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ItaipuDamWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Coordinates:252429S543520W

ItaipuDam
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheItaipuDam(Guarani:PresaItaipu,Portuguese:
BarragemdeItaipu,Spanish:RepresadeItaip
Portuguesepronunciation:[itjpu],locally:[ita.ipu],Spanish
pronunciation:[itaipu])isahydroelectricdamonthe
ParanRiverlocatedontheborderbetweenBraziland
Paraguay.Thename"Itaipu"wastakenfromanislethat
existedneartheconstructionsite.IntheGuarani
language,Itaipumeans"thesoundingstone".[3][4]Itisa
binationalundertakingrunbyBrazilandParaguayatthe
ParanRiveronthebordersectionbetweenthetwo
countries,15km(9.3mi)northoftheFriendshipBridge.
TheprojectrangesfromFozdoIguau,inBrazil,and
CiudaddelEsteinParaguay,inthesouthtoGuaraand
SaltodelGuairinthenorth.Theinstalledgeneration
capacityoftheplantis14GW,with20generatingunits
providing700MWeachwithahydraulicdesignheadof
118metres(387ft).In2013theplantgeneratedarecord
98.6TWh,supplyingapproximately75%ofthe
electricityconsumedbyParaguayand17%ofthat
consumedbyBrazil.[5]

ItaipuDam
PresaItaipu
BarragemdeItaipu

Ofthetwentygeneratorunitscurrentlyinstalled,ten
generateat50HzforParaguayandtengenerateat60Hz
forBrazil.SincetheoutputcapacityoftheParaguayan
generatorsfarexceedstheloadinParaguay,mostoftheir
productionisexporteddirectlytotheBrazilianside,from
wheretwo600kVHVDClines,eachapproximately800
kilometres(500mi)long,carrythemajorityofthe
energytotheSoPaulo/RiodeJaneiroregionwherethe
terminalequipmentconvertsthepowerto60Hz.
LocationoftheDam

Contents
1 History
1.1 NegotiationsbetweenBraziland
Paraguay
1.2 Constructionstarts
1.3 ParanRiverrerouted
1.4 AgreementbyBrazil,Paraguay,and
Argentina
1.5 Formationofthelake
1.6 Startofoperations
1.7 Capacityexpansionin2007

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaipu_Dam

Officialname

CentralHidroelctricaItaip
Binacional
UsinaHidreltricaItaipu
Binacional

Country

Brazil
Paraguay

Location

FozdoIguau
Hernandarias

Coordinates

252429S543520W
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3
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5

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1.7 Capacityexpansionin2007
November2009powerfailure
WonderoftheModernWorld
Socialandenvironmentalimpacts
Statistics
5.1 Construction
5.2 Generatingstationanddam
5.3 Generation
Seealso
References
Externallinks

Status

Operational

Constructionbegan January1975
Openingdate

5May1984

Constructioncost

US$19.6billion

Owner(s)

ItaipuBinacional
Damandspillways

Typeofdam

Combinationgravity,buttress
andembankmentsections

Impounds

ParanRiver

Height

196m(643ft)

Length

7,919m(25,981ft)

NegotiationsbetweenBrazilandParaguay

Damvolume

12,300,000m3
(430,000,000cuft)

TheconceptbehindtheItaipuPowerPlantwastheresult
ofseriousnegotiationsbetweenthetwocountriesduring
the1960s.The"AtadoIguau"(IguauAct)wassigned
onJuly22,1966,bytheBrazilianandParaguayan
MinistersofForeignAffairs,JuracyMagalhesandRal
SapenaPastor,respectively.Thiswasajointdeclaration
ofthemutualinterestinstudyingtheexploitationofthe
hydroresourcesthatthetwocountriessharedinthe
sectionoftheParanRiverstartingfrom,andincluding,
theSaltodeSeteQuedas,totheIguauRiverwatershed.
TheTreatythatgaveorigintothepowerplantwassigned
in1973.

Spillwaycapacity

62,200m3/s
(2,200,000cuft/s)

Thetermsofthetreaty,whichexpiresin2023,havebeen
thesubjectofwidespreaddiscontentinParaguay.The
governmentofPresidentLugovowedtorenegotiatethe
termsofthetreatywithBrazil,whichlongremained
hostiletoanyrenegotiation.[6]

History

In2009,Brazilagreedtoafairerpaymentofelectricity
toParaguayandalsoallowedParaguaytosellexcess
powerdirectlytoBraziliancompaniesinsteadofsolely
throughtheBrazilianelectricitymonopoly.[7][8]

Constructionstarts

Reservoir
Creates

ItaipuReservoir

Totalcapacity

29km3(24,000,000acreft)

Catchmentarea

1,350,000km2
(520,000sqmi)

Surfacearea

1,350km2(520sqmi)

Max.length

170km(110mi)

Max.width

12km(7.5mi)
Powerstation

Type

Conventional

Hydraulichead

118m(387ft)

Turbines

20700MW(940,000hp)
Francistype

Installedcapacity

14GW(19,000,000hp)

Annualgeneration 89.5TWh(322PJ)
(2015)[1][2]
Website
www.itaipu.gov.br(http://www.itaipu.gov.br/en)
www.itaipu.gov.py(http://www.itaipu.gov.py/en)

In1970,theconsortiumformedbythecompaniesIECO
(fromtheUnitedStates),[9]andELCElectroconsult
S.p.A.(fromItaly)wontheinternationalcompetitionfor
therealizationoftheviabilitystudiesandfortheelaborationoftheconstructionproject.Designstudies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaipu_Dam

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