Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SPECIAL NOTICE
to
ANSIIASME PTC 11-1984 was originally issued with an automatic addenda subscription service. This service has been cancelled: This Code will be revised when the Society
approves the issuance of a new edition; there will be no addenda or written interpretations
of the requirements of this Code issued to this edition.
C0052N
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3842.l
Not for Resale
This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no
addenda or written interpretations of the requirementsof this Standard issued to this edition.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced
to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity t o participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the
public-at-large.
ASME does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing
a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, i s entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representatives) or persons) affiliated with industry is not to be
interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME does not accept any responsibility for interpretations of this document made by individual
volunteers.
Copyright O 1984 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
E.
Fans
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. -_ -..- .-*Y-?--.,.
.
...
. .
. .
0757b70 0053272 7 W
PERFORMANCE
TEST
Fans
CODES
THE
A M E R I C A N
SOCIETY
OF
M E C H A N I C A L
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ENGINEERS
New York, N.Y. 10017
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The 1984 Edition of this Code is being issued with an automatic addenda subscription
service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in response to public review comments or committee actions to be published every 2 years; revisions published in addenda
will become effective 6 months after the Date of Issuance of the addenda. The next
edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 1989.
ACME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretationsof technical aspects of
this Code. The interpretations will be included with the above addenda service. Interpretations are not part of the addenda to the Code.
This code or standard was developed under proceduresaccredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced
to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the
public-at-large.
ASM E does not "approve," "rate," or "endorse" any item, construction, proprietary device, or
activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing
a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, i s entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s1 or person(s1 affiliated with industry i s not to be
interpreted a$ government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME does not accept any responsibility for interpretations of this document made by individual
volunteers.
Copyright O 1984 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
ASME P T C * l l 8 4
0759670 0053274 2
FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of ANSVASME PTC 11-1984.)
PTC 11-1946, entitled Test Code for Fans, was published by the Society in 1946. As
noted in its Foreword, the personnel of the committee that developed the Code
consisted of members of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers,
the National Association of Fan Manufacturers, and the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.The Code, as written, was basically a laboratory test standard in
that it provided instructions for arrangement of test equipment such as ducts, plenum
chamber, and flow straighteners, as well as instruments. It even stated that the test
could be conducted in the manufacturers shops, the customers premises, or
elsewhere. This Code was widely distributed and the principles set forth in it
undoubtedly provided the basis for many other laboratory standards for testing fani.
Most ASME Power Test Codes (later called Performance Test Codes) provided
instructions for testing equipment after it was installed. Since PTC 11-1946 was basically
a laboratory standard, it was allowed to go out of print with the expectation that a
revised code would be written that would provide directions for site testing of fans.
In July of 1961, a new PTC 11 Committee was formed. Several drafts were prepared,
but all of them essentially provided laboratory directions. This Committee still considered field or site testing to be impractical unless laboratory conditions could be
duplicated.
The PTC 11 Committee was reorganized in 1971. It initially attempted to resolve the
difficulties of site testing by resorting to model testing. This was not acceptable to the
Society. Ultimately, procedures were developed that could be used in the field without
the need to modify the installation so as to condition the flow for measurement. The
Committee performed tests to determinethe acceptabilityof these procedures. These
tests included full-scale field tests of two large mechanical-draft fans as well as various
laboratory tests of various probes for measuring flow angles and pressures. Subsequent
tests (Ref. 19) performed independently of the Committee have demonstrated the
practicability of this Code with regard to both manpower and equipment in a largepower-plant situation.
The Committee has also monitored the progress of a n International Committee
which was writing test codes for fans. While this Committee, I S 0 117, had not
completed its work, it was obvious that several things they were doing should be
incorporated in PTC 11. The major item contributed by I S 0 117 is the concept of
specific energy (also called work per unit mass) which, when combined with mass flow
rate, provides an approach to fan performance that can be used instead of thevolume
flow rate/pressure approach. I S 0 also recognizes the distributionality of velocity
across the measuring plane and PTC 11 incorporates provisions to account for this.
This Code was approved by the Board on Performance Test Codes on M a y 19,1983. It
was approved and adopted by the American National Standards Institute, Inc., on
March 23,1984.
iii
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OFFICERS
R. Jorgensen, Chairman
C. O. Wood, Vice Chairman
M, M. Merker, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
H. R. Bohanon, ACME Engineering and Manufacturing Co.
R. Campbell, Foster Wheeler Boiler Corp.
M. J.Dorsey, TRW, Inc.
P. M. Cerhart, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron
R. E. Henry, Sargent & Lundy Engineers
R. Jorgensen, Buffalo Forge Co.
S. W.Lovejoy, Long Island Lighting Co.
F. S. Nolfe, Stearns-Roger, Inca*
S. P. Nuspl, Babcock & Wilcox
R. F. Storm, Flame Refractories, Inc.**
C. O. Wood, Fan Systems Co.***
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
W.
Formerly with
*TLT-Babcock
**Carolina Power & Light
***Westinghouse Electric Corp.
V
0 7 5 b 7 0 005l127b b
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
~
G. J. Gerber
A. S . Grimes
K. G. Grothues
R. Jorgensen
W. C. Krutzsch
A. Lechner
P. Leung
S . W. Lovejoy
D. W. Anacki
R. P. Benedict
K. C. Cotton
W. A. Crandall
R. C. Dannettel
J. S . Davis
J. H. Fernandes
W. L. Carvin
vi
. - ,
Not for Resale
W. G. McLean
J. W. Murdock
L. C. Neale
R. J. Peyton
W. A. Pollock
W. O. Printup
J. C. Westcott
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C * 1 1 8 4
0759b70 0051277 8
CONTENTS
........................................................
.......................................
Foreword
Standards Committee Roster
Section
1 INTRODUCTION
...................................................
......................................................
...................................................
.......................................................
.................................................
DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTION OF TERMS .........................
2.1
Symbols .....................................................
2.2
Temperature .................................................
2.3
Specific Energy and Pressure ...................................
2.4
Density ......................................................
2.5
Fan Boundaries ...............................................
2.6
Fan Performance .............................................
2.7
Fan Operating Conditions ........ .-...........................
2.8
Errors and Uncertainties .......................................
GUIDING PRINCIPLES ..............................................
3.1
Introduction .................................................
3.2
Prior Agreements .............................................
3.3
Code Philosophy .............................................
3.4
System Design Considerations .................................
3.5
Internal Inspection and Measurement of Cross Section ...........
3.6
Test Personnel ...............................................
3.7
Point of Operation ...........................................
3.8
Method of Operation During Test ..............................
3.9
Inspection. Alterations. Adjustments ...........................
3.10
Inconsistencies ...............................................
3.11
Multiple Inlets or Ducts .......................................
3.12
Preliminary Test ..............................................
3.13
Reference Measurements .....................................
INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT ..................
4.1
General Considerations .......................................
4.2
Traverse Specifications ........................................
4.3
Atmospheric Pressure .........................................
4.4
Temperature .................................................
4.5
Moisture ....................................................
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
General
Objectives
Scope
Applicability
vii
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I-
iii
v
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
7
7
8
8
8
12
12
13
13
13
13
15
15
16
16
16
16
16
16
17
17
19
19
19
23
23
27
.............................................
...........................................
..............................................
................................................
.............................................
.................................................
CALCULATIONS ....................................................
5.1
General Considerations .......................................
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
Gas Composition
Pressure Sensing
Pressure Indicating
Yaw and Pitch
Rotational Speed
Input Power
37
37
37
39
42
42
44
44
45
46
46
47
50
..................................................
57
57
57
.............................................
................................................
...............................................
......................................
..............................................
......................................
....................
......................................................
.......................
.................................................
REPORT OF RESULTS ...............................................
6.1
General Requirements ........................................
6.2
Figures
Test Report
48
.....................
36
Appendices
A
Typical Results Summary and Data Sheets
B
Computer Code and Input Form
C
Sample Computer Output
D
Derivations of Uncertainty Equations
E
Assigning Values to Primary Uncertainties
F
References ...................................................
59
65
109
121
129
133
2.1
2.2
4.1
4.2
4.3(a)
4.3(b)
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.1
5.2
Table
4.1
................................
......................
..........................
..........................
................................
...........................................
............................................
..............................................
................
...................................
............................
...............................
.....................................
...........................
.......................
viii
..
27
27
32
33
33
35
9
10
21
22
24
25
26
28
29
31
34
43
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4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0759b70 0051277
FANS
SECTION 1
1.1
- INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
1.3
1.4
1.2
OBJECTIVES
APPLICABILITY
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SCOPE
ASME
__
FANS
SYMBOLS
Unit/Value
Symbol
Description
US, Customary
SI
ft2
m2
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
ft2
m2
CD
dimensionless
dimensionless
c,
dimensionless
dimensionless
CP
BtuAbm
OF
J/kg
CV
Btu/lbm
O F
J/kg * K
Duct diameter
ft
Probe diameter
ft
eK
ft Ib/lbm
J/kg
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
FSX
Frequency
Hz
Hz
ft/sec2
m/s2
6C
(See p. 7)
11
Enthalpy
Btu/lbm
J/kg
(See p. 7)
KI
dimensionless
dimensionless
KV
dimensionless
dimensionless
KP
Compressibility coefficient
(mass flow - specific energy approach)
dimensionless
dimensionless
Kil
Compressibility coefficient
(volume flow - pressure approach)
dimensionless
dimensionless
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
F"
2.1
FANS
SYMBOLS (cont'd.)
nit/Value
Symbol
Description
U.S. Customary
SI
I<
dimensionless
dimensionless
Mach number
dimensionless
dimensionless
Molecular weight
Ibm/lbm-mol
kg/kg-mol
M a s s flow rate
Ibm/sec
kg/s
fi+
Ibm/sec
kg/s
Rotational speed
r Pm
rev/s
rPm
rev/s
Counts or number
dimensionless
dimensionless
nP
Number of poles
dimensionless
dimensionless
Pl
hP
kW
PO
hP
kW
Pb
Barometric pressure
in. Hg
k Pa
PP
in. Hg
k Pa
P Fs
kPa
P Fi
in. wg
k Pa
PFv
in. wg
k Pa
PP
in. Hg
k Pa
Ps
Static pressure
in. wg
kPa
Psa
k Pa
Pi
Total pressure
in. wg
k Pa
Pia
in. wa
k Pa
P"
Velocity pressure
in. wg
k Pa
AP
Differential pressure
in. wg
k Pa
QF
cf m
m3/s
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
N,
n
dimensionless
dimensionless
ft Ib/lbm.
J/kg * K
O R
Ro
(See p. 7)
Aspect parameter
dimensionless
dimensionless
SP
ft2
m2
Specific humidity
O R
O R
K
K
Dry-bulb temperature
O F
O C
Static temperature
O F
OC
Total temperature
O F
OC
Wet-bulb temperature
O F
O C
--
- ------a\
FANS
2.1
SYMBOLS (contd.)
Unit/Value
Symbol
Description
US. Customary
SI
Time
sec
UX
Absolute uncertainty i n X
same as X
same as X
Relative uncertainty i n X
per unit
per unit
Velocity
fPm
m/s
kW
kW
ft3/ft3
m3/m3
dimensionless
dimensionless
ft Ib/lbm
Vkg
di mension less
dimensionless
YF
K,
K,
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
dimensionless
Fan efficiency
Motor efficiency
Power factor
dimensionless
dimensionless
Sensitivity coefficient
various
various
Dynamic viscosity
Ibm/ft sec
Pa . s
Density
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
Ibm/ft3
kg/m3
...
Torque
Ib * ft
Nem
Pitch angle
deg.
deg.
Yaw angle
deg.
deg.
Converted value
...
...
dS
Dry gas
Liquid
Subscripts
fS
...
Liquid to vapor
...
Vapor
...
5
...
...
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Greek Symbols
_
_
l
~~
ASME P T C * 1 1 8Ll W 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0 0 5 1 2 8 3 3
~~
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FANS
SYMBOLS (cont'd.)
2.1
Unit/Value
~
SI
U.S. Customary
Description
Symbol
Subscripts (cont'd.)
...
...
*..
ma
Moist air
mg
Moist gas
...
...
Reference measurement
...
...
ref
*..
*..
...
...
...
Plane O (ambient)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
*..
*..
459.7" F
273.2"C
...
60 sedmin
1.0 s/s
...
1.o
1.8 O R/K
*..
1.0 Pa s
...
1.0 Btu/lbm
4186 J/kg * OC
*..
2.96 X
Superscripts
R
Random
Systematic
c4
CS
c6
c7
c8
C9
CIO
Cll
c12
cl
5
O F
in. Hg/OF2
in. Hg/OF
-1.59 X
. . <
...
...
...
3.25 X
kPa/"C
18.6 X
kPa/"C
692 X
kPa
1500C
2700O F
...
&(rn2/s2
*..
1.O kPa/kPa
*..
745.7 W/hp
IO3 W/kW
(103/27r) N . m rev/kW * s
kPa)1'2
6
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
\
Not for Resale
ASEE P T C x L L B q
0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0051284 5
FANS
2.1
SYMBOLS (cont'd.)
Unit/Value
Symbol
Description
U.S. Customary
SI
*..
c17
*..
SC
e . .
1.0 kg * m/N . s2
778.2.ft * Ib/Bt
1.0 J/J
c16
...
...
I
Ro
N * m/kW
- min
1545 ft Ib/lbm-mol
O R
-s
1.0 kJ/kW s
8314 J/kg-mol * K
NOTES:
2.2
TEMPERATURE
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2.2.6 Wet-bulb depression i s the difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures at
the same location.
