08 r05310404 Digital Communication

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations, November 2008
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics &
Telematics)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define and explain the necessity of a compander.

(b) Explain different types of companding techniques. [6+10]
2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare it with PCM?

(b) Discuss different types of noise effects in delta modulation. [8+8]
3. (a) Write down the modulation waveform for transmitting binary information over
base band channels, for the following modulation schemes: ASK, PSK, FSK
and DPSK.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes?
(c) Discuss base band transmission of M-ary data. [4+6+6]
4. (a) Define M?ary signaling scheme? Derive an expression for the bit rate in M?
signaling scheme.
(b) Design a quaternary singling scheme for transmitting the output of an ergodic
source emitting an independent sequence of symbols from a source alphabet
consisting of four equiprobable symbols A, B, C and D. The symbol rate
of the source is 5000 symbols/sec and the overall error probability has to
be 10−4 . The channel available for transmitting the data has the following
characteristics.
Hc (f) = 1/{1 + j(f/5000)}
and Gn (f ) = 10−12 W/Hz. [6+10]
5. Write short notes on the following:
(a) Mutual Information.

(b) Self Information.
(c) Logarithmic measure for information. [16]
6. (a) State and explain the capacity of noisy channel?

(b) What is the difference between data rate and information rate?
(c) Draw and explain analog portion of the communication channel. [16]
7. Prove CHT =0 where C is code word and H is parity check matrix. [16]
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8. Draw and explain Trellis diagram of convolutional encoder shown in figure 8 with
rate=1/3, L=3. [16]
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Figure 8
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1. (a) Explain the process of differential quantizing scheme and compare differential
quantizing scheme with direct quantizing scheme.
(b) The message signal, m(t) is a zero mean stationary Guassian random process,
and it is sampled at a rate of 10,000 samples/second (Ts = 0.1msec). The
normalized autocorrelation function has a value of 0.8 when τ = 0.1msec.
Assume that the mean squared error due to quantizing a normal random
variable with variance ‘σ 2 ’ is 2σ 2 Q−2 . Find the mean squared error of
i. A non ? uniform quantizer with Q = 32, operating on each sample inde-
pendently.
ii. A differential quantizer with Q = 32, which operates on successive differ-
ences {M(kTs) - M((k-1)Ts)}. [8+8]
2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare it with PCM?

(b) Discuss different types of noise effects in delta modulation. [8+8]
3. Explain the design and analysis of M-ary signaling schemes. List the waveforms in
quaternary schemes. [16]
4. (a) Design a binary baseband PAM system to transmit data at a bit rate of 3600
bits/sec., with a bitn error probability less than 10−4 . The channel resources is
10−2 , f or |f | < 2400
given by Hc (f ) = 0; Otherwise
The noise power spectral density is Gn (f) = 10−4 w/Hz.
(b) Explain the performance of optimum matched filter receiver? [10+6]
5. Consider communication system in which allowable messages are m1, m2.... with
probabilities occurrence p1 , p2 , p3 .... With L messages.
Find
(a) Total Information Itotal .

(b) Average Information H.
(c) Average Information H per message with probabilities p and (1-P).
(d) Hmax . [16]
6. (a) Calculate the bandwidth limits of Shannon-Hartley theorem.

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(b) What is an Ideal system? What kind of method is proposed by Shannon for
an Ideal system? [16]
7. The parity check bits of a (8, 4) block code are generated by

C5 =d1 + d2 + d4
C6 =d1 + d2 + d3
C7 =d1 + d3 + d4
C8 =d2 + d3 + d4
Where d1 , d2 , d3 and d4 are message bits.
Find
(a) the generator matrix and parity check matrix for this code.
(b) the minimum weight of this code. [16]
8. (a) What is a convolution code? How it is generated?

(b) Explain in detail the convolution coder with a suitable diagram. [16]
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1. (a) Draw the block diagram of a PCM system and explain each block in detail.
(b) Give the advantages of PCM over other digital techniques. [12+4]
2. (a) Explain with a neat block diagram the operation of a continuously variable
slope delta modulator (CVSD).
(b) Compare Delta modulation with Pulse code modulation technique. [8+8]
3. (a) Write down the modulation waveform for transmitting binary information over
base band channels, for the following modulation schemes: ASK, PSK, FSK
and DPSK.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes?
(c) Discuss base band transmission of M-ary data. [4+6+6]
4. (a) What is meant by ISI? Explain how it differs from cross talk in the PAM.
(b) What is the ideal solution to obtain zero ISI and what is the disadvantage of
this solution. [6+10]
5. A code is composed of dots and dashes. Assume that the dash is 3 times as long
as the dots, has one-third the probability of occurrence.
Calculate:
(a) the Information in a dot and that in a hash.

