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Design and optimization of helical cross flow

hydro kinetic turbine


Shardul Gumaste ,Swapnil Gathe, Prashant Gunai, Akash kumar Das
Department of mechanical engineering, LTCOE, Mumbai University, India
shardulgumaste@gmail.com
swapnilgathe05@gmail.com
gunaiprashant856@gmail.com
akashdas93@gmail.com

Abstract- Pico-hydro power plants can be a future for


the fulfillment of ever increasing demand of energy.
This brief paper reports on study carried out for
designing a work producing hydrokinetic turbine with
the help of waste energy in flowing water. The lift type
turbine is designed upon the basics of gorlov turbine.
Various other turbines and their parameters where
studied and analyzed in simulation software. We
conclude this paper by providing system characteristics
of the turbine.

Even though energy conservation reduces energy


services, it can result in increased environmental quality,
national security, personal financial security and higher
savings. It is at the top of the sustainable energy
hierarchy. It also lowers energy costs by preventing
future resource depletion.

Keywords- Pico hydro power, gorlov helical turbine,


NACA0018, Wind blade airfoil characteristics,

After conducting a thorough study over all types of


energy resources, out of the renewable type,
hydroelectric power was found out to be a very good
alternative for extraction and usage purposes.

I.

INTRODUCTION

In current world scenario, there is a huge crisis of energy


resources and this amount of depletion is also
accompanied by pollution. This pollution is increasing
global warming day by day. Hence there is a huge need
of energy conservation.
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy
consumption through using less of an energy service.
Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use,
which refers to using less energy for a constant service.

To achieve energy conservation to the highest amount of


extent, we also need to use a lot of renewable source of
energy which is easily replenish able. This also reduces
the amount of pollution which in turn lessens the effect
of global warming.

II.

Purpose

For the extraction of this hydroelectric power, we need


to construct dams and hydroelectric power plants. Since
the river water flow is dependent on rainfall, the flow is
uncertain. However construction and maintenance of
these power plants is very costly. But it would be very
nice if this kind of setup could be provided some kind of
auxiliary support in terms of energy generation. This

kind of auxiliary support could be provided from the


domestic water pipe lines.

This rotation creates magnetic field in the


generator and generator generates electricity.

In domestic water pipelines, the high velocity kinetic


energy of water gets wasted everyday just for the
purpose of transmission of water to all the houses. This
kinetic energy can be used if used judiciously.
III.

Problem Definition

We need a work producing device in order to extract this


amount of kinetic energy so as to it could be used for
generation of electrical energy. In this case, the work
producing device is the turbine.

V.

Chosen Airfoil

NACA0018 (18% thickness to chord length) was chosen


because
I.

The turbine has to have the following qualities:

II.

Relatively better lift


Less center of pressure travel

Efficient so as to extract maximum power from


the flow of water.

III.

Due to availability of lift and drag for


large range of Reynolds numbers.

Robust so as to withstand flow of water with


High KE.

IV.

Generate higher torque than asymmetric


airfoils.

Light in construction so as to be easy for


installation, handling.

Easy to Assemble and Dismantle, so as to


increase Serviceability.

Corrosion resistant as it has to kept in water all


the time.

Flow of water should not get restricted as it


might disturb the usage of water of people.

Reduce effect of Cavitation as far as possible.

Comparative Analysis for Optimization

IV.

Working

It is as follows:
The pressure energy of the water in pipeline
It is converted into high kinetic energy of water
The kinetic energy of water hits the turbine
blades
This rotates the turbine blades

VI.

TURBINE PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

These are the parameters on which the performance of


our turbine depends. These are non-dimensional
performance parameters. These parameters are mostly
used for Wind and Hydrokinetic turbines.
Tip Speed Ratio The rotational speed of the turbine is
described by the tip speed ratio which represents the rate
of rotation of the turbine blade at the blade tip relative to
the speed of free stream velocity. It is given by = R/
U
Efficiency It is also called as power performance
coefficient. It is ratio of shaft power output to kinetic
power of water. It is given by CP = T/0.5U3 A. Here
is density of water and A is cross sectional area of
turbine.
Reynolds Number-It was defined for a ratio for inertial
forces to viscous forces of a fluid in the flow regime of a
flow turbine. Reynolds number for a circular pipe is
given by VD/.