2.3
2.3.1 Specific energy is energy per unit mass. Specific kinetic energy i s kinetic energy per unit mass
and is equal to one-half the square of the fluid
velocity. Specific potential energy is potential energy per unit mass and i s equal to the gravitational
acceleration multiplied by the elevation above a
specified datum. Fluid pressure divided by density
i s sometimes called specific pressure energy and i s
considered a type of specific energy; however, this
term i s more properly called specific flow work,
2.3.4 Barometric pressure (pb) is the absolute pressure exerted by the atmosphere.
2.3.7 Static pressure (ps,ps,) is the pressure measured in such a manner that no effect is produced
by the velocity of the flowing fluid. Similar to the
static temperature, it would be sensed by a measuring instrument moving at the same velocity as
the fluid. Static pressure may be expressed as either
an absolute or gage pressure. Absolute static pressure i s used as a property in defining the thermodynamic state of the fluid.
2.3.9 Velocity pressure (pv),sometimes called dynamic pressure, is defined as the product of fluid
densityand specific kinetic energy. Hence, velocity
pressure i s kinetic energy per unit volume. If
compressibility can be neglected, it i s equal to the
difference of the total pressure and the static
pressure at the same point in a fluid and i s the
differential pressure which would be sensed by a
properly aligned Pitot-static tube. In this Code the
indicated velocity pressure (pvi)shall be corrected
for probe calibration, probe blockage, and compressibility before it can be called velocity pressure.
2.4
DENSITY
FAN BOUNDARIES
2.5
2.6
FAN PERFORMANCE
(1)l.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
0757670 0053286 7
ANSI/ASME PIC 11-1984
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Centrifugal Fans
Silencer
Inlet box
Inlet box
Fan
Diffuser
Axial Fans
GENERAL NOTES:
@@
@@
FIG. 2.1
9
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
if a
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.6.3 The Volume Flow Rate - Pressure Approach. The fan performance parameters associated with this approach are defined as follows.
(a) Fan volume flow rate (QF) i s the fan mass flow
rate divided by the fan gas density.
( 6 ) Fan pressure. In this approach, three fan
pressures are defined:
(7) Fan total pressure ( p F I )i s the difference
between the average total pressure at the fan outlet
and the average total pressure at the fan inlet. Only
the component of velocity in the nominal direction
of flow shall be taken into account when determiningfan total pressure. Refer to Par. 5.7for appropriate averages. It is customary t o assume that pressure
changes due to elevation changes are negligible in
fans.
(2) Fan velocitypressure ( p F v i)s the product of
the average density and average specific kinetic
energy a t the fan outlet. Refer to Par. 5.7 for the
appropriate averages.
(3) Fan static pressure (pFs)i s the difference
between the fan total pressure and the fan velocity
pressure. Therefore, fan static pressure i s the difference between the average static pressure at the
fan outlet and the average total pressure a t the fan
inlet. Refer to Par. 5.7 for appropriate averages.
(c) Fan gas density (pF) i s the total density of the
gas at fan inlet conditions.
( d ) Fan output power (Po) equals the product of
fan volume flow rate, fan total pressure, and compressibility coefficient K
.,
(e) The compressibility coefficient (K,) is a dimensionless coefficient employed to account for
compressibility effects [Ref. (4)1 and i s calculated
according to the procedure given in Par. 5.11.4 [Ref.
(1911.
( f ) Fan efficiency. I n this approach, fan efficiency i s expressed as either fan total efficiency or
fan static efficiency.
(7) Fan total efficiency (iil) is the ratio of fan
output power to fan input power. This may also be
called total-to-total efficiency.
(2) Fan static efficiency (q5) is the ratio of fan
output power t o fan input power, in which the fan
output power is modified by deleting the fan
velocity pressure. This may also be called total-tostatic efficiency.
(Pn,
= (P2 - P l ) [ 1
-)
dP
P
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
--
m 075b70
0051287 4
2.7
2.8
ERRORS A N D UNCERTAINTIES
FANS
(ec)
e,
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C * 1 1 84
ASME P T C * l L 84 M 0759670 0 0 5 3 2 9 0 O
ANSVASME PTC 11-1 984
A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
SECTION 3
3.1
- GUIDING PRINCIPLES
3.3
INTRODUCTION
3.2
CODE PHILOSOPHY
3.3.1 This Code offers the user the choice of expressing fan performance in terms of mass flow rate
and specific energy or volume flow rate and pressure. After reviewing both methods, the parties to
the test shall decide which method they intend to
use. Once a method is selected then the principles
and procedures for only that method shall be
adhered to throughoutthe test, rather than commingling the various aspects of the two methods [Ref.
(1)l.
PRIOR AGREEMENTS
Prior to conducting a Code test, written agreement shall be reached by the parties to the test on
the following items:
( a ) object of test
(6) duration of operation under test conditions
(c) test personnel and assignments
(d) person in charge of test
(e) test methods to be used
( f ) test instrumentation and methods of calibration
(g) locations for taking measurements and orientation of traverse ports
(h) number and frequency of observations
( i ) method of computing results
( j ) values of primary uncertainties
( k ) arbitrator to be used if one becomes desirable
(i) applicable contract performance curves and/
or the specified performance and operating
conditio ns
( m ) fan boundaries
(n) number of test runs
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0757b70 0053273 2 9
FANS
(71, (a), ( 9 ~ .
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME PTC*33 8 4
ASME P T C * 1 1 84
0759670 0051272 4
ANSVASME PTC 11-1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.3.8 A question that invariably arises in connection with any test i s how accurate are the results?
[Ref. (2)J.Thisquestion is addressed in this Code by
the inclusion of a complete procedure for the
evaluation of uncertainties. It is believed that all
significant sources of error in a fan test have been
identified and addressed in this procedure. Since in
fact any results based on measurements are of little
value without an accompanying statement of their
expected accuracy, uncertainty evaluation is made
a mandatory part of this Code.
3.3.9 Commercially quoted fan performance is usually based on measurements made under laboratory conditions, In a laboratory test, a fan i s oper-
3.4
3.5
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0753b70 0053233 b
FANS
3.6
TEST PERSONNEL
3.9
3.7
POINT OF OPERATION
3.8
3.10
3.11
___
,_-
INCONSISTENCIES
if inconsistencies in the measurements are observed during the conduct of the test, the person in
charge of the test shall be permitted to take steps to
remedy the inconsistency and to continue the test.
Any actions in this regard must be noted and are
subject to approval by the parties to the test. Any
such action shall be fully documented in the test
report.
INSPECTION, ALTERATIONS,
ADJUSTMENTS
======A,
Not for Resale
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME
PTC*LI
8 4 W 0759b70 0 0 5 3 2 4 4
more practical to measure the conditions downstream of the split, then the conditions in each
branch of the duct shall be measured to determine
the total flow.
PRELIMINARY TEST
3.13
REFERENCE MEASUREMENTS
17
(T2R)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
3.12
B W
ASME P T C * 3 L B q
= 0759b70
0053295 T M
ANSI/ASME PTC 11-1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
SECTION 4
- INSTRUMENTS A N D METHODS
OF MEASUREMENT
4.1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.2
TRAVERSE SPECIFICATIONS
FANS
Code recognizes that the distributions of gas composition and moisture are generally much more
uniform than the distributions of velocity, pressure,
and temperature. Accordingly, the Code does not
require that gas composition and moisture be
measured a t every point in a traverse plane. Similarly, the Code does not require that these quantities be measured at all traverse planes if there are
sound reasons to believe that there will be no
change between planes. There may also be cases
where the distribution of temperature i s quite
uniform. The parties may, therefore, agree to relax
the requirement for temperature measurements if
they are convinced this will have a negligible effect
on the results.
4.2.4 Determination of Sampling Grid. Measurements shall be taken at centroids of equal elemental areas. However, allowing for probe stem
droop and the need to avoid outside duct bracing,
the probe tip shall be located within a central area
the sides of which are no more than 30% of the
corresponding dimensions of the elemental area.
Similarly, the probe tip may be outside the traverse
plane by no more than 30% of the largest elemental
area dimension, and then only if the duct area is the
same as a t the traverse plane. Refer to Figs. 4.1 and
4.2.
The number of test points shall be the larger of
the following:
( a ) 24 points, or
(b) not less than one point for every 2 ft2 (0.2 m2)
For measurement planes of rectangular and
square cross section, the aspect parameter S shall
be between 2/3 and 4/3 where
S=
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
y.
ASME P T C * 2 1 BLt
0759670 0053297 3
=
ANSVASME PTC 11 -1984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
Traverse plane
GENERAL NOTE:
FIG. 4.1
21
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
locations
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
~~
0753b70 0051248 5
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Preferred
locations
From:
an=
a =probe penetration
u = number of traverse
where
fn = depth in radial
direction
dn
= D-2an
e = number of radial
traverse lines
FIG. 4.2
Maximum offset
to clear external
obstructions
0759670 0051299 7
ANSIIASME PTC 11-1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
4.4
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
4.3.2 Accuracy. The barometer shall have a demonstrated accuracy of plus or minus 0.05 in. Hg (170
Pa).
Readings shall be corrected for temperature and
gravity according to the procedures given in PTC
19.2 in the section on barometers.
4.4.4 Number of Readings. Temperature measurements shall be made a t each traverse point for each
traverse plane. Temperatures can be measured
simultaneously with pressures if the thermocouple
is attached to the pressure probe so that it does not
interfere with other measurements.
If the fan handles ambient air, the air temperature shall be measured in the test vicinity at the
beginningofthetest and every15 min until thetest
i s completed. These measurements are used to
monitor the operational steadiness and to calculate
the results.
4.3.3 Calibration. The barometer shall be calibrated in accordance with the section on barometer calibration in PTC 19.2.
4.3.4 Number of Readings. Measurements shall be
made in the test vicinity at the beginning of the test
and repeated every 15 min until the test i s completed. These readings shall be used not only for
4.4.5 Operation. The operation of various temperature measuring systems shall conform to PTC 19.3.
23
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.4.1 Instruments. Gas temperatures shall be measured using thermometers or other temperature
measuring systems as appropriate. Ordinary liquidin-glass thermometers are generally preferred for
ambient air measurements. Thermocouple systems
are generally preferred for measurements in ducts.
4.3
TEMPERATURE
ASME
P T C * L L 8i.I
= 0754b70
~
~~
0051300 T
FANS
Outlet traverse
piane-i2
I
l
1
Inlet traverse
plane-il
/I
"
I
Plan view
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Side Elevation
- CENTRIFUGAL FANS
24
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
W!
Not for Resale
0 7 5 b 7 0 005130L 1i
FANS
I
'
+-+-t t x
o o o o c
5
E
. .
25
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
.,
4 ;
in room
PSI =pt1
Open to
Open to atmosphere
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
I--
Gage pressure
FANS
+
Air entry
-+
Open to
Open to atmosphere
Gage pressure
in room
ps1 =pt1
FIG. 4.4
26
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
FANS
4.5
MOISTURE
4.5.1 Instruments. The moisture content of ambient air shall be measured using a psychrometer or
other humidity measuring system. A simple sling
psychrometer is generally preferred.
The moisture content of other gases shall be
measured using a condensation/desiccation sampling train or other moisture measuring system.
Stoichiometric methods can also be used in some
cases. The condensation/desiccation method is
generally preferred because it does not require fuel
sampling and analysis.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.5.4 Number of Readings. If the fan handles ambient air, the ambient air measurements shall be
made in the test vicinity a t the beginning of the test
and repeated every 15 min until the test is completed. These readings shall be used to monitor
operational steadiness and to calculate results.
Moisture measurements in other gases shall be
made at every other point using every other port
for at least one traverse plane. The samples from
any port can be mixed before measurement. Even
this requirement can be reduced to a single point
sample if the parties agree that the preliminary test
shows the distribution of moisture i s sufficiently
uniform.
4.7
4.5.5 Operation. The operation of a moisture sampling train shall conform to the Federal Register,
Vol. 42, No. 160, August 18, 1977.
4.6
PRESSURE SENSING
CAS COMPOSITION
4.6.1 Instruments. The composition of air can generally be assumed to be that of normal atmospheric
air and measurements need not be made.
The composition of other gases shall be measured by using a sampling train containing a gas
analysis system. The Orsat apparatus is generally
preferred for flue gas measurements.
27
FANS
Yawangle
Static
pressure
Null balance
pressure
GENERAL NOTE:
U-tubes are shown but inclined manometers
or other transducers can be used.
FIG. 4.5
FECHHEIMER PROBE
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASMEPTC*33
FANS
Flow
Null balance
pressure
GENERAL NOTE:
U-tubes are shown but inclined manometers
or other transducers can be used 4
d*
Velocity
pressure
Static
pressure
FIG. 4.6
FIVE-HOLE PROBE
29
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Pitch
pressure
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.7.3 Probe Calibration. All probes except Pitotstatic tubes shall be calibrated. Pitot-static tubes are
considered primary instruments and need not be
calibrated provided they are maintained in the
specified condition described in Ref. (4). The calibration procedures specified in this paragraph
apply to pressure measurement only. Calibration of
probes for direction sensing is usually carried out
simultaneously with calibration for pressure. See
Par. 4.9.3 for calibration procedures for direction
sensing.
Probe calibration may be carried out in a free
stream nozzle jet (see Fig. 4.7) or a closed wind
tunnel. In either case, the probe blockage shall be
less than 5% of the cross-sectional area. Preferably,
the probe blockage should be as small as possible.
