http://www.portlandbolt.

com/technical/nut-compatibility-chart/

Nut Compatibility Chart

A563 Grade and ANSI Nut Style
Grade of
Bolt

Surface
Finish

Nominal
Size Inches

Recommende
d
He
x

4 to 112

A307
Grade A &
C

Any

A325 Type
1
A325 Type
3

Any

>2 to 4

4 to 112

>112 to 2

>2 to 4

2 - 112

2 - 112

DH

2 - 112

C3

4 to 112

>112 to 4

4 to 112

DH

>112 to 4

DH

4 to 112

DH

>112 to 4

DH

Plain

Galvanized

Plain

Hex

Heavy Hex

B,D,DH A,B,C,D,DH,DH3

>112 to 2

A307
Grade B

Heavy
Hex

Suitable

C,D,DH,DH3
C,D,DH,DH3

B,D,DH A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
A

C3,D,DH,DH3

DH3
D,DH

C3,D,DH,DH3

Plain
A354
Grade BC

C3,D,DH,DH3

Galvanized

A354
Grade BD

Plain

A449

Plain

4 to 112

DH

D,DH,DH3
DH3

D,DH

B,C,C3,D,DH,DH
3

A563 Grade and ANSI Nut Style

Grade of
Bolt

Surface
Finish

Nominal
Size Inches

Recommende
d
He
x

Heavy
Hex

Suitable

Hex

Heavy Hex

>112 to 3

4 to 112

DH

>112 to 3

DH

2 - 112

DH

DH3

2 - 112

DH3

8 - 3

8 - 3

DH

C,C3,D,DH,DH3
D,DH

Galvanized

A490 Type
1

Plain

A490 Type
3

Plain

Plain

Galvanized

DH,DH3

A687

F1554
Grade 36

4 to 112

>112 to 4
4 to 112

F1554
Grade 55

B,D,DH A,B,C,D,DH,DH3
A

C,D,DH,DH3
B,D,DH A,B,C,D,DH,DH3

Plain
>112 to 4

C,D,DH,DH3

4 to 4

C,D,DH,DH3

Galvanized

4 to 112

F1554
Grade 105

Any

DH,DH3

Plain

Galvanized

>112 to 3

DH

DH3

4 to 3

DH

DH3

1. The availability of A563 grade DH nuts in nominal sizes 3/4 and larger is very
limited and generally available only on special orders of 50,000 or more. For
smaller quantities, ASTM A194 grade 2H should be considered.

ASTM A194 Nut Compatibility Chart

Grade of Bolt

A194 Heavy Hex Nut Grade

A193 Grade B7

2H or 4 or 7

Grade of Bolt

A194 Heavy Hex Nut Grade

A193 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2)

A193 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2)

8M

A320 Grade L7

4 or 7

A320 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2)

A320 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2)

8M

For Class 2 stainless steel grades, strain hardened nuts available as a

supplementary requirement

http://www.portlandbolt.com/technical/specifications/astm-a193/

ASTM A193
Scope
Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical
construction applications. The ASTM standard covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting
materials for high temperature or high pressure service. This specification includes fasteners
intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although, this material is
often available in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches, if being used in traditional
applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for diameters above one inch.
Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number of
other standard specifications not covered in this description including B5, B6, and B16.
A193 Grades
B7

Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered

B8

Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated.

B8M

Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated.

B8

Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

A193 Mechanical Properties

Size

Tensile ksi,
min

Yield, ksi,
min

Elong, %,
min

RA %
min

Up to 2-1/2

125

105

16

50

2-5/8 - 4

115

95

16

50

4-1/8 - 7

100

75

18

50

B8 Class 1

All

75

30

30

50

B8M Class
1

All

75

30

30

50

Up to 3/4

125

100

12

35

7/8 - 1

115

80

15

35

1-1/8 - 1-1/4

105

65

20

35

1-3/8 - 1-1/2

100

50

28

45

Grade

B7

B8 Class 2

Size

Tensile ksi,
min

Yield, ksi,
min

Elong, %,
min

RA %
min

Up to 3/4

110

95

15

45

7/8 - 1

100

80

20

45

1-1/8 - 1-1/4

95

65

25

45

1-3/8 - 1-1/2

90

50

30

45

Grade

B8M Class
2

A193 Chemical Properties

Element

B7 (AISI 4140)

B8 (AISI 304)

B8M (AISI 316)

Carbon

0.37 - 0.49%

0.08% max

0.08% max

Manganese

0.65 - 1.10%

2.00% max

2.00% max

Phosphorus, max

0.035%

0.045%

0.045%

Sulfur, max

0.040%

0.030%

0.030%

Silicon

0.15 - 0.35%

1.00% max

1.00% max

Chromium

0.75 - 1.20%

18.0 - 20.0%

16.0 - 18.0%

8.0 - 11.0%

10.0 - 14.0%

Nickel
Molybdenum

0.15 - 0.25%

2.00 - 3.00%

A193 Recommended Hardware

Bolt Grade

Nuts

Washers

B7

A194 Grade 2H

F436

B8 Class 1

A194 Grade 8

SS304

B8M Class 1

A194 Grade 8M

SS316

B8 Class 2

A194 Grade 8

SS304

B8M Class 2

A194 Grade 8M

SS316

http://www.atlrod.com/nut-compatibility-chart-nuts-bolts/

http://www.piping-engineering.com/bolting-selection-guide-for-boltingmaterial.html

Bolting: Selection Guide for Bolting Material

0

1. Introduction to bolts
2. Classification of bolting material
3. Applications of bolts
4. Dimensional standards for bolts

