SYNOPSIS

ON
SIX MONTH INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT
MICRON INSTRUMENTS OF PRIVATE LIMITED CHANDIGARH
Submitted to
Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar
In the partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the 8th semester curriculum of degree of
Bachelor of Technology in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
Rupinder singh
Roll No. 1312697
Under the guidance of
Academic Tutor:
Er. Sumit Sachdeva

Industrial Tutor:
Mrs.Rohit sharma

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Guru Teg Bahadur Khalsa Institute of Engineering and Technology
Chhapianwali, Malout (PB.)-152107

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a great pleasure for me to attend my training in this esteem organization. At the very outset, I
would like to express my deep gratitude to Micron Inst. Industry for giving me an opportunity to
work upon and do my training in this reputed organization. I express gratitude and pay my whole
regards to all the people at micron instruments who helped me & made my training a success.
I feel I have been part of the Micron family though only for a short time and shared the work
culture which inspired me to adapt a goal oriented approach. I owe my success to many people
who guided me and shared with me their valuable time & suggestions so that I could develop.
Under whose guidance and rich pool of experience I have started my training. I am
thankful to Mrs.Rohit Sharma (Sr. manager of micron industry), supervisors of all the other
departments and all the operators of the shop & also the Apprentice for introducing me to the
members of Micron family and for guiding me throughout the training period and for giving me
time from their busy schedule to ask my queries.
I would be failing in my duty if I dont spell my thanks to the employees of Micron Inst. Pvt.
Limited for giving shape to my ideas and thinking. They were more than encouraging and
helpful, by giving me time from their schedule to ask my queries.
Rupinder Singh
Roll No. 1312697

PREFACE

Punjab, the bread basket of India, the land of 120,000 sq.km is situated in Northern part of India.
It is agriculturally Indias most advanced and most prosperous state. Till late 60`s agriculture was
done with old crude methods. To industrialize the Defence sector, Micron Inst. Pvt. Limited.

Micron Instruments is a light Mechanical Engineering company with

over 40 years experience in the development and manufacture of high
precision defence armament stores, mainly ammunition fuzes. With an ISO
9001:2008 certification, a skilled and disciplined work force of 400
employees including 50 engineers, and ample facilities to undertake
development and manufacture of high precision light engineering products,
Micron is ideally positioned to address emerging global manufacturing
opportunities.
Micron specializes in complete mechanical manufacture covering tool design
and product development, individual piece part manufacture through to
assembly to complex mechanical systems. Our main customers include the
Indian Ministry of Defence, various ordnance factories, Indian defence public
sector undertakings and various international defence companies.
Micron has extended its product range and customer base into other
industrial sectors and is supplying high precision mechanical components for
medical equipment, primarily to GE Healthcare, USA, and Kyocera, Japan.
The Company has also made a foray in the aerospace industry and supplies
precision machined and geared parts to Moog Inc, USA, and Curtiss Wright,
USA. Our strength is our flexibility and ability to respond quickly to our
customers requests and fulfil their requirements. A competitive edge is
maintained using modern technology and equipment, effective
manufacturing systems, stringent quality management systems and
optimum utilization of skilled and qualified human resources.

Micron is an ISO 9001: 2008 accredited company and operates a Quality

Management System that meets with national and international standards by
complying with the customer requirements and expectations.
A comprehensive Quality Assurance System ensures quality of our products
through all stages of the manufacturing process including traceability and inhouse calibration of all measuring equipments and gauges.
A continuous process monitoring system aided with the use of modern
quality control equipments such as 3D CMM further enhances our endeavor
to achieve quality of highest level.
At Micron, we always strive to ensure that our Quality Control processes
meet or exceed the requirements of International standards.

With a covered area of 60,000 sq.ft. Micron specializes in

complete mechanical manufacture covering tool design and
product development, individual piece part manufacture
through to assembly of complex mechanical systems.
New Plant
Our new manufacturing facility measuring approx 120,000 sq.
Ft. is in the final stages of completion. With the addition of the

following facilities/technologies this new factory will augment

and upgrade our capabilities:

5 Axis CNC Milling

Multi Spindle Transfer Machining

Enhancement of Tool Room facilities: Jig Grinding,

Grinding & CNC Wire EDM

ECM de-burring

Provision for Auto insertion of radial and axial discreet

components

Provision for Chip Shooter for SMT components.