The flow should be adjusted to produce at least
eight equally spaced calibration points.
The calibration reference may be a standard
Pitot-static tube (preferred) or a previously calibrated reference probe of another type. The blockage of the reference probe should be as small as
possible. In no case shall the blockage of the
reference probe exceed 5% of the cross-sectional
area.
The reference probe and the test probe shall
each be mounted so that they can be placed in the
stream alternately and their positions in the stream
will be the same and firmly held. When calibrating
directional probes, the probe shall be aligned with
the stream in order t o eliminate yaw according to
the null-balance principle described in Par. 4.9.5.
Static pressure indication shall be from the appropriate static pressure hole(s) of the reference
probe and test probe and not from wall taps (wind
tunnel) nor shall it be assumed equal to ambient
pressure (free jet). The test probe and reference
probe shall be connected to appropriate indicators
so that the indicated static pressure psi,indicated
total pressure pti, and their differential, the indi-
FANS
K, = (Piiltest
The probe velocity pressure coefficient i s calculated from the test data by
where
and
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
31
r____
FANS.
sented as functions of Reynolds Number for nondirectional and three-hole probes and as functions
of pitch pressure coefficient, C,, and Reynolds
Number for five-hole probes. See Par. 4.1.2 regarding calibration function.
Calibrated probes should be handled with care
because large scratches or nicks near the pressure
taps will invalidate the calibration.
4.8
PRESSURE INDICATING
4.8.4 Number of Readings, Pressure measuring
instruments shall be read at each position of the
4.8.2 Accuracy. Pressure measuringsystems including the sensor and the indicator shall have a
demonstrated accuracy of *i% of the reading or
0.01 in. wg (2.5 Pa), whichever i s larger. Readings
shall be corrected for any difference from calibration conditions in specific weight of manbmeter
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7-'
--=-.
a
A S M E PTC*LL 8 4 W O759670 0 0 5 3 3 0 9 b
ANSVASME PTC 11 -1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
4.9
YAW A N D PITCH
Sw
4.9.2 Accuracy. The yaw and pitch measuring system shall have a demonstrated accuracy of + deg.
each.
4.9.3 Calibration. A reference line shall be scribed
on the probe at the time of calibration for pressure
response. The protractor scale with which the
probe i s then equipped can be checked against any
high-quality protractor used as a reference. As
noted below, the protractor arrangement i s only
used to measure yaw.
Pitch angles are determined from a pressure
measurement obtained with a pressure indicator
connected across the fourth and fifth holes of a
five-hole probe. Calibration for pitch can be performed in a free stream nozzle jet or in a wind
tunnel, The probe shall be precision aligned at
various pitch angles and the pressure difference
across the taps for the fourth and fifth holes
recorded. The flow should be set at several values
for each position of the probe and each time the
pressure difference across the yaw taps should be
nulled.
A calibration function which represents pitch
angle as a function of pitch pressure coefficient, C,
(= pitch pressure differencehdicated velocity pressure) and Reynolds Number is derived. See'Fig. 4.8.
4.10
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ROTATIONAL SPEED
~ASME PTC*LL B Y
0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0051310 2
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
P
Lu
cl
Lu
c
'
sc
i
u)
N
c
In
8-
8-
8-
8-
In
9
s-
34
..
3;
- ASME PTC*LL 8 4
m 0757670
005L3LL 4
m
ANSVASME PTC 1 1 -1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
1980.)
Since the temperature rise through a fan is
generally not large enough to permit accurate
measurementand since heat transfer losses through
the casing are indeterminate, the heat balance
method i s not acceptable for determining fan input
power.
4.11.2 Accuracy. The input-power-measuring system shall have a demonstrated accuracy of &I%.
4.11.3 Calibration, A torque meter shall be calibrated in accordance with the provisions of
PTC 19.7.
The drive train in the context of this Code
includes the driver, whether it be electric motor or
steam turbine or other prime mover, and any
intermediate elements, such as gear boxes and
variable speed drives. The drive train may be
calibrated as a unit or the driver and any intermediate elements may be separately calibrated.
Calibration procedures as given in the following
documents shall be followed as appropriate.
ANSIAEEE 112-78 Test Procedure for Polyphase
Induction Motors and
Generators
IEEE 115-65
Test Procedure For
Synchronous Machines
IEEE 113-72
Test Code for Direct Current
Machines With Supplement
11 3A-76
4.11
ASME PTC 6s
INPUT POWER
35
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C x 3 3 Bi1
0 7 5 9 6 7 0 0053332 b D
~
~~
FANS
Instrument
Frequency of
Readings
Accuracy
Paragraph
Reference
No.
Atmospheric
pressure
Barometer
f0.05 in. Hg
+I70 Pa
15 min
PTC 19.2
4.3
Temperature
Thermometer or
thermocouple
t2.0 F
+.I.O"C
Each traverse
point
PTC 79.3
4.4
Moisture
Psychrometer or
condensation/
desiccation
Air 15 min
Gas alternate
traverse points
PTC 19.10
PTC 38
4.5
4.5
Gas analysis
Orsat or
electronic
analyzers
0.1% by volume
Alternate
traverse
points
PTC 19.10
4.6
Pressure
Manometer or
pressure indicator
Larger of
Each traverse
point
PTC 19.2
4.8
Protractor
f 2 . 0 degree
Yaw angle
f1.0% or
k 0 , I in. wg
f 2 . 5 Pa
Each traverse
...
4.9
...
...
Each traverse
point
Pitch angle
(See Pressure)
Speed
Magnetic puise
Fiber optic
or slip
Smaller of
+0.1% or i
l rpm
15 min
PTC 19.13
4.10
Power
Torque meter or
calibrated drive
*1.0%
15 min
PTC 19.7
PTC 19.6
4.11
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
point
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0759670 005L313 8 M
ANSVASME PTC 11 -1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
SECTION 5 - CALCULATIONS
5.1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
The results of the test shall be calculated in accordance with the appropriate paragraphs of this
Section and any prior agreement reached by the parties regarding computation of results. The
following paragraphs are intended to cover all possible cases but it i s not necessary to use every
paragraph for any particular case. For instance, it is not necessary to refer to the paragraphson products
of combustion if the test gas is air. Similarly, only the paragraph on computing power which
corresponds to the method of power measurement shall be used. Various other calculations may be
omitted depending on whether mass flow rate and specific energy or volume flow rate and fan total
pressure are used to express fan performance. The data to be used in the calculations are the measured
values of pressure and temperature at various planes, the fan input power measurements, various
geometric information (primarily duct areas a t measurement planes), and information used to
determine gas composition.
5.1.1 Calibration Corrections. Temporal averaging shall be performed prior to correcting for calibrations, Calibration corrections shall be applied to individual readings before spatial averaging or other
calculations.
5.1.2 Average Values. Recognizing that nonuniform velocity distribution and temperature or composition stratification are normal on large fans, the appropriate volume-flow-weighted or mass-flowweighted average values at the traverse planes must be used for determinations of fan performance
[Ref. (IO)].
5.2
Difficulties arise in employing traverse data in calculationsas these data usually must be corrected for
probe calibration and possibly for blockage and compressibility as well. The probe calibration coefficients K, and K, are generally functions of the probe Reynolds Number IRp, which i s determined by
actual gas velocity V, density p, and viscosity y a t the probe location. They are also slightly dependent
upon specific heat ratio k . As these four quantities are determined only from the measurements
themselves, an iteration procedure may be necessary. Such a procedure would be as follows.
(a) Select provisional values of Ky, Kvj and k (see Par. 5.2.1).
(b) Correct the traverse readings for calibration and, if necessary, probe blockage and compressibility (see Par. 5.2.2).
(c) Proceed with calculations.
( d ) After determining gas composition [see Par. 5.3), densities (see Par. 5.4),and velocities (see Par,
5.5.1) at all points in a traverse plane, calculate Reynolds Number (see Par. 5.2.2) at all points and
determine new values of Ktj and K,j.
(e) i f new values of Ktjand Kvjaresignificantly different from the old values, then the process must be
repeated.
The probe calibration coefficients are also afunction of pitch pressure coefficient (C,&; however, this
dependency does not affect the iteration process.
31
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
5.2.1 Guidelines for Initial Estimation of Probe Coefficient. To begin calculations, initial values of Ktj
and Kvj must be selected. The selection of an appropriate value makes the calculation procedure
converge more rapidly, often making iteration unnecessary. Followingare guidelines to help the initial
selection of K,j and Kvj.
(a) For Pitot-static probe, Kfj and Kvj = 1.0 and need not be changed.
(b) For other probes, the Ktjand KvjversusR,curvesshould be relativelyflat in the range of interest,
hence any reasonable first estimates of Ktj and Kvj should produce satisfactory results. The following
ideas are suggested.
(7) Select the values of Kfj and Kvj a t the middle of the range of calibration data, or
(2) Use an average Ky and Kvj value based on the calibration data, or
(3) Estimate IR, from specified fan conditions and use corresponding K,j and Kvj values, or
(4) Estimate IR, from a typical point in the traverse data and use the corresponding K,i and Kvj
values.
5.2.2 Correction for Probe Calibration, Probe Blockage, and/or the Effects of Compressibility.
Measured values from traverses are ti, pvi and psi or pli.The remaining pressure can be calculated from
pt; = psi t pv;.Corrected values, (subscriptj) at each point shall be obtained from the measured values,
(subscript i ) at that point and probe coefficients Ktj and Kvj using
p I]. = K IlPii
. .
(5.2-1)
(5.2-3)
Psaj= Psj + C13Pb
(5.2-4)
(5.2-5)
Tsj= Ti/(l
+ cT)
where (Ti = t i
+ C,)
(5.2-6)
C(1 - c p )
4(1 - cp)
-3
Spj
ik(F)
38
(5.2-7)
(5.2-8)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.2-2)
FANS
and
(5.2-9)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NOTE: The recovery factor of the temperature sensor is assumed to b e 0.85 [Ref. (13)].
5.3
GAS COMPOSITION
For the purposes of this Code, it i s sufficient to use a uniform gas composition and uniform values of
molecular weight, specific heats, and viscosity to characterize any particular plane. These values shall
be determined by arithmetic averaging of gas composition data and the use of arithmetic averages of
measured temperatures in the plane in question where temperatures are needed to determine the
appropriate gas properties.
5.3.1 Arithmetic Averages of Composition and Property Data. The average volume fraction of
constituent ( X ) , at plane x shall be calculated from the point value ( X ) j using
(5.3-1)
The average temperature T, at plane x (to be used only for purposes of defining gas composition and
properties) shall be calculated from the point values using
T,=-
1
n
"
ET/
(5.3-2)
5.3.2 Molecular Weight and Specific Humidity. The molecular weight of dry air i s 28.965. The
molecular weight of dry gas Md, shall be calculated from the average volume fractions (X), using
lMdg
= 44.01(C02)
(5.3-3)
M, =
1
1
18.02(1 +S)
(5.3- 4)
+ h f d g ( 1 + s)
Thespecific humiditys of moist atmosphericair can be calculated from the wet-bulbt, and dry-bulbtd
temperature measurements using
(5.3-5)
_
I
_
_
ASME P T C * I I i 8 4
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 005L3Lb 3 W
FANS
and
(5.3-6)
These equations can also be used to calculate the specific humidity of any other wet gas, provided
reliable wet-bulb and dry-bulb temperature measurements can be made. Refer to the ASME Steam
Tables for values of hf,, h,, hf, and pe. Refer to Eq. (5.3-12) for the calculation of the specific heat of the
dry gases (Cpdg).
In the event a condensation/desiccation method is used to measure moisture content, a calculation
method appropriate to the measurement method shall be used.
5.3.3 Specific Heat [Ref. (14)]. The specific heat of dry air cpairshall be computed from
cP air = C5[0.343
1.253
83.76
3.087 X I O 4
-- -+
(C3T)1/2
(C3T)
(5.3-7)
(C3TY
The specific heat of the dry gas cpdgshallbe computed from the component specific heats cpxusing
16.2 -
6.53 X I O 3
+-1.4 X I O 6
(C37I2
(C3T)
44.01
cpco2 = c5
172
1530
11.515 - - (C3T)2
(C37.1
32.0
(5.3-8)
cpo2 = c
5
9.47 -
(C3T)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
CpN2= c5
+ 1.16 X I O 6
(c3T)2
28.02
9.46 cpco =
3.47 X I O 3
c
5
3.29 X I O 3
(C37-1
(5.3-9)
(5.3-10)
+ 1.07 X I O 6
(C3TI2
28.01
(5.3-11)
(5.3-12)
The specific heat of the water vapor c
shall
H be
~ calculated
~
from
(5.3-1 3)
40
ASME
PTC*LL 84
0 7 5 7 b 7 0 005L3L7 5
FANS
- cpair l+s
l+s
c ~ H ~ O
(5.3-14)
l+s + pH20
%w =
(5.3-1 5)
5.3.4 Specific Cas Constant and Specific Heat Ratios. The specific gas constant R shall b e calculated
from t h e molecular weight
using
5.3.5 Viscosity [Ref (15)]. The viscosity of air pairshall b e calculated from
Pair = C4
IO-^
(5.3-18)
02
12.721 (C3T)3/2
x 10-~
515.04)
(5.3-19)
10.86 (C3T)32
x
(C3T 214.72)
(5.3-20)
= c4(c3r
Pco = c4
IO-^
10.75 (C3T)3/2
x 10
204.67)
(5.3-21)
Po, = c4
13.11 (C3T)3/2
(C,T 238.54)
(5.3-22)
= c4
12.03 (C3T)3/2
x
(C3T 987.4)
= c4(C3T
PH20
IO-^
(5.3-23)
pma
4 spair +
28.965s
18.02
(5.3-24)
41
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.3-1 6)
ASME
P T C * L L 84 W 0 7 5 9 6 7 0 005L3LB 7
~
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(N,)
* *
-[ -1)
- + d.18.02
18.02
sMdg
(5.3-25)
DENSITY
5.4.1 Atmospheric Air. The density of atmospheric air in the vicinity of the test shall be determined
from measurementsof dry-bulb temperature t d , wet-bulb temperature t,, and barometric pressurepb
using Fig. 5.1 or a curve fit similar to the following. The saturated vapor pressure pe and the partial
pressure pp of water vapor in air can be determined from
pe = cstW
+~
+ cBt
(5.4-1)
for air between 4OoF and 100F (5OC and 4OoC), and
(5.4-2)
The density of the atmospheric air-vapor mixture po shall be calculated using the ideal gas
relationship
Po =
CIO(Pb - 0.378Pp)
R(td
(5.4-3)
+ CI)
5.4.2 Cas Products of Combustion. The density of products of combustion pj at each point shall be
calculated from absolute pressure psa,absolute temperature sj,
and specific gas constant R using the
ideal gas relationship
(5.4-5)
5.5
FLUID VELOCITY
5.5.1 Point Velocities. The velocity Vj a t each point in a traverse plane shall be calculated from
vj = C
(5.5-1)
I 2 6
42
l
Not for Resale
W 0 7 5 7 6 7 0 005L3L7 7 W
FANS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Wet-Bulb Depression,
Air Density
FIG. 5.1
OF
- Ibrn/ft3
(Reprinted from Standard 51-75 by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.)
