Beruflich Dokumente
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Building Code
Structural -- Chapters 16
through 18
Larry Swaziek
Program Manager, Structural Systems
608/267-7701 voice
608/264-8795 fax
lswaziek@commerce.state.wi.us e-mail
STRUCTURALLY RELATED
IBC CHAPTERS
2006 IBC
CORE CHAPTERS
16 STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
17 STRUCTURAL TESTS AND SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
18 SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
19 CONCRETE
20 ALUMINUM
21 MASONRY
22 STEEL
23 WOOD
24 GLASS AND GLAZING
25 GYPSUM BOARD LATH AND PLASTER
2006 IBC
ANCILLARY CHAPTERS
14 EXTERIOR WALLS
15 ROOF ASSEMBLIES AND ROOFTOP
STRUCTURES
26 -- PLASTIC
31 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION
Membrane, temporary and pedestrian access
structures, awnings and canopies, marquees,
signs, radio and television towers, and
swimming pool enclosures
35 REFERENCED STANDARDS
IBC Chapter 16
STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
IBC Chapter 16
General Design Requirements (IBC Section 1604)
General Design Methods (IBC 1604.1)
Strength Design
Load and Resistance Factor Design [LRFD]
Allowable Stress Design [ASD]
Empirical Design
Conventional Construction
7
IBC Chapter 16
General Design Requirements (contd)
IBC Chapter 16
General Design Requirements (contd)
2000 IBC
Importance Factors (IBC 1604.5)
Snow, Wind, Seismic
2006 IBC
Occupancy Categories (IBC 1604.5)
Importance factors may be found in
snow, wind and seismic design sections.
9
IBC Chapter 16
General Design Requirements (contd)
Anchorage (IBC 1604.8)
z
General
Decks
10
IBC Chapter 16
Load Combinations (IBC Section 1605)
Basic for Strength or LFRD Design
1.4(D + F)
(Formula 16-1)
1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) +
0.5(Lr or S or R)
(Formula 16-2)
11
(Formula 16-7)
IBC Chapter 16
Load Combinations (Contd)
Basic for ASD
D+F
(Formula 16-8)
D+H+F+L+T
(Formula 16-9)
D + H + F + (Lr or S or R)
(Formula 16-10)
D + H + 0.75(L + T) +
0.75(Lr or S or R)
(Formula 16-11)
D + H + F + (W or 0.7E)
(Formula 16-12)
D + H + F + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L +
(Formula 16-13)
0.75(Lr or S or R)
0.6D + W + H
(Formula 16-14)
0.6D + 0.7E + H
(Formula 16-15)
12
IBC Chapter 16
13
IBC Chapter 16
14
IBC Chapter 16
15
Uniform Load
Load over
2.5 ft. sq.
Concentrated Load
- most critical location
17
18
IBC Chapter 16
Reduction in live loads (IBC 1607.9)
Standard
Alternate
19
20
21
22
23
24
IBC Chapter 16
25
IBC Chapter 16
Roof Loads, Lr (IBC Section 1607.11)
Lr = LoR1R2
Equation 16-27
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads, S [IBC Section 1608 & Section 7 of ASCE 7 98/05]
pf = 0.7 Ce Ct I pg
27
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads [ IBC Section 1608 & ASCE 7 98/05]
Ground-to-Roof Conversion Factor = 0.7
IBC Chapter 16
IBC Ground Snow Load
IBC Figure 1608.2 (ASCE 7-98/05 Fig. 7-1)
29
IBC Chapter 16
Ground Snow Load - Wisconsinism
Wisconsin Alternative (Comm Figure 62.16-1)
X
30
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads [ IBC Section 1608 & ASCE 7 98/05 ] (contd)
Exposure Factor, Ce
A = 1.1, City
B = 1.0, Suburb
C = 1.0, Minimal Obstruction
D = 0.9, Flat for a Mile
31
32
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads [ IBC Section 1608 & ASCE 7 98/05 ] (contd)
Thermal Factor, Ct
Heated, 1.0
Structures just above freezing, 1.1
Unheated, 1.2
Continuously heated greenhouses, 0.85