Enhanced testing facilities including testing of Electronic

Assemblies.

Clean Room facility for assembly and testing.

State of the art surface treatment facilities and initiation

of NADCAP approval.

FPI (Fluorescent particle Inspection) & MPI (Magnetic

particle Inspection) facilities

Certification Plans

ISO 14000

ISO 27000 (Information Security Management System)

ISO 13485

Artillery Time Fuze 213(M-2)

Mechanical time and point detonating fuze used with

spin-stabilized Illuminating /Smoke /Cargo shells mainly
for 105mm artillery weapon systems.

Time setting range of 80 seconds with muzzle safety of

1.2 seconds.

Rotational safety and arming of 1,300 rpm / 1,700 rpm.

Weight approximately 950 grams.

FuseFuzes may be delivered fitted to shells or in separate containers, in the latter case
the shell itself has a plug that has to be removed before fitting the fuze. Historically, fuzed
HE shells were provided with a standard impact fuze that had to be removed and replaced
by a time fuze when airburst was required.
Whether or not shells are delivered fuzed depends on whether or not the shells are
in sealed packaging. Historically smaller calibres, e.g. 105mm and less, usually were while
larger calibre shells were without packaging and plugged. However, in many armies it is
now normal for 155mm shells to be delivered in sealed packaging with fuzes fitted.
Image gallery[edit]
Fuzes fitted to M107 155mm artillery shells, circa 2000
Fuzed 81mm white phosphorus mortar shell in 1980. Note spelling of "fuze" on
adjacent boxes
An assortment of fuzes for artillery and mortar shells
British No. 63 Mk I Time and Percussion fuze, circa 1915 - used in shrapnel shells
British No. 100 Graze Fuze for high-explosive shell, World War I.
British Percussion Fuze No. 110 Mk III, World War I, used in trench mortars
British No. 131 D.A. (Direct Action) Impact Fuze, Mk VI, World War I, used in antiaircraft artillery

British No. 16 D Mk IV N Base percussion fuze, circa 1936

British No. 45 P Direct Action Impact Fuze, World War I, used in howitzer shells
British No 106E Mk 4 Direct Action percussion fuze introduced in the middle of
World War 1 and used with HE and Smoke showing the safety & arming sequence. The
Original No 106 did not have a shutters or magazine. Fuze No 115E was the same as No
106E but with a streamlined body to match streamlined shells.
British No 80 Mk XI Time & Percussion showing the safety & arming sequence

Percussion fuzes[edit]
Early British "direct action" nose impact fuze of 1900 with no safety or arming
mechanism, relying on heavy direct physical impact to detonate
Base-detonating fuze for Austrian 30.5 cm howitzer, as used in defeating the Belgian forts
at Lige in 1914
German 7,5 cm Pzgr. 1939 : an armour-piercing shell with base detonating fuze (1), as fired
by Panzer IV and Pak 40 anti-tank gun
French point-detonating fuze of 1916 with inertia plunger and 1/10 second delay, used with
heavy trench mortar bombs
In the 20th Century, most fuzes were 'percussion'. They may be 'direct action' (also called
'point detonating' or super quick) or 'graze'. They may also offer a delay option.
Percussion fuzes remain widespread particularly for training. However, in the 19th
Century combined T & P fuzes became common and this combination remain widespread
with airburst fuzes in case the airburst function failed or was set too long. War stocks in
western armies are now predominantly 'multi-function' offering a choice of several ground
and airburst functions.
Direct action fuzes[edit]
Direct action fuzes function by the fuze nose hitting something reasonably solid, such as the
ground, a building or a vehicle, and pushing a firing pin into a detonator. The early British
fuze at left is an example.
Direct action fuze designs are 'super-quick' but may have a delay option. 20th Century
designs vary in the relative positions of their key elements. The extremes being the firing
pin and detonator close to the nose with a long flash tube to the booster (typical in US