43
ASME
P T C * L L 84 m 0 7 5 7 6 7 0 0 0 5 3 3 2 0 5 m
FANS
5.5.2 Correction for Probe Calibration Coefficient. For each point j , calculate the probe Reynolds
Number IR, using
(5.5 -2)
Using the probe calibration, obtain new values of Ktj and Kvjat each point. Recompute ptj, K,,, psi,
psaj,pvj, and Tsj at each point using new K,j and Kvjin Eqs. (5.2-1), (5.2-2), (5.2-3), (5.2-4), (5.2-5), and
(5.2-6). Recompute velocity at each point Vj using newp, in Eq. (5.5-1). At any point at which the value
of Ktj and Kvj has been changed by more than 0.1%, it will be necessary to repeat the calculations of Pars.
5.2,5.3,5.4, and 5.5 using corrected values of measured pressures and temperatures. If no points have
Ktj and Kvj changed by more than 0.1%, calculations may proceed using the latest values of Vj,ptj,Kvj,,
Psj, pvj, and Tsj.
5.6
5.6.1 Mass Flow Rate at Plane x. The mass flow rate h, at plane x shall be calculated from
m,
= &hi),
,=1
51
c2 n
( p j q cos
*j
cos
4j)
(5.6-1)
,=I
5.6.2 Fan Mass Flow Rate. If fi1 and f i 2are both acceptable, see Par. 4.2.3.
(5.6-2)
(5.6-3)
(5.6- 4)
5.7
The averages which properly represent the mass and energy flows through the fan and reduce to the
customary one-dimensional values in the case of uniform, parallel, constant density gas motion shall be
calculated as follows [Ref. (IO)].
5.7.1 Average Static Pressure at Plane x
(5.7-1)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
j=l
C2nh,
(Vi cos
t / ~cos
~
4j)
j=l
44
A,
j=l
(5.7-2)
ASME P T C * i t L 8 4
0759670 005L32L 7
FANS
2
2
(Tsjpjycos Qj cos c $ ~ )
Tsx E
Ax
j=1
j=1
C,n m x
(5.7-3)
j =1
(5.7- 4)
- 2gc P,' e Kx A:
cix =
m,2
(5.7-5)
PW=-
PxeKx
(5.7-6)
c
1
1
+ PYX
(5.7-7)
5.8
Prax = Psx -k
c13Pb
(5.7-8)
Ptax = Ptx -k
c13Pb
(5.7-9)
(5.8-1)
45
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C * 3 3
BL( W 0 7 5 7 b 7 0 0 0 5 3 3 2 2 7
~~
FANS
E'l'qh.1
(5.8-2)
c14
TN
(5.8-3)
cl
5
5.9
(5.8- 4)
When the speed i s measured by the slip method, the stroboscope i s operated on line frequency and
the slip i s determined by measuring the period of time a single mark on the shaft 'passes a fixed
reference mark illuminated by the strobe light a set number n of times (e.g., ten times). Fan speed shall
be calculated using
120n
slip = -
(5.9-1)
tnP
synchronous s p e e d =
120
-
(5.9-2)
nP
N = (synchronous s p e e d ) - (slip)
5.10
(5.9-3)
When the mass flow rate - specific energy approach [Ref. (I)]is selected, the following calculations
shall be performed.
5.10.1 Fan Mass Flow Rate. (Refer to Par. 5.6.2.)
5.10.2 Fan Mean Density
Pm =
+ P2
2
P1
(5.10-1)
Po = -
(5.10-3)
46
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME PTC*3L
BL(
= 0759670
0053323 O W
FANS
(5.1O-4)
PO
rl=-
Pr
(5.10-5)
5.10.7 Conversion Calculations for hFand yF [Ref. (16)]. When operating conditions differ from
specified operating conditions, converted performance shall be calculated using
b=($r(z)
Kpc = 1
(5.1O-6)
- b(I - K,)
qkc
- ( k c - I)(I + b[l + K p l )
qk
- (k - 1)(1 + [I + K,])
Plc
Pmc
(5.10-7)
(5.10-8)
=K,C
(5.10-9)
(2)
2
Y, = Y,
(5.10-10)
MFcYFc
Po, = -
PIC= P/
(5.10-11)
(2)(5)
(5.10-12)
KPC
(5.10-13)
77, = f
5.11
- PRESSURE APPROACH
When the volume flow rate - pressure approach [Ref. (I)]i s selected, the following calculations
shall be performed.
5.11.1 Fan Cas Density
(5.11-1)
47
_-,-
ASME P T C m 1 1 8 4 H 0 7 5 b 7 0 0051324 .Z H
ANSI/ASME PTC 11-1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.0%
0.09
48
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
(5.I1-2)
QF=-
PF
pFL= p12-pli
P2eK2
pFv= -
(5.11-4)
(5.11-5)
CI1
(5.11-3)
(5.11- 6 )
x = - PFl
(5.11-7)
Ptal
zln(1 +x)
K, = xln(1
+z)
(5.11-8)
5.11.6 Efficiency
Fan total efficiency
r][
PO
=-
(5.I 1-1O)
p/
@
P Fl
(5.11-11)
5.11.7 Conversion Calculations for QFand pFt[Ref. (4)].W h e n actual operating conditions differ from
t h e specified operating conditions, converted performance shall b e calculated using
(5.I 1-12)
49
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.11-9)
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 005L32b b
FANS
a = In(1
+ x c ) = In(1+ x ) In(1+ z )
xc = e a - 1
(5.1 1-13)
(5.11-14)
(5.11-15)
(5.1 1-16)
Kpc = K p / K p / K p c
(5.11-17)
(5.11-18)
(5.11-19)
PFsc
(5.1 1-20)
= PFlc - PFvc
(5.11-21)
PI C -- P
rlic
/-(;(y3(:)
j
= rlti
rlsc
= vi
P Fsc
(5.11-22)
(5.11-23)
5.12
UNCERTAINTIES
Systematic U s and us and random U R and uR uncertainties shall be calculated for each of the
performance variables according t o the approach chosen for calculating the results of the test. The
systematic and random uncertainties for any particular variable can be combined using
u2 = (uR12 (us)2
or
(5.12-1, 5.12-2)
The equations listed below (some of which are derived in Appendix D)shall be applied to both
random and systematic uncertainties by substituting the appropriate individual values. The individual
values should reflect the actual circumstances. (Appendix E lists ihdividual values that generally reflect
circumstances that meet Code specifications.)
Paragraphs 5.12.1 through 5.12.11 apply to both approaches. Paragraphs 5.12.12 through 5.12.16 apply
only to the mass flow rate - specific energy approach. Paragraphs5.12.17 through 5.12.22 apply only
to the volume flow rate - pressure approach.
50
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
PFlc
ASME P T C * 3 3 BL1
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0053327 B
m
ANSI/ASME PTC 1 1 -1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
(5.12-4, 5.12-5)
(5.12-6, 5.1 2-7)
as appropriate. See Par. 5.6.2.
+ w;u:, +
(5.1 2-8)
where
m F
Wl
w2
w3
(Ih, + m2)/2
1/2
1/2
ml
(5.12-1O)
Psaj
(5.12-11)
51
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.1 2-3)
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
~~
0 7 5 9 6 7 0 0053328 T
m
FANS
tan2Gjij tan2
+
(5.12-12)
57.302
4(
wh re
eKj=
' v;cos2
+j
cos2
(5.12-13)
='I 2(3) 2(
2
u2
n2
I =1
PIX
upsj+
pvjcos2*j
I =1
PIX
(5.12-14)
(5.12-15)
2
- uFsp + u
: +
~
+ u: + u:
u'., = uFsp + u: + u;
u;, = u& + up,
upl = uFsp
for AC motors
(5.12-16)
for DC motors
(5.12-17)
(5.12-18)
for turbines
(5.12-19)
+ u:
(5.12-20)
(5.1 2-21)
52
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
L W
ANSI/ASME PTC 11 -1 984
AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
FANS
Psl)
P2(P;p2
m
Pvl
Psl
PI P s a l
+ -)
Pv2
P2
Pl(Ps2
- PSl)
2 ~ :
Psl
PSl
Psal
Pm
(y + (y I
-
u2
Pvl
upv2
53
(5.12-23)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FANS
2
+w(
, m,
--3
u)
p, + ( ~ + - ) 2 u : v 2 + ( - l ; h w3m3
;)2u;v3
2mF
YF
(5.12-24)
YF
+ u;/
(5.12-25)
5.12.16 Conversions
+ u; +
u&
+ 4u;
=
+ su; + u;
= u;, + su; + u;,
(5.12-26)
u;Fc= u;F
(5.12-27)
UiOC
(5.I 2-28)
u&
Uio
(5.12-29)
(5.12-30)
u',c = u',
(5.1 2-31)
(5.12-32)
54
r--
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
U i F C=
FANS
(5.12-33)
(5.12-34)
(5.12-35)
(5-12-36)
5.12.21 Efficiency
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.12-37)
LJGS
(5.12-38)
= UBI
5.12.22 Conversions
(5.12-39)
(5.I2-40)
u;Fvc = UPFv
+ 4 4 + u;l
55
(5.12-41)
ASME P T C m 3 3 8 4
rn 0757670 0053332 L rn
~
FANS
+ 4u; + up,
= up, + su; + up,
= u;, + su; + ug
(5.12-44)
= 2
(5.12-45)
upsc= up,
(5.12-42)
up,,
(5.12-43)
u2
Itc
UVt
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
56
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0759670 0 0 5 3 3 3 3 3
FANS
SECTION 6
6.1
- REPORT OF RESULTS
in charge of the test, and the representatives of the
various parties to the test. it should clearly identify:
(a) manufacturer
(6) type of fan(s)
(c) serial number(s)
(d) owner and location
(e) specified fan boundaries
( f ) specified fan performance
(g) specified operating conditions
A description of the system of which the fan i s a
part and any other auxiliary apparatus, the operation of which may influence the test result, shall be
included. If any modifications have been made to
the fan or to those parts of the system that would
affect fan performance which are deviations from
the original design, they shall be described in
detail.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.2
TEST REPORT
ASME P T C * 3 3
84
~~
m 0759670
0053334 5 M
FANS
6.2.7 Discussion. The results and observations obtained from the test shall be discussed. Possible
sources of errors in the test and the uncertainties of
the results shall also be discussed. Actions taken by
the person in charge of the test to remedy inconsistencies in accordance with Par. 3.10 shall be
documented here.
6.2.8 Conclusions. Any conclusions drawn from
the test results shall be simply stated or itemized.
58
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0757670 0053335 7
APPENDIX A
TYPICAL RESULTS *SUMMARY
AND DATA SHEETS
59
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME PTC*KLL
0 7 5 b 7 0 005133b
BY
~
RESULTS S U M M A R Y
Date
Test No.
Time: From
User
Fan: Function
Mfg.
to
M o d e l No.
Serial No.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
or static
Flow Rate mF
or QF0
Fan Pressure pFs0 or pFi 0
Fan Specific Energy
y,
INLET CHARACTERISTICS:
Duct Area
A,
Probe Type
No. Ports
No. Points/Port
OUTLET CHARACTERISTICS:
Duct Area
A,
Probe Type
No. Ports
No. Points/Port
RESULTS:
OPERATING CONDITIONS:
Fan Speed N
inlet Static Pressure psi
Barometric Pressure po
Dry Gas Composition by
% CO,
Volume measured at
%N,
Inlet 0 or Discharge 0 %
inlet density total O or s t a t i c 0
Specific Heat Ratio k
No. Points/Port
%O2
%
%
Specific Humidity s
% CO
%
As Measured
Flow Rate mF
or QF
Fan Pressure pFs0or pF,0
Fan Specific Energy yF
Fan Input Power PI
Fan Efficiency 11 0
vi
0 or 11,
Approved
Date
Test Supervisor:
60
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Converted to Specified
Operating Conditions
ASME PTC*33 8 4
0759b70 0 0 5 3 3 3 7 O
DATE
User
Fan: Function
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Recorded by
TIME
to
PAGE
of
Barometric Press.