(b) average Information in the dot-hash code.
(c) Assume that a dot lasts for 10 ms and that this same time interval is allowed
between symbols. Calculate average rate of Information. [16]
6. Draw relevant diagram for model of an M-ary discrete memoryless channels and
explain. [16]
7. A (15, 5) linear cyclic code has a generator polynomial

G(x) = 1 + x +x2 +x4 +x5 +x8 +x10 .
(a) Draw the block diagram of encoder and syndrome calculator for this code.
(b) Find the code polynomial for the message polynomial D(x) = 1+x2 +x4 . [16]

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8. Figure 8 describes the encoder which has four states a, b, c, d corresponding to
M1, M2 = 00, 01, 10, 11 respectively, draw the Tree Diagram. [16]
Figure 8
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Telematics)
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1. (a) State and prove the sampling theorem for band pass signals.
(b) A signal m(t) = cos(200πt) + 2 cos(320πt) is ideally sampled at fS = 300Hz.
If the sampled signal is passed through a low pass filter with a cutoff frequency
of 250Hz. What frequency components will appear in the output? [6+10]
2. (a) Compare Delta modulation and PCM techniques in terms of

i. Signal to noise ratio
ii. Bandwidth requirements
iii. Equipment complexity.
(b) Compare the overall output signal to noise ratio for 8-bit PCM and DM sys-
tems used for transmitting a base band signal whose spectrum is confined
from 300Hz to 3000Hz. Assume that the system is operated at a bit rate of
64kbits/sec and use a PSK signaling scheme with (Sav / η)= 20dB. [9+7]
3. (a) Draw the block diagram and explain the base band decoder used to recover
the signal in a BPSK system i.e. DEPSK decoder.
(b) The bit stream d(t) is to be transmitted using DEPSK. If d(t) is 001010011010,
determine b(t). Show that the data d(t) is recovered using the decoder of
DEPSK. [8+8]
4. (a) What is meant by ISI? Explain how it differs from cross talk in the PAM.
(b) What is the ideal solution to obtain zero ISI and what is the disadvantage of
this solution. [6+10]
5. One experiment has three mutual exclusive outcomes Aj , j =1, 2, 3 and second
experiment has three mutually exclusive outcomes Bj , j=1, 2, 3. The joint proba-
bilities P (A, B) are
P (A1 , B1 ) = 0.11 P (A1 , B2) = 0.08 P (A1 , B3 ) = 0.13
P (A2 , B1 ) = 0.15 P (A2 , B2 ) = 0.03 P (A2 , B3 ) = 0.09
P (A3 , B1 ) = 0.11 P (A3 , B2 ) = 0.04 P (A3 , B3 ) = 0.06
With the given joint probabilities P (Ai , Bj ), if the outcomes Ai , i=1, 2, 3, 4 of
experiment A.
Determine the Mutual Information I (Bj; Ai ) for j=1, 2, 3 and i=1, 2, 3, 4, in bits.
[16]

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6. A nonsymmentric binary channel is shown figure 6.
of n>k bits with an example.
Figure 6
Find H(X), H(Y), H(X/Y), and H(Y/X) when P(x = 0) =1/4, P(X = 1) = 3/4, α
= 0.75, and β = 0.9. [16]
7. Explain about block codes in which each block of k message bits encoded into block
[16]
8. Explain various methods for describing Conventional Codes. [16]
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08 r05310404 Digital Communication

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www.andhracolleges.

com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R05310404 Set No. 1

1. (a) Define and explain the necessity of a compander.

2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare it with PCM?

5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Mutual Information.

6. (a) State and explain the capacity of noisy channel?

Seminar Topics - Scholarships - Admission/Entrance Exam Notifications

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05310404 Set No. 1

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R05310404 Set No. 2

2. (a) What is Delta modulation and compare it with PCM?

(a) Total Information Itotal .

6. (a) Calculate the bandwidth limits of Shannon-Hartley theorem.

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 2

7. The parity check bits of a (8, 4) block code are generated by

8. (a) What is a convolution code? How it is generated?

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 3

(a) the Information in a dot and that in a hash.

7. A (15, 5) linear cyclic code has a generator polynomial

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 3

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 4

2. (a) Compare Delta modulation and PCM techniques in terms of

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Code No: R05310404 Set No. 4

8. Explain various methods for describing Conventional Codes. [16]

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