designs), or a long firing pin to a detonator close to the booster and a short flash tube
(typical in British designs).
Graze fuzes[edit]
Graze fuzes function when the shell is suddenly slowed down, e.g. by hitting the ground or
going through a wall. This deceleration causes the firing pin to move forward, or the
detonator to move backward, sharply and strike each other. Graze is the only percussion
mechanism that can be used in base fuzes.
Delay fuzes[edit]
Direct action fuzes can have a delay function, selected at the gun as an alternative to direct
action. Delay may use a graze function or some other mechanism. Special 'concrete
piercing' fuzes usually have only a delay function and a hardened and strengthened fuze
nose.
Base fuzes[edit]
Base fuzes are enclosed within the base of the shell and are hence not damaged by the
initial impact with the target. Their delay timing may be adjustable before firing. They use
graze action and have not been widely used by field artillery. Base fuzed shells were used
by coast artillery (and warships) against armoured warships into the 1950s. They have also
had some use against tanks, including with High Explosive Squash Head (HESH), also
called High Explosive Plastic (HEP) used after World War 2 by 105mm artillery for selfdefence against tanks and by tanks.
Airburst fuzes[edit]

Multi function fuzes[edit]

US point detonating fuze of 1915 combining adjustable timer up to 21 seconds, using a
gunpowder train, and impact mode
No. 80 "Time & Percussion" fuze licensed from Krupp was Britain's main WWI shrapnel
fuze. This igniferous fuze was set to lengths up to 22 time units before detonating and was
also detonated by inertia on impact if that occurred before expiration of the timer. After
World War I Britain had to pay Krupp large backdated licensing fees for its wartime use,
mostly against Germany[17]
A fuze assembly may include more than one fuze function. A typical combination would be
a T & P ("Time & Percussion") fuze with the fuze set to detonate on impact or expiration
of a preset time, whichever occurred first. Such fuzes were introduced around the middle of
the 19th Century. This combination may function as a safety measure or as an expedient to
ensure that the shell will be actuated no matter what happens and hence not be wasted. The
United States called mechanical T & P fuzes mechanical time super quick (MTSQ). T & P
fuzes were normal with shrapnel and HE shells (including proximity fuzes), but were not

always used with high bursting carrier shells.

However, in the early 1980s electronic fuzes with several functions and options started
appearing. Initially they were little more than enhanced versions of proximity fuzes,
typically offering a choice proximity heights or impact options. A choice of burst heights
could also be used to get optimum burst heights in terrain with different reflectivity.
However, they were cheaper than older proximity fuzes and the cost of adding electronic
functions was marginal, this meant they were much more widely issued. In some countries
all their war stock HE was fitted with them, instead of only 5 10% with proximity fuzes.
The most modern multi-option artillery fuzes offer a comprehensive choice of functions.
For example, Junghans DM84U provides delay, super quick, time (up to 199 seconds), two
proximity heights of burst and five depths of foliage penetration.
Sensor and course correcting fuzes[edit]
Sensor fuzes can be considered smart proximity fuzes. Initial developments were the United
States Seek and Destroy Armour (SADARM) in the 1980s using sub-munitions ejected
from 203mm carrier shell. Subsequent European developments, BONUS and SMArt 155,
are 155 mm calibre due to advances in electronics. These sensor fuzes typically use
millimetric radar to recognise a tank and then aim the sub-munition at it and fire an
explosively formed penetrator from above.
The main fuze development activities in the early 21st Century are course correcting fuzes.
These add guidance and control functions to the standard multi-option nose fuze package.
However, they are not the same as precision guided artillery munitions and are not
designed to be precise or unaffordable for widespread use.
Fuze setting[edit]
Early history[edit]
Solid cannonballs (shot) did not need a fuze, but hollow balls (shells) filled with
something, such as gunpowder to fragment the ball hopefully on the target needed a time
fuze. Early reports of shells include Venetian use at Jadra in 1376 and shells with fuzes at
the 1421 siege of St Boniface in Corsica. In 1596 Sebastian Halle proposed both igniting the
bursting charge by percussion and regulating the burning time of fuzes, this was
considered visionary and nothing much happened until 1682. These early time fuzes used a
combustible material that burnt for a time before igniting the shell filling. The problem was
that precise burning times required precise time measurement and recording, which did
not appear until 1672. Before this the proofmaster often tested the burning time of powder
by reciting the Apostles' Creed for time measurement.[1]
It was not until around the middle of the following century that it was realised that the
windage between ball and barrel allowed the flash from the propelling charge to pass
around the shell. This led, in 1747, to single-fire and eliminated the need to light the fuze
before loading the shell. At this time fuzes were made of beech wood, bored out and filled
with powder and cut to the required length. Experience taught that there was a minimum

