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Fuel system:
In the fuel system of 2 stroke diesel engine a small amount of fuel is injected into each cylinder. The
ratio of air fuel mixture may be 40 to 1. In gasoline engine the ratio is 18 to 1. As power increases the amount of
injected fuel increases. The amount of air remains same at any amount of fuel.
Fuel injection system:
The fuel injection pumps and fuel injectors are in it. Fuel injection pump produces the necessary high
fuel pressure. When the pressure is applied to the fuel then the injectors open and spray fuel into the cylinder.
Fuel injectors are used to inject the measured amount of fuel. On injection of fuel the order of pressure to effect
the pressure inside the combustion chamber must be 1000 psi (during combustion). If pressure is least than the
pressure inside the combustion chamber, then the fuel does not inject instead the pressure would leak from
combustion chamber to injector nozzle.
Fuel injectors have 2 main uses. First it must inject the fuel towards the cylinder and second is it must control
the limit of fuel injectors. Power of engine depends on fuel amount injected.
Fuel arrangement injection:
The fuel injection pump and injectors must not completely separate.
They can be arranged in three different ways;
1.
2.
3.
Multiplane system
Unit injector system
Distribution system
Multiplane system:
In this system the separate pumping unit (plunger) and separate injectors for each cylinder. Plungers are the
part of fuel injection pump. Cam shaft inside the pumps control the action of plungers. Fuel line connects
plungers to injectors. Amount of fuel is controlled by fuel injection pump.
Unit injector system:
The injection pump and injectors are same combined into one unit and can be driven by camshaft.
Plunger is a part of injector. Penalization, timing and metering of fuel take place in it.
Distribution system:
In this system the single injection pump supplies fuel to the distribution unit. Distribution directors fuel
to the injectors in right firing order.
Fuel injection system operation:
Diesel engine uses several different injection systems. Operating systems are same. Multiplane contains
both high and low pressure fuel system. Low pressure consists of fuel pump, lines and filters. These parts give
fuel from tank to the fuel injector pump.
Crank shaft
Connecting Rods
Cam shaft
Fuel Injectors
Piston
Fuel Pump
Ports
Glow plugs:
When there is no spark efficient to start ignition mostly in cold weather the glow plugs are used. They
have a small wire that gets red hot when connected to electrical sources. It helps in ignition to start.
Suction stroke:
In this stroke the air is come in through intake port. The piston moves from TDC to BDC and at this
time the air above the piston is compressed.
Compression stroke:
In this stroke the piston moves from BDC to TDC due to which the air in the cylinder is compressed.
Power stroke:
The temperature and pressure of air at the TDC is very high. At the same time fuel is sprayed by the fuel
injector, Ignition with the help of fuel injector takes place and mixture burns with a blast and the piston moves
TDC to BDC.
Exhaust stroke:
When the piston moves downward intake port is closed and the air inside the crankcase is
compressed and through transfer port, it is transferred to the cylinder due to push of air burnt gases is escaped
out from the cylinder through exhaust port. Again the piston moves from BDC to TDC and the air gets
compressed when the both the exhaust port and transfer ports are covered and the air enters in the crank case
and the cycle repeated again.