ch.6b PHP Basic

Hong Kong Baptist University
Week 6
Basic PHP and Program Flow
22/02/2010
Dr. Tony Chun-Kuen WONG

Coordinator, BBA(Hons) Information Systems Management Major
Coordinator,, BBA(Hons)
( ) Information Systems
y and e-Business Management
g
Concentration
Department of Finance and Decision Sciences
School of Business
PHP Basic
<html>
ht l </html>
/ht l
are used to inform the web server this is a html program
Just send to client browser to interpret
Fil extension
File t i
Filename.htm or Filename.html
Basic PHP Start and End Tags

First Tag <?php ?>
Second Tag <? ?>
Third Tag <script language = “php”>
php > </script>
The web server will parsed it using the PHP parser which is the Zend engine in our
system
File extension
Filename.php or Filename.php3 or Filename.php4
First example
p
phptags.php http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/phptags.php
PHP Basic
Second Example
Combining HTML and PHP
firstscript.php
p p p
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/firstscript.php
Both <html> </html> tab and PHP tag <?php ?> exist in the same program
with
i h extension
i .php
h
Program note
C
Command d (Echo)
(E h )
The String (<p><em>Hello World! I’m using PHP!</em></p>), and
The instruction terminator (;)
PHP Basic
Third Examples with error in instruction terminator

errorscript-a.php
• http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/errorscript-a.php
p p p p p p p
errorscript-b.php
• http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/errorscript-b.php
Fourth Examples with error in escape (\) character

errorscript2-a.php
htt //i 03 hkb d hk/ i 20/ h l / i t2 h
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/errorscript2-a.php
errorscript2-b.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/ isemuser20/phpexamples/errorscript2 b.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/errorscript2-b.php
PHP Basic
Commenting your code

Insert comments into code
// single line comment
# another single
g line comment
/*
multiple
line
comment
*/
Fifth Example
comments.php
• http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/comments.php
Variable
Representing a particular value,
value such as
Tony or Cool or 100 or …
Example
$username = “Tony”;
$mark = 100;
Naming the variable

Use meaningful name such as
• $totalmark, $studentname, $brandofcar or
• Name you need to guess $p, $benz, $honda, …
Variables and Operators in PHP

Data Type in PHP
Standard Type
Integer
Double
String (USING ‘ or “ TO quote the character and
using
g \ ‘ and \ “ to p
print ‘ and “ within the string)
g)
Boolean
Object
Array
S i l Data
Special D Type
T
Resource (Reference to a third party resources)
NULL (An uninitialized variables)
Sixth example
printvarscript.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/printvarscript.php
http://isem03 hkbu edu hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/printvarscript php
Pre-Defined Variables
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/phpinfo.php
$_GET
Contains variables with get method
$_POST
Contains variables with put method
$_COOKIE
Contains variables through cookies
$_FILES
Contains variables through file upload
$ ENV
$_ENV
Contains variables about server environment
$ SESSION
$_SESSION
Contains variables registered in a session
Constants
A constant is an identifier for a value that cannot

change
g during g the course of a script
p
define ( “CONSTANT
CONSTANT_NAME
NAME”, value);
E.g. define (“TONY_CONST”, 114);
Remark
(make Constant name case insensitive by adding the true clause
in definition)
E.g. define (“TONY_CONST”, 114 , true);
Then Tony_Const = TONY_CONST = …
Constants
Seventh example
constants.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/constants.php
http://isem03 hkb ed hk/ isem ser20/phpe amples/constants php
Some ppredefined constants

_FILE_ ; _LINE_ ; PHP_VERSION ; PHP_OS
Ei h h example
Eighth l
constants2.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/constants2.php
isemuser20/phpexamples/constants2.php
Assignment and Arithmetic operators

Assignment
A i t =
Arithmetic
Addition +
Substraction -
Multiplication
p *
Division /
Modulus %