Am bient Temp.
Probe No.
Additional sheets should be prepared for data on speed, input power, ambient conditions, and gas
properties. Sample data sheets appear on the following two pages.
61
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Date
Test No.
User
Time: From
Recorded by
to
62
ASME PTC*LL 84
= 0759b70
0051339 4
SAMPLE D A T A SHEET
POWER
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
SPEED
33,000
hP
*Average quantities **Power factor = cos (average phase angle)
Date
Test No.
Time: From
to
Recorded by
User
63
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
- -
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
0759b70 005L340 O
APPENQIX B
COMPUTER CODE AND
INPUT FORMS
The following computer code was originally developed under a grant from the Electrical Power
Research Institute and modified by the PTC 11 Committee. This computer code is available i n the
tape form from:
Electric Power Software Center
University Computing Company
1930 Hiline Drive
Dallas, Texas 75207
(214) 655-8883
65
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME PTC*LL
BL(
0759670 005L34L 2
eB
h
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
67
ASME PTC*KLL A4
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
12
13
14
15
16
17
16
19
20
21
22
23
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
24
25
26
27
28
29
33
31
32
3'
34
35
36
37
38
39
C
C
.-
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
PROGRAHHED BY:
K.J.
DATE:
SEPTEHEER 1983
UPDATEC BY:
S.Po
DATE:
YAY
DORSEY
IUUSPL
U.
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
OF AKRON
EABCOCK t W i L C C X
1981
UPCATEO BY:
DATE:
C*
C*
C
REAL
1
tKVJC
JC
KC
* h2
,KTJ
(KRHO
,MU
,N
MC0T
,p VCOTC
t M C O T 1 ,KDCTZ
,HOOT3
INTEGER
CHARACTER * 3
(AfJS ,TERM
tTAG*:7
COWMOIU / AVRGS
COKMON
COVMON
COMMON
CORMON
CORMOF(
lCOHMOFI
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
53
/
/
/
/
/
/
COkST
CGFiST1
CNTRL
CCISTRL
GATA1
OATAJ
'COFMON
/
GAS
C f j M M O h / PPFRY
El
52
s3
SY
55
56
57
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
'C3PMCh / PRFRM1 /
/
COt4MOh / 3 U T P E
/
COP.MON / L J F A S S
l C O V M O h / LVASSC /
C O Y M O N / OUTVP
/
58
59
70
71
C
C
C
c.
C * t ~ * 4 ~ ~ 9 ~ * * * ~ * ~ ~ 8 9 * 4 4 ~ $ * * 4 ~ 4 * 4 * $ $ * 4 ~ * 9 * 4 * 1 * ~ 4 * ~ 9 * ~ * 0 * ~ * ~ * ~ * * * * * * *
C t ~ * * 4 * 4 t t * * * * v * 4 * * * * ~ ~ * 4 * * ~ * * ~ ~ 4 4 * * * * ~ * * * * * * ~ ~ * ~ * ~ $ * * 9 * 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ *
41
67
68
69
A.Sak'eEo
40
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
C
C
C
0759670 0051343 b
YSlT
,PTX
(RhOX
:$E
;E:$
,PVX
(PSAX
9 ALPHAX
CUHMON /
/ UAR
(URR
I U T S J P ,GPVLR
UYAriR 9UPCPR ,UETAPR,U'dR
PUPTR
(UFNR
UTAUR ,UhR
/ UAS
,URS
,I;TSJS
,UPVJS
UYAk'S (UPCHS tUETAf'S*UWS
UTAUS ( U h S
IL'PTS
IclFNS
/ UMDTlR,UPSlR ,URHOlR,LiTSlR
UPTLR , U P S A l R
/ UYDTZR,UP52R , U R H 0 2 R > T S Z R
UPT2R ,OPSA22
/ UMDTlStUPS1S ,UEHOlStUTS1S
U P T ' S ,UPSP S
/ UMDf2S,UPS22 (URH02SvUTSZS
PAh
2
1
!.I
I'O N
/ YCT1R
72
73
COEMON / U h C T i l R
1
COMMON / U N C T i S
775'
'COMMON
/ UEtCTZS
68
RO
9 GC
C
VIAIR
WIMASS t I P O k '
NP
,IPR
?NT
1PB
I U
PTI
*PSI
yPVI
,TI
,YAW
I
IDPRB
PlTCt!
PTJ
:BSJ
,PVJ
rTSJ
(PSAJ
9
AREA
PRHOJ
tPITCl'J
CO2
902
SC0
,ri2
?S
RHO1
(RHO2
,EK1
,EKZ
,POW1
,POU0
9
POROC ( R P M l
,RPKC
pKC
(RHOlC p T l C
t
PTAiC
ALPHAlVALPHA2
MbOTC ( Y F C
IPOWIC rKRHCC ( E T A C
(RHOHC
9
V U E T A R (URHOKRTUPOR
UHDTFRtUYFR
9LPIR
IJMDTFStUYFS
StJPIS
( U E T A S ,URHCI"S,UPOS
UYDTCR,UYFCK
~ U k H C k , U P D T C S ~ U Y F C S(URHCCS
OFC
,PFTC
,PFVC
VPFSC
,KPC
,ETA$C 9
ETAT
VETATC ,ETAS
K
,H
,Pli
COPMCIJ / PROP
1
2
C O 14 M O N / L S Y S
1
pPTAX
(UPSJR
,UER
,UPBR
(UIR
,UPSJS
VUES
PUPBS
1UIS
,,
,UEKlR
(UPVlR
VUtKhR
(UPV2R
,UEKlS
,UPVlS
9
t
1UEKZS t U P V 2 S t
ASME P T C U L L BLJ
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
76
1
COMMO&
1
COMMON
1
COMMON
1
COMMON
1
COMYOhr
1
2
3
COMMON
1C0+4MCh
77
Ta
79
80
ai
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
a9
90
I
91
93
:i!
96
97
98
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 005L3LJ4 B
U P T i S (UPSAZS
/ U h C T J R / U M O T ~ R I U P S ~ R ,URHOZR*UTS3R VUEK3R sUPV3R
U P T 3 R pUPSA3R
/ Uh'CT3S / U M D T 3 S p U P S 3 S i U R H O 3 S t U T S 3 S t U E K 3 S r U P V 3 S t
UPT3S tUPSA5S
/ L'NCRT / UMCOT (UPX
,URHOX VUTSX
,UEKX
9UPVX
t
UPTX
,UPSX
(UPSAX
/
STDY
/ UFSMR (UFSQR (UFSYR rUFSPTR,UFSROR,UFSNR
UFSPR
/ PLNAVG / MDOT1 r M D O T 2 gMCOT3
(PSl
tPSZ
t
PS3
(PVl
,PV2
,PT2
rPSA1
9
PSAZ
pPSA3
tTS1
pTS2
(PFT
,PFS
9
PFV
: f j F F T R VUPFVR t U P F S R ,UETATRpUETASR,
/ UVOPRF! / UQFR
/ UVOPRS / U
URVOFR
QFS
( U P F T S ( U P F V S pUPFSS S U E T A T S t U E T A S S t
;Frl
1
COMtlOk / UVPCR
1
C0MMOf.i / UVPCS
92
URHOFS
/ UQFCR t U P F T C R , U P F S C R , U P F V C ! ? ~ U P I C R tUPOCR
UETACR
/ UQFCS , U P F T C S , U P F S C S g U P F V C S , U P I C S ,UPOCS
UETACS
99
1CG
i C 1
1ci
103
104
iC5
16:
106
129
11G
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
148
i%
i334
125
126
127
123
129
132
111
i1 334
CALL FTAG ( T A G )
CALL F b C S F ( * u A S C , C P ' / / T A G )
CALL F A C S F ( * a U S E A L T - : R * t * / / T A G )
OPEN(TOvFILE='ALT-PRe
pTYPE=*APRNTA*,HRECL=lZ2)
OPEN(15,FILt='LA5*UNCERT*~A~~ESS=",FOR~~*U~FC~~ATTED*~~ECL
1 ,RCUS=l,ASSOC=IRECtSTATUSOLU')
REAG l S * l ) U F S M R ~ U F S Q R ~ U F S Y ! ? ~ U F S P T R ~ U F S R O R , U F S h R ~ U F S P R
CLCSf!(15)
LiMDT3R
Ceci
IJPV3P
Z UeC
UPSA3i7 Z 2 . G
UPS3R
CeCi
C*G
URHOJR
UTS3R
z CeC
UEK3R
iIeC
UNDT3S
OeU
UPUSS
0.c
UPT3S
3eC
135
==
136
137
13d
179
140
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144
145
146
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148
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153
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Copyright ASME International
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1 5 -*
150
154
155
156
157
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159
163
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
173
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173
174
175
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177
178
179
182
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183
184
185
106
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189
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191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
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206
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
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22 3
224
225
226
227
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228
229
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231
232
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235
236
237
238
239
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242
243
244
24 5
246
247
248
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255
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0757b70 0 0 5 3 3 4 6 3
WRITE ( Z 9 5 O Z G
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321
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
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282
283
284
285
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291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
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SAVE VALUES OF P E R T I N E N T V A R I A E L E S \ A T F A N I N L E T
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--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
258
259
260
261
262
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266
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304
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309
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I
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
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321
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324
325
326
327
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329
330
331
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341
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357
358
359
360
361
362
36 3
364
365
366
528
369
373
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
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381
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392
393
394
395
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399
400
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415
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416
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420
421
422
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434
435
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439
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472
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214
215
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22 1
222
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186
181
182
182
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185
186
197
186
189
193
191
192
193
194
195
196
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224
225
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259
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266
267
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273
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275
276
277
278
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284
285
285
287
288
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R E A D A N D r l R I T E TEST P L P N E D A T A
C*****************~**0****~*~**~8*~****~***********************~*****~~
c
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75 kRITE(Z,l6L)
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
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332
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334
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336
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358
359
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367
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393
394
395
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83
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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76
77
91
92
93
94
95
c
C
C
97
98
09
1G
101
104
ii37
E2
1S8
1C9
110
111
il2
119
127
128
120
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
14
141
142
14 3
144
145
146
147
148
149
153
151
0 7 C b- 7 0 00513b9 2
M O O T ohEo
~ o 1G EKX
MCOT
Y o u
a t
- -
K E O T . t ~ f : C.C
AREAtL)
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1 ALPHAX = 2 . *
IF
M3CT * E C O 3 .
1 ALPHAX
HDCT
3.2
*
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E K X rk
))**20
( (
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+ PVX
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+ PB i(i C 1 3
PTAX
PTX
+ PE 4 C 1 3
I F ( TER!
mC3. ' N O *
d R I T E (P,. 2 3 ~ )
IF
( L .EQ.
I F ( L *EQ.
I F ( L .EGO
1 THE14
1 1 WRITE(Z,500)
2 1 kRITE(Z,5201)
3 1 WRITE(Z,53G2)
( I U . E G O 1 1 THEN
WRITE(Z,5ClC) MDOT
6 R I T 5 ( 2 , 5 C t C ) PSX
k R I T ~ ( Z , 5 0 3 ) PVX
W R I T E ( Z 1 5 L 4 0 ) PTX
WHITE(Z*SC55) TSX
U R I T E ( Z , 5 0 6 C ) RHOX
W R I T ( 2 9 5 7 p ) EKX
WRITE (z
ALPHAX
ZRITE(Z,SU9C)
PSAX
W R I T E ( Z , 5 1 C S ) PTAX
ELSE
URTTE(Z,6CPO) PSX
# H I T E ( Z 1 6 0 3 3 ) PVX
W R I T E ( Z , 6 C 4 0 1 PTX
WRITE(Z,6CSG)
TSX
k l R I T E ( Z ~ C 6 O )RHOX
WRITE(Z,C70)
EKX
k R I T E ( Z s 5 C 8 I j ) ALPHAX
U R I T E ( Z , 6 G 9 ) PSAX
b i R I T E ( Z , 6 1 3 5 ) PTAX
EEC I F
END I F
I F
,sE~G)
io2
li13
17.3
12i
122
123
124
125
126
IF
96
113
114
115
116
117
ll&
~~
e5
P.6
a7
8a
89
71
IF
IF
C
C
I F
L *EQ.
U!? I T E ( Z
IF
3 1 WRITE(Z,522b)
521C 1
L .EU.
1 .AN@.
M D O T .ECO
3.C
1 IJRITE(Z,
5200)
PETURN
C
Cu9*~**~4*4*4444$~~4***~**4*444~rp*4*~~~4~~rp~*4~4*~~~***~
C4*4*~~*4*8**844ti(i*~rp*4*~*rp~44~*~*~~~8~~~~rp~rp~8~*~$4~~rp8$4
C
5JciC F O R M A T ( Z ( 4 X , 5 C ( l H * ) / ) / 5 0 X
1 Z9HAVERAGE VALUES A T I h L E f P L 4 N E / 4 6 X 3 8 ( 1 H - 1 )
5031 FORYAT(2(4CX,5C(lH*)/)/SCX
1 3CHAVCSAGE VALUES A T O U T L t T P L A N E / 4 6 X 9 3 8 ( 1 Y - I )
50112 F O R Y A T ( ~ ( ~ C X I ~ C ( ~ H * ) / ) / ~ ~ X ~
1 34HAVERAGE VALUES AT A U X I L L I A R Y P L A E i ( 4 6 X 3 8 ( 1 H - ) )
53111 F O R M A T / 4 3 X , *MASS FLOW R A T E , 1 5 X , F 7 * 2 ,
LEP/S*t//)
6 0 1 0 F O R M A T ( / 4 3 X t ' Y A S S FLCw RATE:,15X,F7.2,*
KG/S',!/)
5 0 L U F O P Y A T ( 4 3 X v ' S T A T I C PPESSURE >14X,F7.3,:
IF.. IrG
6 2 2 5 FORMPT(43Xg * S T A T I C PRESSURE' ,lYX,F7.3,
KPA'
!'I)
5 3 3 8 F U R Y A T ( 4 3 X , * V E L ( I C I T Y PRLSSURE:,l3X,F6.3,:
IN:'6G*,//l
6 U 3 0 F O R M b T ( 4 3 X , * V E L O C I T Y PAESSU2E ,13X,F6:3
KPB',//)
5 0 4 0 FORMPT(43X9*TOTAL PRESSURE*,15X9F7.3*
fh;.