safe length. In 1779 the British adopted pre-cut fuze lengths giving 4, 4.5 and 5 seconds.[2]
The first account of a percussion fuze appears in 1650, using a flint to create sparks to
ignite the powder. The problem was that the shell had to fall a particular way and with
spherical shells this could not be guaranteed. The term blind for an unexploded shell
resulted. The problem was finding a suitably stable percussion powder. Progress was not
possible until the discovery of mercury fulminate in 1800, leading to priming mixtures for
small arms patented by the Rev Alexander Forsyth, and the copper percussion cap in 1818.
The concept of percussion fuzes was adopted by Britain in 1842, many designs were jointly
examined by the army and navy, but were unsatisfactory, probably because of the safety &
arming features. However, in 1846 the design by Quartermaster Freeburn of the Royal
Artillery was adopted by the army. It was a wooden fuze some 6 inches long and used shear
wire to hold blocks between the fuze magazine and a burning match. The match was
ignited by propellant flash and the shear wire broke on impact. A British naval percussion
fuze, made of metal did not appear until 1861.[3]
There was little standardisation, well into the 19th Century, in British service, virtually
every calibre had its own time fuze. For example, seven different fuses were used with
spherical cased shot until 1850. However, in 1829 metal fuzes were adopted by the Royal
Navy instead of wooden ones. At this time fuzes were used with shrapnel, common shell
(filled with explosive) and grenades. All British fuzes were prepared by cutting to length or
boring into the bottom from below. The problem was that this left the powder unsupported
and fuze failures were common. The indefatigable Colonel Boxer suggested a better way :
wooden fuze cones with a central powder channel and holes drilled every 2/10th of an inch.
There were white and black painted fuzes for odd and even tenths, clay prevented the
powder spilling out. In 1853 these were combined into a single fuze with dual channels, 2
inches long for howitzers and common shell, 1 inch for shrapnel.[4]
However, while the Boxer time fuze was a great advance various problems had to be dealt
with over the following years. It also used a different fuze hole size to Freeburns
percussion fuze, which became obsolete. They were replaced in army service in 1861 by
those designed by Mr Pettman, these could be used with both spherical and non-spherical
shells.[5]
The final Boxer time fuze, for mortars, appeared in 1867 and the army retained wooden
fuzes although the navy used metal ones. There was a similar American wooden fuze.[6]
However, in 1855 Armstrong produced his rifled breech loading (RBL) gun, which was
introduced into British service in 1859. The problem was that there was little or no windage
between the shell and the barrel, so the propelling charge could no longer be used to ignite
the fuze. Therefore, a primer was added with a hammer suspended above it, the shock of
firing released the hammer which initiated the primer to ignite the powder time train.
Armstrongs A pattern time fuze was introduced to British service in 1860 and the shorter
length Borman fuzes in the United States.[7]
The introduction of RBL guns led to non-spherical projectiles, which landed nose first. This
enabled percussion nose fuzes, but they had to cope with the spinning shell and centrifugal

forces. This led, by about 1870, to percussion fuzes with a direct action firing pin and
detonator and a magazine to boost the detonators sufficiently to initiate the shells main
charge.[8]
Armstrongs time fuze designs evolved rapidly, in 1867 the F pattern was introduced, this
was the first time and percussion (T & P) fuze. Its percussion function was not entirely
successful and was soon replaced by the E Mk III fuze, made of brass it contained a ring of
slow burning composition ignited by a pellet holding a detonator cap that was set back onto
a firing pin by the shock of firing. It was the prototype of the T & P fuzes used in the 20th
Century, although initially it was only used with naval segment shells and it took some time
for the army to adopt it for shrapnel.
This article is about fuzes for artillery projectiles. For other military fuzes, see Fuze.
An artillery fuze or fuse is the type of munition fuze used with artillery munitions, typically
projectiles fired by guns (field, anti-aircraft, coast and naval), howitzers and mortars. A
fuze is a device that initiates an explosive function in a munition, most commonly causing it
to detonate or release its contents, when its activation conditions are met. This action
typically occurs a preset time after firing (time fuze), or on physical contact with (contact
fuze) or detected proximity to the ground, a structure or other target (proximity fuze).
Fuze, a variant of fuse, is the official NATO spelling.