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NAME
NIM
CLASS
: MILDA WATI
: 1201234
: REGULER - C
I.
INTRODUCTION
A. WHAT IS THE ING FORM CONSTRUCTION
The Ing Form Contruction is the form of an English verb ending in
-ing, which can function as a noun, as an adjective, and in the formation of
progressive tenses. See also Participle and Gerund.
A Participle is a form of a verb which is used in a sentence to modify a
noun or noun phrase, and thus plays a role similar to that of an adjective or
adverb.
A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term
verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a
verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a
gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a
noun ordinarily would, for example: subject, direct object, subject
complement, and object of preposition.
II.
CONTENT
A. TRANSLATING PRESENT PARTICIPLE
The present participle of most verbs has the form base+ing and is used
in the following ways:
1. As part of the continuous form of a verb
(See continuous tenses in VERB TENSES)
Example:
I am working (Saya sedang bekerja)
He was singing (Ia sedang menyanyi)
They have been walking (Mereka sedang berjalan)
2. After verbs of movement/position in the pattern: verb + present participle
Example :
She went shopping (Ia pergi berbelanja)
He lay looking up at the clouds
She came running towards me (Ia datang berlari menghampiriku)
This construction is particularly useful with the verb 'to go', as in these
common expressions :
to go shopping, to go fishing, to go surfing, to go walking, to go
swimming, to go running, to go dancing, etc.
3. After verbs of perception in the pattern:
verb + object + present participle
Example :
I heard someone singing. (Saya mendengar seseorang bernyanyi)
He saw his friend walking along the road. (Ia melihat temannya
terbakar)
NOTE: There is a difference in meaning when such a sentence contains a
zero-infinitiverather than a participle. The infinitive refers to a complete
action, but the participle refers to an incomplete action, or part of an
action.
Compare:
I heard Joanna singing (= she had started before I heard her, and
probably went on afterwards)
I heard Joanna sing (= I heard her complete performance)
4. As an adjective
Example :
It was an amazing film. (Itu film yang luar biasa)
It's a bit worrying when the police stop you.
Dark billowing clouds often precede a storm.
Racing cars can go as fast as 400kph.
He was trapped inside the burning house.
Many of his paintings depict the setting sun.
5. With the verbs spend and waste, in the pattern:
verb + time/money expression + present participle
Example :
My boss spends two hours a day travelling to work.
Don't waste time playing computer games!
They've spent the whole day shopping.
6. With the verbs catch and find, in the pattern:
verb + object + present participle:
With catch, the participle always refers to an action which causes
annoyance or anger:
If I catch you stealing my apples again, there'll be trouble!
Don't let him catch you reading his letters.
This is not the case with find, which is unemotional:
We found some money lying on the ground.
They found their mother sitting in the garden.
7. To replace a sentence or part of a sentence:
When two actions occur at the same time, and are done by the same
person or thing, we can use a present participle to describe one of them:
They went out into the snow. They laughed as they went. They went
When one action follows very quickly after another done by the same
person or thing, we can express the first action with a present participle:
He put on his coat and left the house. Putting on his coat, he left the
house.
She dropped the gun and put her hands in the air. Dropping the gun,
B. TRANSLATING GERUND
1. Gerund as subject:
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is
the gerund)
Solving problems is satisfying. (Solving is the gerund)
III.
CONCLUSION
A. PRESENT PARTICIPLE
B. GERUND
A gerund is a verbal ending in -ing that is used as a noun.