Introduction to bolts:
The flanges are drilled to receive bolts which, if of the proper material, will develop the full flange strength and result in a satisfactory
joint at the service intended.
The term bolting material covers bolts, studs and stud bolts.
As per ASME B16.5, one can use either square head machine bolts or studs for making a joint. Bolts and studs are available in either
fully threaded or partially threaded condition. The fully threaded structure ensures an equal distribution of elongation when the bolts are
tightened and avoid concentration of stresses that exist in partially threaded stock due to varying cross-sections.
Also, studs are preferred over bolts due to ease of insertion during assembly. At places, like bolting of two valves together, there may not
be sufficient clearance available for inserting bolts due to valve body contour and use of studs is the only possible solution

Fig 1 Stud bolts with 2-hexagonal nuts

Machine bolts with 1-hexagonal nuts

Classification of bolting material:

Since bolting material does not come in contact with fluid, its material compatibility with fluid is not important. The selection of bolt
material is determined based on service conditions and it is wasteful to specify expensive alloys when carbon steel material is entirely
suitable. It is important for bolting material to have good tensile stress.
As per ASME B16.5, bolting material has been divided into three categories as follows:

i. High strength bolting:

Bolting materials having allowable stresses not less than those for ASTM A193 grade B7 are listed as high strength bolts. ASME B16.5
Table 1B is enclosed for reference.
These and other materials of comparable strength may be used in any flanged joint.

ii. Intermediate strength bolting:

Bolting materials listed as intermediate strength in Table 1B, and other bolting of comparable strength, may be used in any flanged joint,
provided the user verifies their ability to seat the selected gasket and maintain a sealed joint under expected operating conditions.

iii. Low strength bolting:

Bolting materials having not more than 30 ksi specified minimum yield strength are listed as low strength in Table 1B. These materials
and others of comparable strength shall be used only in Classes 150 and 300 joints, and only with gaskets of group no. 1a. Flanged
joints using low strength carbon steel bolts shall not be used above 400F or below -20F.

Applications of bolts:
i.
For flanged joints in piping system where one or both flanges are of cast iron, bolts / studs conforming to ASTM A307 Gr. B and
nuts conforming to A194 Gr. 2 are usually used.
Equivalent IS standards for such fasteners is IS 1367 CI. 6.6 / IS 1367 CI. 6.

ii.

For carbon steel flanges having ASME 150 rating on non-critical services, bolts / studs conforming to ASTM A307 and nuts

conforming to ASTM A194 Gr. 2 or fasteners conforming to IS 1367 CI. 6.6 / IS 1367 CI. 6 are usually used.
iii.

For carbon steel flanges on process and critical services involving medium and moderately high pressures and temperatures,

bolts / studs conforming to ASTM A193 Gr. B7 along with heavy hexagonal head nuts conforming to ASTM A194 Gr. 2H are usually
used.
iv.

For very severe service conditions involving high temperatures upto 1100F bolts /studs conforming to ASTM A193 Gr. B7 along

with nuts conforming to ASTM A194 are usually used.

v.

For low temperature carbon steel flanges, studs conforming to ASTM A320 Gr. L7 along with nuts conforming to ASTM A194 Gr.

4 are usually used.

vi.

For all flange joints in plastic piping, low strength bolts / studs are usually acceptable. Use of washers is recommended for joints

in plastic piping.
vii.

Sometimes in plastic piping, handling corrosive fluids, it is recommended that the fasteners are supplied with cadmium plating or

galvanized coating. This is in order to have corrosion resistance against spillages, etc.

Dimensional standards for bolts:

Dimensional standards usually adopted for fasteners are as follows:
Studs bolts: ASME B 18.2.1
Studs: DIN 976 Type B / DIN 934
Nuts: ASME B 18.2.2
Male Threads: ASME B 1.1 C1. 2A
Coarse series (UNC)
Female Threads: ASME B 1.1 C1. 2A
Coarse series

Bolting specifications

General note:
Bolting material shall not be used beyond temperature limits specified in the governing code.
NOTES:
1.

Repair welding of bolting material is prohibited.

2.

These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets.

3.

These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials and gaskets, provided it has been verified that a sealed joint can
be maintained under rated working pressure and temperature.

4.

These bolting materials may be used with all listed materials that are limited to Classes 150 and 300 joints. See para. 5.4.1
for required gasket practices.

5.

These materials may be used as bolting with comparable nickel and special alloy parts.

6.

This austenitic stainless steel material has been carbide solution treated but not strain hardened. Use A194

7.

Nuts may be machined from the same material or may be of a compatible grade of ASTM A194.

8.

Maximum operating temperature is arbitrarily set at 500F, unless material has been annealed, solution annealed or hot
finished, because hard temper adversely affects design stress in the creep rupture stage.

9.

Forging quality not permitted, unless the producer last testing or working these parts, tests them as required for other
permitted conditions in the same specification and certifies their tensile, yield and elongation properties to equal or exceed the
requirements for one of the other permitted conditions.

10. This ferritic material is intended for low temperature service. Use A194 Grade 4 or Grade 7 nuts.
11. This austenitic stainless steel material has been carbide solution treated and stain hardened. Use A194 nuts of corresponding
material.

12. This carbon steel fastener shall not be used above 400F or below -20F. See also note (4). Bolts with drilled or undersized hands
shall not be used.
13. Acceptable nuts for use with quenched and tempered bolts are A194 Grades 2 and 2H. Mechanical property requirements for studs
shall be the same as those for bolts.
14. This special Alloy is intended for high temperature service with austenitic stainless steel.