Importance Factor, I (IBC Table 1604.5)
I = 1.0, All others
II = 1.1, School, jail or more than 300
III = 1.2, Hospital or Emergency Structure
IV = 0.8, Ag., temp., or minor storage 33
34
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads [ IBC Section 1608 & ASCE 7 98/05 ] (contd)
Rain-on Snow Surcharge
Roof slope less than 1/2 inch per foot (2.38
degrees) to meet Section 7.10 ASCE 7
Ponding Instability
Roof slope less than 1/4 inch per foot (1.49
degrees) to meet Section 7.11 ASCE 7
35
36
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Loads [ ASCE 7 98 ] (contd)
Unbalanced Loads
Drift Loads
ySloped Roof
yBarrel Roof
ySaw-Toothed Roof
yHigh - Low Roof
37
ASCE 7 -98
Section 7.6.1
Figure 7-5
38
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (Contd)
40
EXAMPLE (Contd)
Roof slope factor (Cs)
ps = Cs pf (ASCE 7 - Eq (7-2))
For warm roofs and
other surfaces Cs = 0.91
42
43
44
45
ASCE 7 -05
Section 7.6.1
46
Evaluation # 200264-A
1995 National Building Code of Canada for
Unbalanced Roof Snow Load Hip and Gable Roofs
47
SCOPE OF EVALUATION
The alternate Canadian standard, 1995 National
Building Code of Canada, for unbalanced roof snow
load for hip and gable roofs has been evaluated for
compliance with certain structural requirements of the
current Wisconsin Commercial Building Code
(WCBC), Chapters Comm 61-65. Pursuant to s.
Comm 61.61 the alternate standard and methodology
as described below is approved for use in the State of
Wisconsin to satisfy the intent and the unbalanced
snow load design provisions of IBC 1608.6 (ASCE 798, section 7.6 )
48
IBC Chapter 16
Snow Drift on Lower Roofs - IBC
ASCE 7-98/05 Figure 7-8
49
50
51
IBC Chapter 16
Wind Loads [ IBC Section 1609 & Section 6 of ASCE 7 98/05 ]
Terms (IBC 1609.2 & ASCE 7 6.2 Definitions)
Main Wind Force Resisting System
(MWFRS)
Components and Cladding
Low-Rise building
Simple Diaphragm
Enclosed, partially enclosed and open
structures
52
IBC Chapter 16
Wind Loads [ IBC Section 1609 & Section 6 of ASCE 7 98 ]
53
54
55
IBC Chapter 16
Wind Loads [ IBC Section 1609 & Section 6 of ASCE 7 98 ]
IBC Simplified
X for Low-Rise
56
57
ASCE 7 -05
ASCE 7 -05
6.2 Definitions
ASCE 7 -05
6.4.1.2 Components and Cladding
1. the mean roof height h < 60 ft.,
2. the building is enclosed as defined in 6.2 and conforms to
the windborn debris provisions of 6.5.9.3,
4. the building is a regular shaped building or structure as
defined in 6.2,
5. the building does not have response characteristics making
it subject to across wind loading, vortex shedding,
instability due to galloping or flutter. ..
7. the building has either a flat roof, or gable roof with <
45o, or hip roof with < 27o.
60
ASCE 7 -05
6.4.2 Design Procedure.
1. The basic wind speed V shall be determined in
accordance with 6.5.4. The wind shall be
assumed to come from any horizontal direction.
2. An importance factor I shall be determined in
accordance with 6.5.5.
3. An exposure category shall be determined in
accordance with 6.5.6.
4. A height and exposure adjustment coefficient, ,
shall be determined from Figure 6-2.
61
ASCE 7 -05
6.4.2 Design Procedure (contd).
Eq. 6-1
Eq. 6-2
62
ASCE 7 -05
6.5.4 Basic wind speed V: Get wind speed from
Figure 6-1 in ASCE 7 which is the same as 2006
IBC Figure 1609.
6.5.5 Importance factor I: Get importance factor
from Table 6-1 in ASCE 7 which are the same as
those given in 2000 IBC Table 1604.5 for wind.