Concatenation and Combined Assignment
operators
Concatenation .
E.g. ‘hello’ . ‘world’ return ‘helloworld’
Combined Assignment
+= , -= , *= , /= , %= , .=
E.g. $x *= 5 is equivalent to $x = $x * 5;
Comparsion Operators
== equivalent
i l t
!= non-equivalent
=== id ti l (same
identical ( data
d t type)
t )
>
>=
<
<=
Logical Operators
|| , or
Xor left or right is true but not both
&& , andd
! not
Auto increment and decrement of integer variable

U i ++ andd --
Using
E.g. $x++; is equivalent to $x = $x + 1;
What will happen to the following code

(A) (B)
$x = 3; $x = 3;
$x++ < 4; ++$x < 4;
Order of precedence of selecting operators

++ -- (Cast)
(C )
/ * %
+ -
< <= => >
== === !=
&&
||
= += -= *== /= %= .=
=
and
xor
or
Operators examples
assignscript.php
i i t h
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/assignscript.php
arithmeticscript.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/arithmeticscript.php
p p p p p p p
comparisonscript.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/comparisonscript.php
logicalscript.php
http://isem03.hkbu.edu.hk/~isemuser20/phpexamples/logicalscript.php
Changing Type in PHP

Using settype ( )
settype ( variable_name, ‘data_type’);
E g settype ($tonydata , ‘boolean’);
E.g. boolean );
Using Casting
E.g.
$tonydata = 100.00;
$newdata = (string) $tonydata;
Using gettype ( ) to obtain the data type of the

variable
Flow Control - if Statement

If (expression)
{
// code to excute if the expression evaluates to true
}
elseif (expression)
{
// code to excute if the previous expression failed and
// this one evaluates to true
}
else
{
// code to excute in all other cases
}
Flow control - switch Statement

switch (expression)
{
case result1 :
// excute if expression results in results 1
break;
case result2 :
// excute if expression results in results 2
break;
default :
// execute this if no break statement
// has been encountered hitherto
}
? Operator
(expression)?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expressio
n_is_false;
i f l
Flow control - while, do while

while (expression)
{
// do something
}
do
{
// code to be excuted
}
while (expression);
f Statement
for St t t
for (variable assignment; test expression; variable increment)
{
// code to be executed
}
using break to escape from the Loop
using continue to skip the iteration
For ($a=0; $a <=3; $a++)

{
echo “a equals $a<br>”;
}
T PHP L
Try Laboratory
b t A
Activity
ti it now !!,
!!
with your work
ready
d by
b 01/03/2010 11:00a.m.
11 00 iin your account

ch.6b PHP Basic

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Hong Kong Baptist University

Basic PHP and Program Flow

Dr. Tony Chun-Kuen WONG

Hong Kong Baptist University

 Basic PHP Start and End Tags

Hong Kong Baptist University

 Third Examples with error in instruction terminator

 Fourth Examples with error in escape (\) character

 Commenting your code

Hong Kong Baptist University

 Naming the variable

Variables and Operators in PHP

Hong Kong Baptist University

 A constant is an identifier for a value that cannot

 Then Tony_Const = TONY_CONST = …

Hong Kong Baptist University

 Some ppredefined constants

Assignment and Arithmetic operators

Hong Kong Baptist University

Hong Kong Baptist University

Auto increment and decrement of integer variable

 What will happen to the following code

Hong Kong Baptist University

Order of precedence of selecting operators

Hong Kong Baptist University

Changing Type in PHP

 Using gettype ( ) to obtain the data type of the

Flow Control - if Statement

Hong Kong Baptist University

Flow control - switch Statement

Hong Kong Baptist University

Flow control - while, do while

using break to escape from the Loop

using continue to skip the iteration

For ($a=0; $a <=3; $a++)

Hong Kong Baptist University

with your work

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Basic PHP Start and End Tags

Third Examples with error in instruction terminator

Fourth Examples with error in escape (\) character

Commenting your code

Naming the variable

A constant is an identifier for a value that cannot

Then Tony_Const = TONY_CONST = …

Some ppredefined constants

What will happen to the following code

Using gettype ( ) to obtain the data type of the