WG*t//)
6 0 4 5 FORMAT(43X,'TOTAL
PRESS$IRE*,lSX,F7:3,:
KPA*r//)
5 3 5 3 F O P M ~ T ( ~ ~ X I ' T E M P E R A T U R E,18XpF7.21
R
6050 FOR~AT(43X,*Tt~PERATURE',18X,F?o2,*
K*,//!
506C F O R Y A T ( 4 3 X , ' C ~ k S I T Y : , 2 2 X , F 7 0 5 , '
LbM/CU t T 9 / 1 1
6 0 6 0 F C Q M A T ( ~ ~ X , * D L N S I T Y1 2 2 X F7.4
KG/tU M
//I
5073 F u R M A T ( 4 3 X , * S P E C I F I C K I N f T I C i h E S G Y , 7 X , f 6 0 2 , *
FT*LB/LBM*,//)
6570 F R M A T ( 4 3 X v ' S P E C I F I C K I N E T I C E N E R G Y 0 g 7 ? 9 F 6 . 2 * J / K G ' , / / )
5 O d J FOMAT(43Xp ' K I h L T I C ENERGY C O R R FACTCH , 3 X , F f 0 5 , / / )
5 9 9 3 FOF?'AT(43X,'ADSOLUTE
S T A T I C PRESSURE ,5X,F7.3,
IN. W A ' , / / I
94
/>
,v
r-
------_
--
ASME
152
153
154
155
156
157
1E 8
159
16U
3PRT,L
P T C * L L BL(
6J9EI FORMAT
5 1 3 3 FORMAT
6130 FORMAT
5200 F O R M A T
5 2 1 0 FDRMAT
522.3 FORKAT
52311 FORMAT
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 0053370 7 W
43X,*AbSOLUTE S T A T I C PRESSURE',5XvF7.3,*
KPA*v</)
4 3 X *AL OLUTE TOTAL P R E S S U R E * , E X , F j : f r '
I N . UA
//)
43X:*AB$OLCTE T O T A L PSESSL!RE*,6X,F
KPA*,//!
I N L E T FAN
NO TRAVERSE YADE AT I N L E T ' )
S(/),lOX,*OPEK
1 H C 39Xv50(1H*)/4GX 5 0 ( 1 H * ) )
4(/!*28X,32HONLY
M A t S F L O k RATE 'rlILL @ E U S E D * 4 ( / ) )
---
END
LABSRCeOUTH
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
95
A-Copyright ASME
International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
--"-
,*
~~
ASME PTC*LL 84
~~
0 7 5 9 b 7 0 005L37L O
3
4
5
6
7
C
C
C
C
C
C
8
9
i3
11
12
13
14
PEAL
HOGT,KRH
INTEGER Z
15
COHMOEi / PRFRM
1
2
COMMON / PLNAVG
1
16
a7
18
19
23
z>
21
22
23
COFMOK / PROP
COMMON / OUTHE
CDWMON / UKASS
K-
,.-
.R
.PU
/ MDOTC ;YFC
;PWLC ,KRHOC t E T A C
,RHOKC
/ UMDTFR,UYFR
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/ UQFCR
, U P F T C R , U P F S C i ? p U P F V C R , U P I C R ,IiPOCF
COMMON / I;VPCR
..--.
^ ^
UL 1 A L K
/ UQFCS
.. - - . - - t U P F T C S , U P F S C S , U P F V C S , U P I C S
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C O P M O N 1 UVPCS
24
25
26
24
ZR
ZY
32
71
32
LitTACS
A
I
/ UAR
rURR
( U T S J R 9iJPVJR
UYANR SUPCHR *UETAHRiUW?
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33
34
1
1
COMMON / USYS
1
35
36
37
38
UTAUQ ;UNR
/ UAS
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;UPTR
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tUFI:S
(UPSJS
FUES
9
9
43
45
46
u7
46
49
53
uN
5b
57
5s
59
69
6i
5.2
65
64
65
66
67
65
97
71
72
73
74
75
RAR
SYS
AUN
ARAN
ASYS
PCUN
?CRAN
PCSYS
I F
=
=
=
=
=
=
19
WRITE
k2ITE
ELSE
WHITE
#RITE
EEiD IF
UN
RAN
SYS
AUN
AilAt;
==
==
***
**
1 ) THEN
( Z p S C l C ) #DOT,AUNiPCUh,ARAN,PCRANIASYS,PCSYS,PCSYS
(Z,5CU1)
a E C a
(Z96CGG)
(L95UUl)
MDOT~AUN,PCUN,ARAN,PCRANIASYS,PCSYSpPC.SYS
UYFR + L Y F S
UYFR 1
1
IJK
4 YF
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SGRT
SQRT
(
(
UYFS
96
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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g
44
51
52
53
54
55
rUPSJR tUPBR
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-9
43
41
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76
77
75
79
86
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r
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1cc.
!bC.
120.
si
RL
83
8s
86
67
fi6
89
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SYS
01
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9i
3
95
90
97
a
99
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PCDAN
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==
=
=
=
=
=
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UA
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(
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**
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UP I R
UP I R
UPIS
UPIS
PUXI
PCUI
POW1
1CC.
1z3
liC.
l2li
121
1c2
1C3
1C4
137
lli,
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
116
119
1 !ci
121
1 E?
123
124
125
126
127
126
173
1::':
131
'
37
178
UPOR + U P O S 1
UPCR
UPOS 1
L'k 4 PCUC
RAN
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SYS
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1LO*
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SYS
1'33.
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SGRT
SGRT
(
(
(
*
**
**
( I U .EG*
1 1 THEN
K 2 I T E ( Z > 5 2 Z C ) POWO,AUN,PCUNtARAN,PCRAR,bSYSrPCSYS
W R I T E (ZiCC21)
UN
!?AN
SYS
AUN
ASL:J
Peuh
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PCSYS
=
=
=
t UETAR + U E T A S
( UETAR
( UETAS )
SQRT
S4RT
SQRT
SYS
uri
**4
ETA
iso.
lLD.
S Y S 4 1c.
'UIRITE ( Z p S C 4 2 ) t T A * A U t < , F C U N , A R A N , P C R A N > A S Y S , F C S Y S
W R I T E (L95b.41)
Ulu
S09T ( URHOMR + URHOMS 1
RAh
= SQRT ( URHOMR
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R A 4 * RHCF
i?!:
= SYS
* RHOP
129
143
141
PAiJ
SYS
AUN
14it
145
146
147
IF
bSvS
177
133
134
135
136
=
=
==
p : j ==
PCPA:J =
PCSYS =
ur4
RAN
SYS
Auk
AR4N
1CU
1c9
14h
149
155
151
97
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1c5
1Cb
ASME PTCmLL 8 4
152
153
154
155
156
157
0 7 5 4 b 7 0 0053373 4
U R I T E (2,606
RHOM,AUN>PCUN*ARAN,PCRANIASYS,PCSYS
URITE (995CE)
END I F
:5e
159
16
161
lb2
163
164
165
166
167
162
i#
(ZilUOC)
WRITE
171
172
173
177
178
179
180
ja:
L92
183
184
UN
S G 2 T i UMLITCR + UF?CTCS 1
RAN
S Q R T ( LJMOTCG )
SYS
z SGRT ( UVDTCS
AUN
UN
9 MDOTC
ARAti
RA&
HDOTC
S Y S i) P Q C T C
ASYS
UN
4 132.
PCCN
lL2.
PCRAN = RAN
SYS
10C.
PCSYS
==
=
=
i!;
188
199
190
1Si
192
193
1Q4
195
196
197
19E
199
20d
LC 1
zc2
2C3
204
20:
L
227
20ti
zc9
210
311
3
5
214
215
216
217
218
219
22J
*
**
ELSL
#RITE
WRITE
END I F
=
=
=
UN
PAY
SYS
ALJN
PCSYS
F
I
=
ru
WRITE
- . i_
r l r-i I T E
LLSL
WRITE
'JRITE
EKD I F
Ail&
4RAFJ
ASYS
PCG!i
PCRAFI
PCSYS
221
222
223
224
225
==
=
=
=
=
( i , 6 E 3 C ) MDOTC*AUN,PCUN,AkAN,PCI7AN,ASYS,PCSYS
tZtSCLi1)
SQRT ( UYFCR + UYFCS
SQDT ( UYFCR 1
SQRT ( UYFCS
UN
YFC
SYS
130.
.EQ. i
THEN
( Z t 5 C i C ) Y F C f A U h P C U N t A R A N PCRAN ASYS PCSYS
(Zp5Cll)
( t t 6 C i C ) YFC,AUN,PCLJK,ARAh,PCRAN,ASYS,PCSYS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
i35
176
(L95G11)
UN
RAN
SYS
uh'
RAN
SYS
*4*
**
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POWIC
POCIIC
l2C.
120.
luo.
226
227
98
/-
-,
Not for Resale
-->
'
ti8
233
Eh
UN
RAN
SYS
AUN
ARAN
ASYS
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
231
23"
230
234
235
236
237
238
239
243
241
242
243
244
24 5
247
IF
=
=
=
==
IF
SORT
SCRT
SQRT
UN
RAK
SYS
Uh 4
RAN
SYS
(
(
(
*
**
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132.
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lac.
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WRITE
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ELSE
URITE
WRITE
NE I F
O Z G O 1 1 THEN
249
250
U
DAN
SYS
251
AUN
SQRT
SQRT
SCOT
UN
RAN
SYS 9
UN
24 6
248
252
ARAN
ASYS
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
$3
262
263
264
279
283
251
%Fi
284
255
286
287
206
289
293
29 1
22823
294
295
296
297
298
299
3Gil
331
3 C2
3c3
=
==
==
=
( Z i 5 C Z C ) POdOC,AUN,PCUN,ARANpPCFAN,ASYSrPCSYS
(Z95CZ1)
(2,6020) P O W O C , A U N , P C U Y , A R A N t P C R A t ~ , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(Z,SCZl)
RAh
SYS
**
*
**
UETACR
ETACR
UETP.CS
ETAC
ETAC
TAC
100.
100.
100.
(
1
1
UETACS 1
WRITE ( Z > 5 C 4 C ) E T A C s A U N , P C U N r A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
WRITE ( 2 , S C Y l )
WRITE ( Z t 5 0 5 0 )
U R I T E (2,5F-511
KRHOC
U R I T E ( Z t S C S Z ) KRHO/KRHOC
2 5c5 1
W"W1IEE( t,h 2 0 P
$22
267
268
269
270
271
272
L73
274
275
276
277
278
1 9 3 3 FORt!AT(7(/))
ZULIO F O R M A T ( 3 1 X t * P A S $ F L O L RATE / S P E C I F I C EhERGY APPROACH IU'ITH ABSOLUT
1 E U N C E R T A I N T I E S ,//!/I
ZJ10 FORMAT(4X * 3 V A K T I T Y , i C X t * U N I T S * , L 2 X , : C G M P C T E C ' t 9 X , ' T I T A L *
1,8X,'PE2CENT
9 6 x 9 * R A h t D O M ( 7 x 9 *PERCENT ,4X, * S Y S T E P A T I C
2*5X.*PERCERT*)
2 9 1 1 FOR~IAT
OTAL * 9 7X * E N C E R T
X**VALUE*,
*UNCERT* 8X
C M * t 7 X *UNkl!Rf * 9 6 X , * SYSTE
l t 7 X t *R
IC*)
2012 FOPMAT
X,*ChCERT*,ZYX,'UNCE~T*,~
*UNCERT*t//)
"O20 FORMAT
2( 32(***)9/))
5J6C FORMAT
FOR
MANCE
RESULT S CChVERTED T O * ,
1
e
/
)
*
/
2
9
X
1
*PER
*$(112
F6
CU F T I h L E T DEN S I T Y * 9 / /
2(
5 m e FORMAT (3X
1)
5 1 FORMAT ( 5 X
5 0 1 0 FOPMAT ( 3 X
6(F13.3))
5 0 1 1 FOPMAT ( 6 X
5Q2C FOSYAT ( 3 X
5 0 2 1 FORMAT ( 5 X
5030 FORMAT ( 3 X
5 3 3 1 FORMAT ( 5 X
5 5 5 0 FOPMAT ( 3 X p *CCMPRESS. *,9X,*NONE* ,FZ
1
5 3 5 1 FORMAT ( 5 X ,*CCE.*//)
540 FORMAT ( 3 X , * F A N * , l S X > * P E R * , F Z l o 4 , 4 X
5 3 4 1 FORMAT ( 3 X , * E F F I C I E N C Y * G X , ' U R I T * / /
5 3 5 2 FORMAT ( 3 X *CO,.
