Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
bridge projects
Lars Jensen
Project Director
Design of major bridges
Suspension bridges
Arch bridges
Highway bridges
Railway bridges
Dynamics:
Wind engineering
Railway dynamics (runability)
Seismic design
Vibration control (damping systems)
Structural health monitoring systems
Detailed design
Bridge deck
cross sections
Yemen-Djibouti, 2008
Sketch design
4 x 2700 m main spans
Road and rail traffic
Basic design
460 m main span
Road and rail traffic
Two separate parallel concrete girders
Common pylon for both decks
Construction management
1088 m main span
Road bridge
General
Major infrastructure project in
Turkey. New highway from Gebze
to Izmir.
Approx. $11 billion construction
cost bridge $1.2 billion
Site location approx. 50
kilometers East of Istanbul
BOT project
Project Organisation
Owner:
Employer:
Bridge contractor:
IHI, Japan
Bridge designer:
COWI
COWI
General layout
General layout
Bridge deck
Main cables
Sag-to-span-ratio 1:9
Prefabricated strands
781 mm diameter
Towers
Steel towers / low weight /
increased flexibility / reduced weight
/ fast construction
Seismic load combinations and
normal ULS combinations are more
or less equal in governing the tower
design
Constructed by prefabricated
elements 22 blocks
Horizontal joints by combined
welding and bolting
Towers
Tower foundations
Tectonic
environment
Service
Performance
Level
Damage
Performance
Level
Functional
Evaluation
Earthquake (FEE)
150 years
(50% in 100 years)
Immediate Access
No
Damage
Safety
Evaluation
Earthquake (SEE)
1000 years
(10% in 100 years)
Limited Access
Repairable
Damage
No Collapse
Earthquake (NCE)
2500 years
(4% in 1000 years)
Seismic Event
2.5
North_A nchorage_1000yrs
5 %Dampi ng
North_A nchorage_2500yrs
Kocaeli-IZT090
Kocaeli-IZT180
Kocaeli-GBZ000
Kocaeli-GBZ270
1.5
Duzce-531-E
Duzce-531-N
Median+1sigma (1999-Duzce & 1999-Kocaeli
Recordings)
Median (1999-Duzce & 1999-Kocaeli
Recordings)
0.5
0
0.01
0.1
1
Period (s)
10
Level of bedrock
1.4
1.6
EQ No: 1
EQ No: 1
EQ No: 2
EQ No: 2
EQ No: 3
1.2
1.4
EQ No: 3
EQ No: 4
EQ No: 4
EQ No: 5
EQ No: 6
EQ No: 7
EQ No: 5
1.2
EQ No: 6
Mean
Mean+Std Dev
0.8
0.6
EQ No: 7
1
Mean
Mean+Std Dev
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
Period (s)
10
Period (s)
10
Basis of analyses:
7 sets of earthquake time histories at each of the 4 foundations,
for each of the 3 design earthquake return periods (FEE, SEE, NCE),
each comprising 3 components (2 horizontal and 1 vertical),
in total 252 very time consuming excessive amount of output
TH illustration
Tower
Transient (max)
Permanent
SEE
NCE
SEE
NCE
Longitudinal
North
South
0.20
0.45
0.45
0.87
0.06
0.08
0.21
0.28
Transverse
North
South
0.14
0.24
0.27
0.40
0.05
0.03
0.12
0.07