VII.

TURBINE DE
ESIGN PAR
RAMETERS

Thee turbine consists of thee following parameters


p
while
w
dessigning it. Foollowing are the design parameters.
Sollidity Ratio- Solidity raatio refers to the amounnt of
turb
bine swept area that iss solid material versus that
which is void sspace. It is given
g
by equuation = BC
C/D.
herre B is the nuumber of blaades, C is thee chord length, D
is th
he diameter of the turbin
ne.
Nu
umber of bllades- The number
n
of blades
b
is dirrectly
pro
oportional to solidity. Fo
or any turbinne, as the nuumber
of blades
b
increaases, the choord length off a blade muust be
deccreased to maaintain a desired solidity ratio.
Asp
pect Ratio- Aspect ratio
o (AR) referrs to the rattio of
turb
bine height tto diameter.

study of airrfoil was requuired to seleect proper airrfoil


as it is the main
m part of turbine
t
desiggn.

IX.

DESIGN PARAMET
TERS

Design param
D
meters
Height
Diameterr
Aspect raatio
Solidity ratio
r
No of blaades
Chord len
ngth
Dischargee through
pipe
Velocity of water

BASIC
1600 mm
1066mm
1.5
0.198
3
222 mm
5.208 m3/s

OPTIMIZ
ZED
1500mm
1000mm
1.5
0.35
4
274.889m
mm
5.208 m3/ss

1.70 m/s

1.835 m/s

Helical pitch aangle - Heliccal pitch anggle (for a vertical


axis turbine refe
fers to the pittch angle thatt the blade makes
m
witth a horizontaal plane.
V
VIII.

TUB
BINE DESIG
GN

Aftter a detail study of tuurbine designn parameters the


turb
bine was dessigned for 20
050mm NM
MMC pipelinee and
the turbine perrformance parameters
p
w
where
calcullated.
Forr better perfoormance the design
d
was optimized.
o
1. Opptimization
a) Veenture effect was used to increasee the
waater velocityy thus increeasing the power
p
geenerated.
b) Thhe number of blades of the
t turbine where
w
inccreased.
c) Thhe solidity ratio was increased
d to
maaximum posssible for bettter strength.
d) Keeeping the asspect ratio coonstant the height
h
annd diameter of
o the turbinee were reducced to
maaximum posssible.

2. Prroblems in deesign
The majorr problem was to fit the turbine perffectly
into the w
water pipeline. This was overcom
me by
setting a proper aspect ratio for thee turbine. A detail
d

X.
System
parameteers
Power
Torque
Revolutiions

RESULTS
R
BASIC

OPTIMIZ
ZED

0.172 kW
23.553 Nm
70.052
RPM

0.4 kW
52.6 Nm
80.605 RP
PM

The abo
ove table speecifies that the
t performaance
parameteers of the tu
urbine were increased
i
duue to
the varioous optimizattions.

XI.
CONCLUSION
1. From various design parameters; the best
combination will give an efficient Turbine.
2. Successful Implementation will help in
eradicating power demands.
3. With some Installation cost and negligible
maintenance, a lifelong clean source of energy.

XII.

References

1. Paper on Gorlov turbine design.


2. http://www.sciencedirect.com

3. Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation Morbe


feeder pipe line data (HYDRAULIC DESIGN
TABLES FOR PIPELINES AND CIRCULAR
SEWERS AND DRAINS) Pipe Diameter
2100 mm , Discharge 1520 MLD , Velocity
5.077 m/s ,
Pressure- 7kg/cm2
4. Experimental and Analytical Study of Helical
Cross-Flow Turbines for a Tidal Micro power
Generation System by Adam L. Niblick
5. Capstone Project Report: Design and
Manufacture of a Cross-Flow Helical Tidal
Turbine.
6. Gorlov, A.M. The Helical Turbine: A New Idea
for Low-Head Hydro. Hydro Review, No. 5,
1995.
7. Gorlov AM (1998) Turbines with a twist. In:
Kitzinger U and Frankel EG (eds) MacroEngineering and the Earth:

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