Neo-Marxism

Neo-Marxism is a loose term for various twentiethcentury approaches that amend or extend Marxism and
Marxist theory, usually by incorporating elements from
other intellectual traditions, such as critical theory,
psychoanalysis, or existentialism (in the case of Sartre).

bunked or dangerous ideas. This stigmatization of Karl

Marxs ideas has led some thinkers to distance themselves
from the label of 'Orthodox Marxist' or even the more
generally term, 'Marxist'. Some thinkers who t this category are David Harvey and Jacque Fresco.[2] Therefore
to overcome this cultural limitation, some thinker such as
Fresco, have re-branded their Marxist beliefs with other
terms. In Frescos case, he re-branded himself a 'Social
Engineer'.[2]

Erik Olin Wright's theory of contradictory class locations,

which incorporates Weberian sociology, critical criminology, and anarchism, is an example of the syncretism
in neo-Marxist theory.[1] As with many uses of the prex neo-, many theorists and groups designated as neoMarxist have attempted to supplement the perceived deciencies of orthodox Marxism or dialectical materialism.
Many prominent neo-Marxists, such as Herbert Marcuse 1.2 Expansion of Marxist critiques
and other members of the Frankfurt School, were sociologists and psychologists.
One idea that many branches of Neo-Marxism share
Neo-Marxism comes under the broader framework of the is the desire to move away from the idea of open, bloody
New Left. In a sociological sense, neo-Marxism adds revolution to one of a more peaceful nature. Moving away
Max Weber's broader understanding of social inequality, from the violence of the Red revolutions of the past while
such as status and power, to Marxist philosophy. Strains keeping the revolutionary message. Neo-Marxist conof neo-Marxism include: critical theory, analytical Marx- cepts can also follow an economic theory that attempts
ism and French structural Marxism.
to move away from the traditional accusations of class
The concept arose as a way to explain questions which warfare and create new economic theory models, such as
were not explained in Karl Marxs works. There are many Hans-Jrgen Krahl did.
dierent branches of Neo-Marxism often not in agree- Several important advances to Neo-Marxism came afment with each other and their theories.
ter World War I from Georg Lukcs, Karl Korsch and
Antonio Gramsci. From the Institute for Social Research
founded in 1923 at the University of Frankfurt am Main
grew one of the most important schools of neo-Marxist
1 History
interdisciplinary social theory, The Frankfurt School. Its
founders were Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno
1.1 Limitations within orthodox Marxism whose critical theories had great inuence on Marxist theory especially after their exile to New York (Columbia
The development of Neo-Marxism came forth through University) after the rise of National Socialism in Gerseveral political and social problems which traditional many in 1933.
Marxist thought was unable to answer. Examples to this
were: Why did socialist and social-democratic political
parties not band together against WWI, but instead supported their own nations entrance into the Great War?
Why, although the timing seemed to be right for a work- 2
ers revolution in the West, had no large-scale revolution
occurred? Also how at this time could the rise of Fascism
2.1
occur in Europe?

Neo-Marxist theories
Neo-marxist theories of development

All these questions led to internal problems within Marx- The Neo-Marxist approach to development economics
ist theory, which caused renewed study and reanalysis of is connected with dependency and world systems theMarxs works to begin.
ories. Here the exploitation which denes it as a
Some political orders have used the term 'Marxist' as marxist approach is an external exploitation rather than
a slur - more so in America (see, the Red Scare). In the normal internal exploitation of orthodox/classical
some cultures, the term has become synonymous with de- Marxism.[3][4]
1

2.2

Neo-marxian economics

See also: Neo-Marxian economics

In Industrial Economics the Neo-Marxist approach
stresses the monopolistic rather than the competitive nature of capitalism. This approach is associated with
Kalecki and Baran and Sweezy.[5][6]

2.3

Neo-Marxist Feminist Therapy

EXTERNAL LINKS

[2] Yates, Shaun (2014). CRIME, CRIMINALITY & SOCIAL

REVOLUTION. UK: Clok. p. 44.
[3] Foster-Carter,A (1973) Neo-Marxist approaches to development and underdevelopment Journal of Contemporary
Asia, Vol. 3, no1
[4] John Taylor (1974): Neo-Marxism and Underdevelopment A sociological phantasy, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 4:1, 5-23
[5] Kalecki, Micha (1971) Class Struggle and the Distribution of National Income (Lucha de clases y distribucin
del ingreso), Kyklos, Vol 24 Issue 1

It is a school of thought that believes that the means of

[6] Baran, P and Sweezy, P (1966) Monopoly Capital: An esknowledge, culture, and pedagogy are part of a 'privisay on the American economic and social order, Monthly
leged' epistemology. Where privilege is meant to mean
Review Press, New York
the absence of injustice and the resultant undue enrichment in terms of production of knowledge. Neo-marxist [7] Theresa Mcdowell unsettling white stream pedagogy the great white project - 9th Annual Liberation Based
feminism relies heavily on critical theory, inter-sectional
Healing Conference
feminism and postmodern thought, and seeks to apply
those theories in psychotherapy as the means of political [8] Theresa Mcdowell VALUING IDEAS OF SOCIAL
and cultural change. Teresa Mcdowell and Rhea Almeda
JUSTICE IN MFT CURRICULA
use these theories in a therapy method called liberation
based healing, which like many forms of Marxism uses [9] Theresa Mcdowell class and classism in family therapy
praxis: a Feminist, neo-marxist approach
sample bias in the many inter-related liberties, in order
to magnify the 'critical consciousness of the participants [10] Rhea Almeda Cultural Context Model: A Liberation
towards unrest of the status quo.[7][8][9][10]
Based Healing Paradigm.

See also
Analytical Marxism
Cultural Marxism
Marxist feminism
Marxist humanism
Neo-fascism
Neue Marx-Lektre
Budapest School (Lukcs)
Open Marxism
Post-Marxism
Western Marxism

5 References
Paul Blackledge, Perry Anderson, Marxism, and the
New Left. Merlin Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-85036532-0
Hans Heinz Holz, Strmungen und Tendenzen im
Neomarxismus. Carl Hanser Verlag, Mnchen
1972, ISBN 3-446-11650-8
Horst Mller, Praxis und Honung.
Studien
zur Philosophie und Wissenschaft gesellschaftlicher
Praxis von Marx bis Bloch und Lefebvre. Germinal
Verlag, Bochum 1986, ISBN 3-88663-509-0
Andreas von Weiss, Neomarxismus. Die Problemdiskussion
im
Nachfolgemarximus
der
Jahre 1945 bis 1970.
Karl-Alber-Verlag,
Freiburg/Mnchen 1970, ISBN 3-495-472126

Young Marx
Infomarxism

Notes

[1] John Scott & Gordon Marshall (eds) A Dictionary of Sociology (Article: neo-Marxism), Oxford University Press,
1998

6 External links
Neo-Marxism: An Attempt at Reformation.

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