Information Technology Products and Systems

ENERGYMANAGEMENT

PRODUCTIONSMANAGEMENT

INFRASTRUCTUREMANAGEMENT

CRP Training Rejith Varghese

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrical Systems

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How Electricity is Used

Electricity Key Diagram

There are 3 main stages in the delivery of electric power:

Power Generation
Power Transmission
Power Distribution
Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Electric Infrastructure comprises of

Generation, Transmission and Distribution Systems

Power generation plants are facilities designed to produce electrical energy. Power generation plants are
fueled by coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass.
Transmission systems carry electrical energy from generating power plants to electrical substations.
Transmission lines are operated at relatively high voltages, they transmit large quantities of power, and they
transmit power over large distances.
Distribution systems carry electrical energy from transmission system to individual consumers.

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Transmission/Distribution System Voltages are

Malaysia TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) Systems

Power Transmission 500kV, 275kV, 132kV
Power Distribution 33kV, 22kV (comparatively less), 11kV, 6.6kV (comparatively less), 400V

Middle East Electricity Systems (DEWA, OETC, BEWC, SEC)

Power Transmission 380/400kV, 220kV, 132/115/110kV
Power Distribution 33kV, 22kV, 13.8/11kV, 400V

Power Grid of India (PGCIL) Transmission & State Electricity Distribution Systems
Power Transmission 765kV, 400kV, 220kV, 132kV (also called sub-transmission)
Power Distribution 66kV, 33kV, 11kV, 415V

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Coal-fired Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Nuclear Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Hydroelectric Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Natural Gas Powered Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Geothermal Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Solar Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Wind Farm

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Biomass Power Plant

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Substations are Classified into

Substation
A substation is a high-voltage electric system facility which is used to
switch generators, equipment, and circuits or lines in and out of a system.

AIS and GIS

Substations are mainly classified into two:
Air Insulated Substations (AIS)
Gas Insulated Substations (GIS)

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Air Insulated Substation

Air Insulated Substations have

the busbar and equipment
terminations generally open to
air and utilises insulation
properties of air for insulation
to ground. In AIS, we use air
between phase to ground and
phase to phase installation.

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Air Insulated Substation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Air Insulated Substation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Gas Insulated Substation

Gas insulated substations have all live equipment and busbars housed in grounded metal which is sealed and placed
inside a chamber filled with gas. The gas used is SF6 which has superior dielectric properties.

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Gas Insulated Substation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Gas Insulated Substation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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Power Distribution
Distribution Substation

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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How Electricity reaches your home

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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HVDC
High Voltage Direct Current System (HVDC)
In a HVDC system, the electrons flow only in one direction.
DC is more efficient when transmitting large amounts of
power over long distances.
But AC is still the standard for main electric power.

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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PSI Drawing References for TNB

TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) Standards

PSI Standard Drawing Number

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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THANK YOU

Chapter 1- Introduction to Electrical Systems

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