UNIT 1: The Rules of the Game

Collocations
Collocations are the words that are often found together in a
language. It can help your English sound natural. It can be 2
words or whole sentence.
EXP: why cant you just what do you think of that
sounds fun
Question Tags
If the first part of the sentence is positive, the question tag
is generally negative & also the opposite. Sure: Falling & not
sure: Rising intonation.
EXP: Youre French, arent you?
UNIT 2: Look to the Future
Conditional Sentence
Zero Conditional: When we are certain about something.
EXP: If you do nothing, you get bored, if you dont eat,
you get hungry
First Conditional: When we think will probably happen.
EXP: If I win a lot of money, Ill stop work, If it rains, Ill
stay at home
Conjunctions
We use so and because to say why something happens.
EXP: She was hungry, so she had a banana
We use and when we introduce something extra.
EXP: Were going to aris and were going to visit the
Tuileries
We use but when we introduce a contrast or something
different
EXP: I dont like cold weather, but I love skiing
We use until to mean up to a particular time.
EXP: We dont leave work until the boss goes home
Future Forms
Plans
We use the present continuous when we have made
arrangements or have an appointment in the future that we
are sure will happen.
EXP: Im flying to India on 11 November
We use going to when we made a plan to do something,
intend to do it, or we have made a decision to do it.

EXP: Im going to visit India this summer

We use will when we make a quick decision to do
something.
EXP: Theres the doorbell. Ill get it.
Predictions
Use will, I believe and I think to make predictions
EXP: One day ppl ll travel in space I believe itll be sunny
tomorrow
UNIT 3: Interview Time
Asking Polite Questions
Polite by using phrase such as: Can you tell me? Id like to
know... Could you tell me? I wonder if you could tell
me
Ask a question without using the interrogative: I wonder if
you could tell me why you want to change your job.
Useful phrase when answering questions: Thats a very
interesting question, I have no Idea, Im afraid, Let me
see, I think
Asking For and Giving Permission
Ask for permission using may, can and will
EXP: May I call you at home? Can I borrow your car?
Ask indirect questions using Is it OK if? and Would it be
all right if?
EXP: Would it be OOK if I leave now?, Is it OK if I take the
Bentley?
Give permission using Can, Will, OK, and other
expressions.
EXP: Itll be OK for you to leave at, You have my
permission to
Indirect Questions
Is polite way of asking questions? Starting the question with:
EXP: Can you tell me, I wonder if. Id like to
know Would you mind telling me?
Thats order the same as in a normal sentence what do you
do?
If no question word (a yes or no question) we use if or
whether
EXP: Do you like fish?; Can you tell me if you like fish?
UNIT 4: Experiences

Simple Past: The ways to talk about the past

Adding ed or using irregular verb table: watched or
made
Choose expression that refer to finished the time
I saw David Yesterday She was here last week, wasnt
she?
I have finished has the post arrived?
She has eaten all the peanut butter Have you seen the
newspaper?
Present Perfect: Dont know when something happen
With never, ever, already or yet, with expression which
refers to any time up to now: today, this week or so far this
year.
EXP: I havent seen Fiona, They havent swimming this
week,
Shes been here before, hasnt he?
Been and Gone
Usebeen to Say someone has visited a place and has
come back.
EXP: Helen has been to Amazon (she went and come
back).
Use Gone to say that someone has visited a place and
hasnt come back.
EXP: She has gone to the Amazon (she went but hasnt
come back).
Strong and Weak Form of Auxiliary Verbs
Most auxiliary verbs have a strong and a weak
pronunciation, such as:
EXP: Have, has, does, do, can.
UNIT 5: TV and Media
Verbs Followed By Gerunds and Infinitives
The following verbs are followed by a gerund (base form +
ing): consider, enjoy, practice, talk about, discuss, finish,
quit, and think about.
The following verbs are followed by a infinitive (to + base
form): afford, need, promise, want, decide, plan, seem.
The following verbs are followed by a gerund or infinitive:
begin, forget, like, start, continue, hate, prefer.

EXP: It began snowing at 4.30 and It began to snow at

4.30
In some case, the gerund or infinitive change the meaning
of the sentence.
An infinitive is used to talk about a future action.
A gerund is used to talk about a habitual action or an
activity.
EXP: He forgot planning a trip took so long and did you
forgot to do your homework?
Go + Gerund
GO is followed by a gerund in many expressions about
activities. EXP:
We went shopping yesterday, Dave goes camping every
summer, and Did you go dancing with Ben or Mark?
UNIT 6: Occupation
Comparative Adverb
Use adjective to describe people or things
EXP: He is a quick learner. She is a bad singer.
Use adverb to describe how someone / something does in
action
EXP: Correct correctly, careful carefully.
When Adj ends in -y we change the -y to -I and add -ly.
EXP: Happy Happily, Easy Easily.
When the Adj ends with -ble we change -le to -ly.
EXP: Comfortable comfortably, capable capably.
Some adverbs are irregular & dont end in -ly
EXP: good well, fast fast, hard hard.
We form the comparative or regular adverb with more
EXP: slowly more slowly, easily more easily.
Irregular adverbs have irregular comparatives: well
better.
EXP: Hes a good driver. He drives well. he drives better
than her.
The Question Tags with DO
When theres no auxiliary or modal in the sentence, we use
do in the question tag. EXP: You like your work, dont you?
When we use do to make the sentence negative, we also
use do in the question tag. EXP: You dont eat much do
you?

Remember: When the sentence is positive, the Q.Tag usually

negative.
UNIT 7: Great Escapes
Simple Past and Past Continous
Simple past: completed actions that happened in a
particular time in past. EXP: I visited my grandmother last
Friday.
Past Continuous: Actions which had begun but not finished
at a particular time in the past. EXP: Last month I was
reading a mystery book
WHEN and WHILE
It use for the simple past and past continuous form. When
before the simple past: I was driving to work when a bus hit
my car. While before the past continuous: While I was
driving to work, a bus hit my car or While I was talking,
the baby was crying.
UNIT 8: How Lucky Are You?
Zero and First Contionals

Zero Conditional: If + S + simple present, S + simple

present
S + simple present + if + S + simple present
First Conditional: If + S + simple present, S + will + verb
S + will + verb + if + S + simple present.
Past Continous
Use the past continous and the simple past in one sentence
to show an interruption. use When on past event, and
While on past continous event. PAST CONTINOUS: S +
past be + ing form.
Present Perfect
to describe the indefinite past. use it when we dont know
when something happened or when isnt important.
S + have / has + past participle.
Q: Have / Has _+ S + past participle?
Have / Has + (not) + S + ever + past participle?
S + have / has + never + past participle.
Gerunds & Infinitives
Gerund: EXP: Smoking is bad for your health. (with ing)
Infinitives: EXP: He wants to help, its good not to smoke.
(With -to)