RATIO*!
5 3 6 3 FORMAT ( 3 X 1 'FAN MEAN' 9 1 0 x 9 *LB!'/CU
F
5 0 6 1 FOQIYAT (3X r * D E N S I T Y * r ! / )
6000 FORMAT ( 3 X @ * M A S S F L O U , 9 X , * K G / S * , F L
6012 FORMCT ( 3 X , * F A N S P E C I F ~ C ' , ~ ~ ~ ? / K G *
6L125 FORHAT ( 3 X * F A N OUTPUT ,8X,
pF23
***
99
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
'
334
3G 5
30u
3c7
306
3c9
313
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57
8
9
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11
ll
13
14
15
16
17
16
C O M M O I + / PRFRM
1
2
19
20
2
3
71
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
38
COPMQN /
COMMOh! /
COPMON /
COMMON /
/ RHO1
pHH02
(EKl
pEK2
POWOC t K P M 1
iRPMC
(KC
PTAlC
P R F R K l / ALPHA1,ALPHAZ
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1PFT
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1
i
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DIMENSION AREA ( 3 )
C41*a~gt***t*44*444*4*4~*~*~t*~~****~*4**t~4*4~4*444*4**4*44**4*****~*~
31
CALCULPTE PERFORMANCE
32
33
34
35
36
37
33
39
4iJ
41
42
43
44
45
46
117
4b
49
53
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
56
59
03
6:
Z P R T f L LASSRCoVOLPRS
101
C.
,
ASME P T C x 1 1 8 4
14
15
0757b70 0051377 1 M
PIAlL
16
17
1s
19
31
rPS2
9PSA1
9PFS
,
9
9ETASC
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--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1 7
45
46
X
KP
POW0
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f C
47
48
49
xc
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KPC
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PFTC
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5i
59
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46
ti7
68
69
73
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RHOF
( RPMC / P P F l 1
= P O Y I 9 RR HH OO ll CC // OHCF
RPMC / R P H l )**3.
PCWC
= ETAT
= E T A T PFSC / P F T C
KL
1. 1 / K C 9 P l' A l / P T A l C
H o l $ 4 RHOF
1.
L C 1 / b . L O G ( 1. + Z ) *
KC
1* I
**
*
**
RETURN
EKE
LABSRCaOUTV
102
X 4 ALOG(
( (
/ ( K -
C17 /
/ KC
1.
KPKPC
**
KPKPC
KPKPC
PTC*LL B Y
ASME
3
4
5
6
C
C
8
9
7
13
11
12
13
SUSROUTIh'E OUTV
Q F t RHOF? I U 1
COMMOK / PRFRM
1
/ RHO:
,RHOZ
,EK1
(EK2
?POW1 I P O W O
PObOC , R f . H l
(RPHC
9KC
rRhO1C ( T l C
PTAlC
/ PLhAVG / M D O T L vMUOT2 (MOOT3 ,YF
IPS1
IPS?
1
PS3
vPV1
IPb2
pPT1
,PT2
PPSAl
2
PSAZ
tPSA3
rTS1
pTSL
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VPFS
3
PFV
IKF
COFNOk / PROP
/ K
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I MU
?ETAS
tPFTC
tPFVC
tPFSC
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CUTUP
QFC
cowah
IETATC
?ETAS
E
T
A
T
1
9 RHOH
1ADOTC pYFC
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(POLIIC 9KRHCC
COHMON / CUTME
9UPFTR VUPFVR IUPFSR
UETAT R t U E T A
UUFR
C O Y M O K / UVOPR
UR PO F R
..
1
VUPFTS PUPFVS t U P F S S
UET.AT S TUETA
COMMON / UVOPR
UGFS
URHOF 5
1
pUPIH
9UETAR
URHOC R PUPOR
UMCTF RIUYFR
C O M M O N / UPACS
URHOH s, UPOS
UMDTF SvUYFS
rUPIS
9UETAS
1
U Q F C R PCIPFTCR rUPFSCR pUPFVCR U P I C R IUPOC
COE!NOIq / UVPCR
UETAC i7
UUFCS ~UPFTCS,UPFSCS,UPFVCS U P I C S VUPOC
lC*Mt+ON
/ UVPCS
UETAC S
1
2
-COMMON
17
18
19
2G
21
22
23
24
25
9
9
9
I
I
26
27
28
29
gr;
31
C
C
C
C
C***~*~*********8*$*~****4******0*4**~****4~44~******~*~~44~****4*t~~*C
C****~*g4*%***4t**444**~4~~*****~44~**~*4~~*0~**4*44**444~*4~~4*~*
14
15
16
34
33
36
37
3b
0 7 5 9 6 7 0 0051378 3 W
C
C
C
REAL
,c
KP
(MCOT1
1KPC
,%DOT2
INTEGER Z
39
43
4 1
42
43
44
45
116
47
48
49
50
51
52
ut4
RAN
SYS
AUF;
ARA14
ASYS
53
2
56
57
PCUN
5b
59
63
61
PCRAN
PCSYS
=
=
=
=
==
=
SC9T ( UCFR + G Q F S
SCRT ( LIPFR 1
S C R T ( UCFS 1
OF
UN
PAN # GF
CF
SYS
CFi
0 lC.
RAF!
lLC*
S Y S 4 1UG.
*
*
I F
U
RI E
LiRI E
ELSE
WHIT:
WRITElf0 I F
*EGm
72
UN
73
SYS
AUN
ARbN
ASYS
SURT
SuRT
SCRT
U$
RAN
SYS 0
62
03
04
65
66
67
68
69
THEN
(z,sic) ~ F , A ~ ~ , P C ~ ~ , A ~ A N , P C R A ~ ~ A S Y S ~ P C ~ Y S
(ZtSGGl)
(Z96LSC) CFIAUN,PCUN~AR~N~PCRAKIASYS?PCSYS
(L15CGl)
71
73
74
75
RA%
=
=
=
=
**
GPFTR + UPFTS 1
( uPFTK )
i UPFTS 1
PFT
PFT
PFT
I
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
76
77
78
79
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
=
=
Uk
RAN
SYS
***
1cc.
iGc.
1GO.
80
81
82
83
54
85
86
87
88
89
93
92
92
93
99
95
96
97
98
99
ELSE
YRITE
WRITE
EN@ I F
1GU
ia1
104
1c5
106
107
10s
UPFSS 1
SQRT ( U P F S R
SQRT ( UPFSR
SQRT ( U P F S S
Uh
9 PFS
RAN 9 P F S
SYS 9 P F S
UN
FAN
SYS
AUN
ARA N
ASY S
P t UN
PCR AN
P C S YS
IF
(ZtbClG) PFTpAUN,PCUN,ARAh,PCRAN,ASYS,PCSYS
(2,5011)
UN
RAN
SYS
*4
100.
Lo.
1ZG.
( I U .EQ* 1
THEN
WRITE (Z,5C201 PFSpAUN PCUN,ARAN,PCRAN,ASYS(PCSYS
Y R I T E (215121 1
PCUN,ARAN,PCRANvASYSpPCSYS
UPFVS i
li19
110
111
112
113
114
115
Asy'r;
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
ELSE
WRITE (296030) PFV~AUN,PCUN,ARAN~PCRANpASYS,PCSYS
H R I T E (Zt5C31)
EYE I F
121
122
123
i24
125
126
127
128
129
116
Uw
RAN
SYS
AUN
LrRAF!
ASYS
PCUN
PCQAN
PCSYS
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
( I U
WRITE
WRITE
ELSE
WRITE
WRITE
END I F
IF
1GC.
RAN
S Y S 4 1co.
.EC. 1 1 T H E N
(2,52501 P O W I , A U N , P C U N , A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(Z15G51)
(2,6050) P O U I , A U N p P C U N , A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(Zf5C51)
=
=
=
UPOR + tipos
UPOR 1
UPOS 1
ow0
20.
SQR
UN
SQR
RAN
SQR
SYS
ubi
AUN
= RAN
ARAN
z SYS
ASYS
UN
PcuN
N
=
RAN
PCRA
SYS
PCSY s
149
153
151
*
*
I F t I U .EC.
1 1 THEk
U R I T E (2,533C) P F V , A t i N , P C U N , A R A N f P C G A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
U R I T E (2,5C!31)
i!$
i:;
120
Hi
133
i136
=5
z S y S 8 PFV
UN
13Ca
S A N 9 100.
$YS
Ibo.
=
E-
ck'o
ok'c
oc.
so.
104
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME PTC*LL 84
0 7 5 b 7 0 0051380 L W
I F ( X U * E a . I 1 THEN
? R I T E ( Z 9 5 G 6 C 1 POiJO pAUN,PCUNyARANpPCRAN pASYS r P C S Y S
I U R I T E (ZtSC61)
152
153
154
15 5
156
157
158
159
16C
c-l
cc
LLJL
lEl
162
WHITE
WRITE
END I F
(216UGC) POUC9AUNvPCUtJvARAN,PCRAN,ASYjlPCSYSvPCSYS
(Z15t611
Ut4
RAN
SQRT
SQQT
SQRT
UN
RAN
SYS 4
Uti
RAN
SYS
SYS
AUN
ARAN
ASYS
PCL"
PCRAhi
PCSYS
163
164
i65
166
107
16%
169
17G
171
172
173
174
175
i76
177
178
179
==
==
=
=
Z
**
**
t UETATR + UETATS )
( UETATR 1
( UETATS )
ETAT
ETAT
.
ETAT
13C.
1OC.
* reo.
180
181
182
183
TE4
185
186
i87
188
le9
193
191
192
193
K R I T E (2,5380) ETAS,AUN,PCUtipARANpPCRANIASYS>PCSYS,PCSYS
YRITE ( Z ~ 5 C 8 1 )
UH
RAN
SYS
AUk
ARAN
ASYS
PCUN
PtPAt:
PCSYS
194
195
i 96
197
198
199
2cu
201
222
20 3
204
2C5
2C6
zc7
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
223
221
222
=
=
=
=
=
==
=
**
***
I F ( I U .EQ. 1 ) THEFI
W R I T E (Zp5C9E) R H O F t A U t V , P C U N r A R A N , P C R A R p A S Y S , P C S Y S
CI c r
LLJL
WRITE
END I F
WRITE
(Z9bC90) RHOF,AUNpPCUNpARANIPCRAN,ASYS,PCSYS,PCSYS
( Z 242C 1
MRITE (Z,lCGC)
YRLTE ( Z , Z C E O )
223
224
225
226
227
rlRITE (Zp2ClC)
W R I T E (Z,GIl)
U R I T E (Zp2012)
Uh
= SCRT ( UCFCR + UQFCS
RAI.!
SYS
AUN
AQAtJ
ASYS
=
=
=
=
=
SQRT
SGRT
UN
RAN
li;CFC!7 1
UGFCS 1
PFC
QFC
SYS 9 EFC
**
(
(
I05
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
228
229
23
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
236
239
240
24 1
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
%Z
257
258
259
260
26 1
262
263
264
265
266
$287
260
27u
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
276
279
z83
L84
ZR5
,786
287
288
269
290
291
292
29 3
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
3C1
305
303
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
IF
Uk
9 ~ L C O
RAN
1000
SYS
1GC.
**
( I U o E C o 1 1 THEN
W R I T E (Z,5&02) Q F C , A b N , P C U N , A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
IJRITE ( 2 9 5CCl)
ELSE
WRITE
WRITE
END I F
(2*6CCIC) Q F C , A U N t P C U N t A R A h , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(Z15Ci31)
UN
RAN
SYS
AUN
A,RAN
ASYS
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
SORT UPFTCR
SQRT ( U P F T C R
SQRT UPFTCS
UN
PFTC
RAbi 9 P F T C
PFTC
SYS
ulu 0 130.
RAN
1630
SYS
10G.
IF
UPFTCS
*
*
I U oLQ.
THEE
(Z,5C12) P F T C , A U N , P C U N , A R A N , P C R A R , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(2,5011)
CL3L
W R I T E (Zi6OlC) P F T C , A U N , P C U N , A R A N , F C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
WR T E (Z,5!211)
r
WRITE
W
RITE
er
E N D 4F
uN
RAN
SYS
AUN
ARAN
ASYS
PCUN
PCRAN
PCSYS
IF
=
=
=
=
=
==
***
( I U .EGO 1 1 THEN
1 PFSC,AUNgPCUNtARAN,PCRANtASYS,PCSYS
U R I T E (Z,5
W R I T E (Z,5Q$f)
r
i c r
LLJL
WRITE
WRITE
EN5 I F
(Z,6C2G) P F S C , A U N t P C U N t A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(Z,SC21)
UN
RAf4
SYS
f!!N
ASYS
PCUFi
PCRAN
PCSYS
I:
=
=
==
=
==
( I U
YRITE
URITE
ELSE
iRITE
WRITE
END I F
IF
url
*
**
1 1 THEN
o E Q o
( z , ~ c ~ GP )
FVC,AUN,PC~N,ARAN,PCRA~~,ASYS,PCSYS
tZ,5C31)
(Z,6C3C) P F V C , A U N , P C U N , A R A b , P C R A N p P S Y S , P C S Y S
(Zi5C31)
SQRT
AUtu
UK
d
QAX
I: SGFiT
APAN
RAN
PCUh
UiF
PCHAN
RAN
SYS
= SQRT
ASYS
SYS
SYS 4
PCSYS
=
==
=
=
**
*
*
1 UPCR + UPICS
FOWIC
UPICR 1
POWIC
1kE.
1C@o
( iJPICS
POWIC
130.
