ANALISA PERBANDINGAN METODE FILTER SRME DAN

FILTER RADON UNTUK DATA SEISMIK LAUT DANGKAL,

STUDI KASUS: LAUT MADURA

By: Nadia Corinna Raissa

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION
BASIC THEORIES
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
Background
Purpose of the work:
To result the subsurface marine seismic section with
sign of multiple reduction using SRME and radon filter
before the interpretation level.
To acknowledge the difference between SRME and
radon filter in multiple reduction of seismic shallow water
data and to understand which one is better in this case.

A FEW CALCULATIONS FOR GEOMETRY

TARGET

To put the trace of seismic data at the right position and elevation

NEAR TRACE
GROUP 1 / TRACE 1

FAR TRACE
GROUP n

GROUP
INTERVAL

Source
NEAR TRACE
OFFSET
(NTO)

Total active streamer length

(centre near group-------------------------------------centre far group)

FAR TRACE OFFSET (FTO)

((Number of groups -1) x Group interval) + Near Trace Offset
Number of fold = (Number of Channel / 2) x (Channel Interval / Shot Point Interval)
Number of shot = SP EOL (End of Line) SP SOL (Start of Line) 1 (to calculate interval)
Streamer Azimuth 138 + 180 = 318
Streamer length
Number of channel
Channel interval
Shot point interval
SP EOL

=
=
=
=
=

4050 meter
324
12.5 meter
25 meter
1001

Number of fold
Number of shot
Sampling interval
Length of records
SP SOL

=
=
=
=
=

81
623
2 milliseconds
7 milliseconds
1623

Amplitude Correction

Influenced factors of seismic amplitude:

Source Power
Spherical Divergence
Variation of reflection coefficient to offset and incident angle
Attenuation and Absorption
Multiple
Diffraction
Interference and Superposition
Geophone Sensitivity
Instrument Balance

TAR (True Amplitude Recovery)

Steps in seismic processing to compensate for

attenuation, spherical divergence and other effects
by adjusting the amplitude of the data.
TARGET

Recover decreasing amplitude due to the bellow factors

during seismic waves travel through the earth

Simply said as:

A Tool to Recover The Amplitude

Noises on 2D Marine Data

Direct wave

Low frequency
Noise
Unmigrated
reflector

Multiples

Diffraction

Noise Attenuation

DECONVOLUTION
Spiking/Predictive Decon

Dekonvolusi adalah suatu proses untuk menghilangkan wavelet seismik sehingga yang tersisa
hanya estimasi dari reflektifitas lapisan bumi atau dengan kata lain adalah suatu proses untuk
meniadakan konvolusi

Metoda Decon

RECORDED
SEISMIC TRACE
WAVELET

Deterministik

Statistik

Spiking Decon

Predictive Decon

Filter Wiener

Predictive Filter

MULTIPLES
Various Type of Multiples

Water-bottom multiples
S
R
S
R

Free-surface multiples
S
R
S

Peg-leg multiples
S
R

Peg-leg multiples
S
R

Intrabed multiples
R
S
R

Interbed multiples
R
S
R

VELOCITY ANALYSIS
TARGET

The main purpose of velocity analysis is to get the optimum seismic

velocity for each layer. Velocity in seismic processing is very important because
focusing of seismic subsurface imaging is depend on this parameter
Near
Trace

Cable

Far
Trace

Layer of rock
With interval
velocity= Vi

Raw
uncorrected

2264 m/s
velocity correct

2000 m/s

2500 m/s

Overcorrected

Undercorrected

velocity too slow

velocity too fast

VELOCITY ANALYSIS

Beberapa pengertian kecepatan di dalam istilah seismik

Kecepatan sesaat V (instantaneous velocity)
adalah laju gelombang yang merambat melalui satu titik dan
diukur pada arah rambatan gelombang, ditulis sebagai
z dz
V lim

t 0 t
dt
Kecepatan interval Vi (interval velocity)
adalah laju rata-rata antara dua titik yang diukur tegak lurus
terhadap kecepatan lapisan yang dianggap sejajar, ditulis
Vi

z
t

atau menurut rumusan Dix,

Vn2 t n Vn21t n 1
2
Vi
t n t n 1
Kecepatan semu Va (apparent velocity)
adalah laju gelombang yang merambat sepanjang bentang
perekaman, misal pada sistem lapisan miring (), maka
V1
Va
sin c

c = sudut kritis

V1 = kecepatan sebenarnya

Kecepatan rata-rata
adalah perbandingan jarak vertikal zf terhadap waktu
perambatan gelombang tf yang menjalar dari sumber ke
kedalaman tersebut, ditulis
f V f t f f z f
V

t f t f
f

Kecepatan RMS
adalah kecepatan total dari sistem perlapisan horisontal dalam
bentuk akar kuadrat pukul rata. Apabila waktu rambat vertikal
t1, t2, , tn dan kecepatan masing-masing lapisan V1,
V2, , Vn, maka kecepatan rms-nya untuk n lapisan adalah
n

Vrms

V
k 1

2
k

t k

Kecepatan stacking (stacking velocity atau VNMO)

adalah nilai kecepatan empiris yang memenuhi dengan tepat
hubungan antara Tx dengan To pada persamaan NMO,
2

T T
V
NMO velocity)
Kecepatan migrasi (migration
2
x

2
o

adalah nilai kecepatan empiris yang memberikan hasil terbaik

ketika digunakan dalam perhitungan migrasi.

MULTIPLE SUPPRESSION
(RADON FILTER)
TARGET

To remove the water bottom multiple from seismic data

especially for marine data at the p domain

Radon Filter is most commonly used for suppression of multiples.

RADON FILTER

P=0

+p

B
C

Hyperbola in T-X
map to ellipses in
-p

Linear events in TX map to single

points in - p
Plane wave

= t - px
Tau represents intercept time at zero offset. P represents dip. The larger the dip of an event
in the X-T domain the higher its P value in the TAU-P domain. Flat events (our primaries)
appear around P=0 in the Tau-P domain

SRME
TARGET

To remove the multiple energy including those energies that

techniques such as radon and Tau-P fail to address

SRME is a powerful demultiple

tool because it
requires no
velocity information, we are able
to use SRME with onboard
processing, and prior to radon
demultiple, to help improve
preliminary velocity analysis.
Its ability to handle all of the
energy generated from the free
surface allows us to remove even
the most complex diffraction
multiples with SRME, and an
iterative scheme permits its use in
shallow and deep water settings.

Stack Principal

OFFSET

deconvolution

migration

TIME

CMP (X,Y)

MIGRATION

Migration Principal

Migrasi Antiklin
Before

After

Migrasi Sinklin
Before

After

MIGRATION

Which Migration to use?

METHODOLOGY

Modul Radon

Radon Picking Multiple (before interactive radon analysis)

Radon Picking Multiple (after interactive radon analysis)

Data Shot Gather

Koreksi NMO preprocessing

Koreksi NMO filter radon

Modul SRME

Near Match Filter

Middle Match Filter

Far Match Filter

Semblance Velocity Analysis

Preprocessing

Radon

SRME

Stack Preprocessing

Stack Radon

Stack SRME

Stack Radon dan SRME

CONCLUSION
Pada data seismik laut dangkal ini, metode filter radon
lebih menunjukkan reduksi multipel yang lebih signifikan
dibandingkan dengan metode SRME.
Pada pengolahannya, metode radon lebih praktis
daripada metode SRME.
Filter radon lebih baik dalam menghilangkan multipel
pada far offset, sedangkan SRME pada near offset.

THANK YOU

Q & A SESSION