6.5.6 Exposure category: The exposure category is
based on ground surface roughness that is
determined from natural topography, vegetation,
and constructed facilities.
63
ASCE 7 -05
6.5.6 Exposure category: The exposure category is
based on ground surface roughness that is
determined from natural topography, vegetation,
and constructed facilities.
Surface Roughness Categories are:
B; Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or
other terrain.
C; Open terrain with scattered obstrucions
having heights generally less than 30 ft.. .
D; Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces
outside hurricane prone regions.
Exposure categories are similar B, C , D and
related to surface roughness.
64
ASCE 7 -05
IBC Table 1609.6.2.1 (4) values same as ASCE 7-05 Height and
exposure adjustment coefficient, , Figure 6-2
65
ASCE 7 -05
6.5.7.1 Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges and Escarpments.
66
2000 IBC
X
68
ASCE 7 -05
69
70
IBC Chapter 16
71
X
72
73
Grade
Amount of wall
movement dependent on
floor system type
supporting wall
joint type between floor
and top of wall
74
IBC Chapter 16
Seismic Loads
75
IBC Chapter 16
Earthquake Loads (IBC Section 1613
and ASCE 7-05, Section 11.0)
Terms
Occupancy Category -- I, II & III (IBC 1604.5)
Site Class -- A thru F (IBC 1613.5.2)
Ground Motion Spectral Response
Acceleration, 1.0 Sec & 0.2 Sec
Seismic Design Category -- A thru F (IBC 1613.5.6)
76
IBC Chapter 16
Earthquake Loads (IBC Section 1613 and ASCE 7-05)
77
IBC Chapter 16
Earthquake Loads - Fig. 1613 (2)
78
Use Group
I
III
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
C
B
B
C
C
79
IBC Chapter 16
Earthquake Loads
ASCE 7-05 Section 11.7.2
Minimum lateral force applied simultaneously
at each floor level (Equation 11.7-1)
Fx = 0.01 wx
where:
Fx = design lateral force at story x
wx = portion of the total dead load of the
structure, D, located or assigned to Level x
80
IBC Chapter 17
STRUCTURAL TESTS AND SPECIAL INSPECTIONS
81
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
Investigations (IBC Section 1802)
Excavation, grading and filling (IBC Section 1803)
Allowable Load-bearing Values of Soils (IBC Section 1804)
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (Contd)
83
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (Contd)
Excavation, grading and filling
Placement of backfill
Site Grading
Compacted fill material 12 exception
84
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (Contd)
Allowable Load-bearing Values of Soils (IBC Section 1804)
85
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (Contd)
Allowable Load-bearing Values of Soils (Comm 53)
86
Evaluation # 200271-A
ANSI/ASAE EP486.1 OCT00 for
Shallow Post Foundation Design and
Allowable Soil Pressures
87
88
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
89
90
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
Exception -
91
92
93
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS
94
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (contd)
Dampproofing and Waterproofing (IBC Section 1807)
Where required. (IBC 1807.1)
Story above grade
Underfloor space
Ground -water control
95
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade
IBC Chapter 18
Dampproofing and Waterproofing (Contd)
Dampproofing required. (IBC 1807.2)
Floors
Walls
Surface preparation of walls
97
IBC Chapter 18
Dampproofing and Waterproofing (Contd)
Waterproofing required. (IBC 1807.3)
Floors
Walls
Surface preparation of walls
IBC Chapter 18
Pier and Pile Foundations
Wisconsinisms (contd) (Comm 62.1808)
For driven pile foundations, in the case of
a sudden decrease in driving resistance, a
reduced capacity may be applied in lieu of
removing or rejecting the pile.
99
IBC Chapter 18
SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS (contd)
Pier and Pile Foundations (IBC Section 1808)
Wisconsinisms (Comm 62.1808)
Added the terms neutral plane and
downdrag and incorporated the terms
in pile analysis.
Added the allowance that the capacity
of a pile may be determined by load tests
or by calculation.
100
102
Any Questions?
103