressed

Electrical energy

4. The motion of an arrow when

an archer releases the string

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To

heat energy
+

Kinetic energy
+
sound energy

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SECTION E : Answer all questions.

Work done
Force and displacement in the same
direction

Force and displacement in difference direction

FY

FY

Fx
s

W = F .s

W = Work
F = ___________
s = ___________

W = FX . s
W = __________

W = work
F = force
s = displacement
= angle between ______
and _____________

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Diagram (a)
Diagram (b)
1. Diagrams (a) and (b)
shows a boy pushing
a load and a
weightlifter lifting a
load of 60 kg
a) Calculate the
work done
i.

by the boy

ii. by the weightlifter in lifting the load.

2.

Azman is pulling a box with a force of 50 N at an angle of 60o from the horizontal.
Calculate the work done to move the box to a distance of 3 m.

Displacement = 3 m

3. Samy releasing 2 kg metal ball from a building of 40 m height

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(Take the acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms-2)

Metal ball

40 meter

a) At the height of 40 m, the metal ball has ( gravitational potential energy / kinetic energy )
b) Just before the metal ball hits the ground, the maximum energy that it has is ( gravitational
potential energy / kinetic energy ).
c) Calculate
i)

The energy of the metal ball at the height of40 m.

ii)

the kinetic energy of the metal before it hits the ground.

d) What is the principle used in c ii)?

5. A motor lifting a weight 1 kg to a height of 4.0 m in 4 s. The input energy supply to the motor in
one second is 20 J. Calculate
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a) power of the motor

b) the efficiency of the motor

2.11

APPRECIATING THE IMPORTANCE OF MAXIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF DEVICES

LEARNING OUTCOMES
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A student is able to:

Recognize the importance of maximizing efficiency of devices in conserving resources
A. Fill in the box with the correct terms.
Kinetic
Resistance
Light

Friction in engine
Electrical
Heat

Device

Conversion of energy

Resistance in electrolyte
Chemical

Loss of energy

Bulb

Electrical

Heat

Petrol engine

Chemical

Heat and sound

Electric fan

Kinetic

Battery

Electrical

Loss of energy
due to

Resistance in
coil + bearing

Heat

B. Underline the correct statement below.

Statement
1.

Most of the energy in mechanical devices loss as heat and

sound.

(True/False)

2.

A major cause of inefficiency in machines is due to friction.

(True/False)

3.

The output energy of devices always more then input energy.

(True/False)

4.

Maximizing the efficiency of devices makes the best use of the

input energy and reduces energy wastage.

(True/False)

5.

Maximizing the efficiency of devices helps to conserve energy

resources.

(True/False)

6.
2.12

Answer

When energy transformations take place, not all of energy is

used to do useful work.
UNDERSTANDING ELASTICITY

LEARNING OUTCOMES
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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

(True/False)

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A student is able to:

Define elasticity
Define Hookes Law
Define elastic potential energy and state that Ep = kx2
Determine the factors that affect elasticity
Describe applications of elasticity
Solve problems involving elasticity
SECTION A : Fill in the blanks with the correct word or terms.
extension

Force constant

work

energy transferred

Elastic limit

elastic potential energy

Car spring support

elasticity

A cushion

directly proportional

Spring balance

1. The property of materials that can return to its original shape or size when the external force no longer
acts on it is known as ____________________________.
2. __________________________ of a spring is the maximum force that can be applied to a spring such
that the spring will be able to be restored to its original length when the force is
removed.
3. Hookes Law states that the extension of a spring is _________________________to applied force
provided that the elastic limit is not exceeded.

F=kx
Where

F = Force on the spring

k = ________________spring
x = ______________of the spring

4. A spring that is stretched or compressed stores ____________________________________________.

5. When a force acts on a spring,

__

is done. The work done is stored as elastic potential energy.

6. Applications of elasticity
a) _________________________is used to support our body when we sit on it them.
b) _________________________ enable passengers in a car to feel comfortable
even when it travels on a bumpy road.
c) __________________is used to measure mass/weight which is stretched when a load is hung on it.

SECTION B :

Prepared & edited by:

Syaza Izzaty Ismail

Factors that affect the elasticity of a spring. Complete the table below.

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The larger

the smaller

The shorter

elasticity

Factor
1.

Relationship to elasticity

Length

________

the spring, the larger the force

constant of the spring.

2.

3.

Diameter of spring

The larger the diameter of a spring (coil),

(coil)

the force constant of the spring.

Diameter of spring wire

_____

________ the diameter of spring wire, the

larger the force constant of the spring.

4.

Type of material

The

_________

of a spring depends on the

material it is made of.

Force, F (N)
R

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SECTION C : Answer all the question.
1. The force-extension graphs for two springs, R and S are shown below. Complete the table that
follows.20

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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

40

10

Extension, x (cm)

Statement

Spring R

Spring S

The gradient of the graph

The force constant of spring

Force needed to extend 1 cm of the
spring

The area under the graph when the

spring is extented by 5 cm

E lastic potential energy when the spring

is extented by 5 cm

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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

41

Spring _________ is more stiff compared to spring_________.

When each spring is extended by 5 cm, spring ____________stores more
elastic potential energy than spring _____________
2.

The figures below shows the arrangement of apparatus in an experiment to determine the
relationship between the extension, e of a spring T with weight, W. The relationship of e and W is
shown in the graph.

a) Based on the graph,

i.

Mark with a cross (x) the elastic limit of the spring.

ii. Name the law that is related to the graph before the elastic limit is exceeded.

iii. State the relationship between W and e before the elastic limit.

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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

42

iv. Determine the value of e when W = 8 N. Show on the graph, how you determine

the value of e.

b) The spring stores energy when it is extended.

i)

Name the type of energy stored in the spring.

ii) Calculate the force constant of the spring in SI unit.

iii) Calculate the area under the graph, when the spring is extended from 0 cm to 4 cm.

iii) Calculate the energy stored in the spring when it is extended by 4 cm.

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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

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iv) What is the relationship between area under the graph and the energy
stores in the spring.

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Syaza Izzaty Ismail

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