106
BLJ M 0759670 0 0 5 3 3 B 2 5
ASME PTC*KLL
I
324
5Eb
307
IFU61fE
WRITE
ELSE
rlKITE
WRITE
EfdP I F
3CB
3c-9
23 1f P2
UN
RAN
SYS
AUF,
ARPN
ASYS
PCUN
PCRbN
PCSYS
313
314
jib
317
315
319
IF
323
324
325
326
ri
==
1 THEN
POYIC, AUN PCUk, ARAN ,PCHAh ,ASYS ,PCSYS
(Z96C501 P O W I C , A U N > P C U N , A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
(295C51)
UPOCR + UPGCS
UPOCR 1
UPOCS 1
Ut4
POYOC
RAN 9 P O k O C
SYS
POLIOC
Uh:
130.
RAN
120.
SYS
1CC.
SRT
SQRT
SQRT
*
**
**
(
(
(
( IL! . E Q .
i ) THEN
WRITE (Z95C60) P O W O C , A U N , P C U N , A R A N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
kc Rr I T E ( 2 , 5 5 6 1 )
LLJL
b l R I T F (2,6060) P O k O C , A U N V P C U N , b R b N , P C R A N , A S Y S , P C S Y S
WRITE ( L t 5 G 6 1 )
EMD I F
327
325
=
==
l$)!iCkC)
(Z,5L151)
1.
UN
RAN
332
3%
2ARAN
;:
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
212
337
CSYS
PCUFi
PCRAN
PCSYS
333
339
340
341
342
343
=
=
==
=
=
S C R T ( UETACR + UETACS
S U R T ( UETACH 1
S Q R T ( UETACS )
UN
ETATC
PAh
ETATC
S Y S ic ETATC
U h 4 130.
RAN
152.
SYS
1GC.
*
*
**
344
345
346
34 7
348
34?
353
351
35.2
353
354
355
356
357
356
359
566f
362
iftl:
365
366
367
368
;,:i
369
82
375
376
377
378
379
lO!Jil FORKAT(7(/))
2320 F 3 R Y A T t 3 4 X ; ' V O L U M E
1ERTAINTIES
2 3 1 0 FORM4
1,RX,
2 5x,*
2 3 1 1 FORK$
lr7Xt
FORMA
FORMA
5 9 0 0 FORMA
1 F12
5 3 3 1 FORMA
*////I
$:$$
5:713 F O R M A
1
F12
riL.ast
5 C 2 1 F O R M A T 4 4X
5;33G F O R M A T ( 4 X
I
107
3SL
361
3ar
35;:
384
265
386
3!?7
3da
389
39 3
3'31
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
4ru
4(i&
4FL
423
4 i;4
4 c5
426
4 z7
4i.3
4G9
415
411
4lh
413
414
415
416
Yi:
419
423
108
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE C O M P U T E R OUTPUT
The following sample output is based on a four-point traverse. Obviously, no real test wil! have as
few points as this, but additional points are not necessary to illustrate the calculations and the results.
Input data and intermediate calculations, as well as final results, are given. Both actual and converted
results are shown. The results are given for both the mass flow rate - specific energy approach and
the volume flow rate - pressure approach. The same measurements were used t c obtain the results
for the two different approaches.
D
I o9
0757670 0053385 O
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0 7 5 9 6 7 0 0053394 3
APPENDIX D
DERIVATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY EQUATIONS
This Appendix deals with the propagation of uncertainties into the results. Included are derivations
for four of the uncertainty equations that appear in Par, 5.12. The other equations in Par. 5.12 can be
derived in a manner similar to one of the four examples. All of the derivations follow the approach
suggested in Ref. (2).
f i l x =Ax
--
(PjVj cos
*j
cos
4j)x
(5.6-1)
Cz n
Not all of the variables in this equation are direct test measurem
measurements by substituting for pi and
4.
(5.4-5)
vj
= CI2fE
(5.5-1)
We can also improve this analysis by adding two factors, i, an( psmJ to t..e original equation. Both the
number of pointsfactor F, and the steadiness factor F, are assumed equal to unity; therefore, they will
not change the original equation. However, they will provide a basis for evaluating the uncertainties
due to number of points and unsteadiness. Substituting for pi and Vi and adding F, and FSm gives
(D.1-1)
j=7
(D.l-2)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C x 3 3 84
= 0759670
0053396 5 W
(D.l-3)
The constants CI1, CI2, and C2 can be considered exact and, therefore, ignored in the uncertainty
analysis. It follows that
(D.l-4)
Differentiating
am
drh, =
aFn
am
+ -"dF,,
dF,
aF S ,
+ L am
mi
j=1
a
j=l
(D.1-5)
j=l
j=1
Kline and McClintock [Ref. (2)] recommended a second power equation for combining uncertainties.
(dfi,)2 =
(z
- dF, ) 2
(p
(D.l-6)
j=1
Assuming complete independence of the individual terms, the cross product terms are all zero.
Si mi I ar I y,
r h j = m,
+ m2 + . + m,
*
(d
n i j ) = (dh,)'
j=1
I22
(D.1-7)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
i=l
Hence,
(D.1-8)
Dividing by (rh,)*,
+(
( 2)2
=( !y2
Ffl
(dmj)2
j=l
(D.I
-9)
(2
j =1 mj)*
etc., where U i s the absolute uncertainty and u is the relative or per unit uncertainty i n the subscripted
quantity. It is also useful to denote the partial derivative of a result with respect to a particular variable
as the sensitivity factor 8. For example,
etc.
e.!,I. = -
for variables
in mj
avi, j
-.
I23
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME P T C * 3 3 8 4 W 0 7 5 b 7 0 0053378 7 W
~
~~
ahj
mj
aPvj
2Pvj
epvj- ---
,goj
am.
-- -tan d j m j
adj
191
S(Vi.j)
( d h j ) 2=
j=l
(D.l-1O )
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
e..=-
j=l
However,
(D.l-11)
where Ui is the uncertainty in the variable i, and where i = Aj, psi, pb, etc. It follows that
(D.1-I2)
Also that
(D.l-13)
Also
(2)+ (
+I
4 [
+
?)2
+(
32]
tan2
(D.1-14)
c
1
9
124
.
Not for Resale
Setting F, and Fsm equal to unity, rearranging, and substituting relative uncertainties where possible,
j=l
(D.1-16 )
This i s Eq. (5.12-3).
The Vi cos
terms in both the numerator and denominator are weighting factors in the
cos
averaging process. We will assume that the contributions of these weighting factors to uncertainty are
negligible and approximate Eq. (5.7-1) by
1 "
psx
-C
n
Psj
(D.2-1)
i=1
(D.2-2)
Noting that
j=l
j=l
125
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(5.7-1)
ASME P T C m 1 1 8 4 W 0 7 5 9 6 7 0 0051400 3 W
and that
(D.2-3)
Dividing by p&
(D.2-4)
Multiplying by p$/p$
(D.
2-5)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(D.
2- 6)
1 o3
+ VMdW) -
cl4
(D.3-1)
ASME PTC*LL
(y[(y2(
+
!E)2]
(D.3-3)
+ u;M + u h
(D.3-4)
Pm
(5.10-1)
Differentiating
1
dpm =
7 ( d p i + dpd
(D.4-1)
(DI4-2)
Writing in terms of uncertainties
"2
hl
"i1
+ "i2
(P1
+ P2I2
0
I27
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(D.4-3)
ASME PTC*LL 8 4
m 0759b70
0053403 9
~
APPENDIX E
ASSIGNING VALUES T O PRIMARY UNCERTAINTIES
The equations in Par. 5.12 give the uncertainties of the various results of the test in terms of the
uncertainties in the test measurements and in certain other factors. These measurement and factor
uncertainties, herein called primary uncertainties, should reflect the circumstances of the test. Some
of the Circumstances that affect the primary uncertainties are discussed in this Appendix. Typical
values of the primary uncertainties are also suggested here. Values are given for both the systematic
and the random components of the uncertainties where appropriate.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The factor F,, was introduced in Appendix D in the derivation of the uncertainty in hx.Similar
factors F,, for other performance variables X are also required. In every case, the factor itself is
assumed equal to unity and is dropped from the final equations for X and for u,. The relative
uncertainty in F,, is random, i s called u!,,, and is evaluated from the reference measurementsfor the
velocity pressure pVR,the appropriate temperature TR,and the appropriate static pressure psaR.The
evaluation is obtained as follows:
( a ) obtain averages for pVR,TR,and psaRmeasurements for each window of time;
(b) calculate hR= (psaRpVR/TR)for each window of time;
(c) calculate the mean and the standard deviation for all hR(.e., for all windows of time);
( d ) multiply the standard deviation by 2;
(e) divide by the mean; and
( f ) call the result u$$,.
Other steady operation factors are required and a similar procedure can be used. Table E I lists the
factors, the reference measurements, and the combinations required to determine u:,,. There is no
systematic uncertainty in Fsx.
E3 TEST MEASUREMENTS
Typical values for both the random and the systematic components of the uncertainties in the
various test measurements are shown in Table E2.
I29
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
TABLE E I
Facfor
Uncertainty
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
TABLE E2
_ _ _ ~ ~
~
Measurement
Ax
Random Uncertainty
Systematic Uncertainty
usAx= 0.007
uRA,= 0.007
uRR= nil
USR
= 0.002
Tsj
URTsj= 0.5OF
UsTsj= 2OF
P vj
uRp. = 0.025
USPvj
= 0.011
Psj
uRpsj= 0.015
us
= 0.011
Pb
*i
UROj = 2O
us3 = 2O
4j
UR3 = 20
US = 20
tlM
VI
URqM
= 0.001
US,M
0.001 digital
W
E
PSI
U~
E
- (0.001
URr
= 0.010
usw = 0.010
- (0.001 digital
- 0.010 analog
u~
USE
digital
0.010 analog
= 0.010
u: = 0.010
I n i l (electronic)
usp, = 0.010
= 0.010
pi
UR,>(
R,,= I count
U,, = nil
usi = I sec
~~
GENERAL NOTE:
These values should only be used if the actual circumstances support their use.
130
Copyright ASME International
Provided by IHS under license with ASME
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
= 0.010
ASME P T C * 1 1 194
0757670 0 0 5 1 4 0 4 O W
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The various random uncertainties that are listed in Table E2 are based on estimates of the
fluctuations in the measured variable during a typical fan test (excluding fluctuations due to
unsteady operation as reflected in the steady operation factor). These fluctuations are due in part to
the fact that the fan has a finite number of blades. The extent of the fluctuations will be influenced
by the damping that operates on the signal and therefore by the choice of instruments.
The various systematic uncertainties that are listed in Table E2 are based on the assumption that
instruments will be selected for the test in accordance with the specifications in this Code. The
values shown are based on estimates of the residual uncertainty after calibration, on estimates of the
effects of temperature and other changes not included in the calibration, and on estimates of
operator bias.
APPENDIX F
REFERENCES
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(IGerhart,
)
P., Jorgensen, R., and Kroll, J., A Comparison of Two Alternative Methods for
Defining Fan Performance, journal of Engineering for Power, January 1982.
(2) Kline, S . J . and McClintock, F. A., Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample Experiments,
Mechanical Engineering, January 1953.
(3) I S 0 Standard 5168, Measurement of Fluid Flow-Estimation of Uncertainty of a Flow-Rate
Measurement.
(4) ASHRAE Standard 51-75/AMCA Standard 210-74, Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for
Rating.
(5) Brown, N,, A Mathematical Evaluation of Pitot Tube Traverse Methods, ASHRAE Paper 2325,
1975.
(6) Draft Proposal for an I S 0 Standard: Measurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits by the
Velocity Area Method Using Pitot-static Tubes, ISO/TC-30/SC-3, February 1974.
(7) Particulate Sampling Strategies for Large Power Plants Including Non-uniform Flow, EPA
Report PB-257-090, June 1976.
(8) Cerhart, P., Nuspl, S . , Wood, C., and Lovejoy, S., An Evaluation of Velocity Probes for
Measuring Non-uniform Gas Flow in Large Ducts, journal o f Engineering for Power, October
1979.
(9) Gerhart, P. M. and Dorsey, M. J., Investigation of Field Test Procedures for Large Fans, EPRI
Report CS 1651, December 1980.
(IO) Gerhart, P. M., Averaging Methods for Determining the Performance of Large Fans from Field
Measurements, journal of Engineering for Power, April 1981.
(11) Wyler, J. S., Probe Blockage Effects in Free Jetsand Closed Tunnels, journal of Engineering for
Power, October 1975.
(12) Benedict, R. P., Fundamentals o f Temperature, Pressure, and Flow Measurements, 2nd Edition,
Wiley-lnterscience, 1977, pp. 356-359.
(13) Dean, R. C., ed., Aerodynamic Measurements, M I T Cas Turbine Lab Report, 1953.
(14) Obert, E., and Caggoli, R., Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1963.
(15) Perry and Chilton, ChemicalEngineersHandbook, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973,
pp. 3-248.
(16) Compressibility Effects for Industrial Fans, ISO/TC 117/SC-1, January 1982,
(17) AMCA Publication 201, Fans and Systems.
(18) Clarke, M. S., The Implementation and Analysis of a PTC 11 Test Program, 1982 AMCA
Engineering Conference.
(19) Yost, John G., Field Performance Testing of Large Power Plant Fans, MSME Thesis, University
of Akron, Akron, Ohio.
133
Copyright ASME International
- under license with ASME
Provided by i
IHS
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
\.
. .... :
I . .
' 1
I'
1
CO5284
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---