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Abstract
Government of Pakistan has been funding Projects and Programs for
socio-economic development since formulation of the first five years plan. Such Projects
falls in thousands with a cost of trillion rupees. Presently, 8000 projects and programs
are funded through development budget at federal and provincial levels. This is a huge
investment, and on completion requires transformation to regular budget on sustainable
footing to ignite the engine of economic growth in long run. Therefore, evaluation of all
these projects is required for assessment of ongoing and completed projects, programs,
policy and plan to make improvement in their design and implementation and stabilize
policy formulation by inbuilt mechanism of monitoring and evaluation. The Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) has already set a criteria in this regard for evaluation of
development assistance. It includes Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Impact, and
Sustainability.
In Pakistan, Projects Planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation
are performed using the conventional methods through adhoc data collection (not
properly analysed) and without identification of the outcome and impact of such
investment. The tools used in the projects cycle are known PC-I, PC-II, PC-III, PC-IV &
PC-V. These are effective tools provided the adequate information is made available
through a reliable Management Information System (MIS). The software of Projects
Monitoring and Evaluation System (PMES) is of high worth in this regard to analyse the
data and extract results for identification of the outcome and impact help the policy
makers for a change in the related parameters to achieve the targeted level of economic
growth.
An Independent Project Evaluation (IPE) has been more effective in
evaluation of the individual project designed to achieve the specific objectives, within
allocated resources, in a prescribed period, following the approved plan of action within
the frame work of a broader program. In this case Vision 2025 provides the guiding
principles to achieve the targeted results through known indicators, and define its
connectivity with the national goals and objectives. These inventories may be reflected
in the Five Year Plans. However, a price tag of the plan matching with the physical
targets will further specify the development interventions. IPE is initiated and managed
by the project managers, and contributed by the independent external evaluators to
ensure quality assessment in the entire process of evaluation. Planning Commission of
Pakistan has adopted a mixed approach of monitoring and evaluation through Projects
Wing since 1983. A few projects were monitored till 2005. The Projects Wing was
upgraded in 2006 by investing Rs 360 million through the Project Monitoring PSDP
Funded Projects (MPFP). This project has effectively delivered, despite the problems
and deficiencies in the inputs required for monitoring and evaluation including human
resources, equipment, training and refresher courses of the staff, and regular salary
packages etc. Planning Commission in its restructuring has emphasized on monitoring
and evaluation to maintain the worth of projects investment, and ensure sustainability to
support the engine of economic growth.
Projects Evaluation in Pakistan:
Introduction:
A national plan is an essential instrument to guide allocation of resources
through priorities setting within the countrys macroeconomic framework. Its basic
elements are individual projects programs and policies designed to achieve the plans
economic and social goals. However, the plan remains a conceptual document, a
composition of formulae, and a continuum of commitments, until it is implemented, and
the results accrued.
The number of projects included in the public sector development program
(PSDP) at the federal level alone was about four thousand in 1998. For the country as a
whole (federal and provincial), the number in a given year is around eight thousands
projects in the public sector. A similar number of projects are undertaken in the private
sector.
Wing, and available to the PME cells at all levels. These services are also available to
all agencies involved in project implementation.
The Projects Wing regularly shares monitoring and evaluation reports with
sponsoring/ executing agencies for taking remedial action. A quarterly report is being
submitted to ECNEC on the monitoring and evaluation of projects. Now the projects
status identified through M&E have been shared with the Public Accounts Committee
(PAC), Standing Committees of National Assembly, Senate, and the Prime Ministers
Secretariat. This is a helping practice in identification of slow moving projects, resolve
the issues in projects of strategic importance, re-adjust priorities and allocation of
resources for mid-course correction in policy, plan as well implementation of the
projects.
Recognizing the need for upgrading the knowledge and skills of the
officers and staff engaged in planning, monitoring and evaluation tasks in various
ministries, provincial line departments and large corporations, a Planning and
Management Institute (PPMI) is being set up by the Planning Division. The Institute
offers preliminary and specialized courses to train and impart necessary knowledge and
skills to officers working in the areas like project formulation, appraisal, management,
monitoring and evaluation and macroeconomic planning. This is planned that all project
managers should complete a project management course from the Institute before
appointment. The Institute will strengthen the in-house capacity of ministries and line
departments and build up capacities in every major sector of the economy.
Institutional Framework (IF):
The Institutional framework of government decision making process is
rather complex instead to be absolutely clear. The IF embodies enforcement of project
cycle, particularly in projects formulation based on the national needs, and in evaluation
after completion of projects for correction in policies. The M&E is based on factual data
and national parameters. These are actually correlated with the development plans to
achieve the ultimate objectives of economic growth. The value parameters are actually
the national weights and factual parameters are government propensity to re-invest or
the marginal propensity to invest in the public as well as private sector. There are four
units which form the institutional framework given as under:
POLICY
MAKERS
FACTUAL PARAMETERS
PROJECTFORMULAT
ORS
PROJECT EVALUATORS
FACTURAL PARAMETERS
CENTRAL
PLANNERS
PROJECT OPTIMAL
UNDER VARIOUS
RANGES OF
NATIONAL
PARAMETERS
documents carries high significance. These instruments are depicted in the Project
Monitoring and Evaluation System (PMES) for use.
The PSDP size has grown up from Rs 113 billion in 2003-04 to Rs 540
billion. Following graph depict the PSDP size during last 10 years:
Total projects completed and registered with the Planning Commission till
February, 2013 are 806, where 163 PC-IV (projects completion Reports) have been
compiled in the Evaluation Section as follows:
S.No
Years
1
2
3
4
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Total
Projects
completed
190
245
212
154
806
PC-IV
Received
41
43
61
19
163
PC-IV
%
of
completed projects
22%
16%
29%
12%
20%
M&E Status:
Project Wing has been assigned the task of monitoring and evaluation
since 1983. Projects monitored were more than the projects evaluated during last 30
years (1983-2013). Exact criteria could not be determined for selection of the projects
meant for monitoring, and particularly for evaluation. Projects funded through PSDP
being sponsored and executed by 43 Ministries and Divisions monitored during last 10
years are following:
Analysis of the above trend shows that number of mega projects having
direct bearings on the economy has increased. The post devolution after 2010, PSDP
funded projects have declined to 1200 due to transfer of projects to the provinces. A few
projects related social development have been accommodated and adjusted in the
different Ministries/Divisions at federal level. The Evaluation unit of Projects Wing has
not delivered properly and stands beyond the targeted achievements. This unit has not
made the required contribution towards the economic up lift by improving effectiveness,
efficiency, and transparency in the execution of the Projects. The visible reason for less
delivery is non availability of the qualified manpower, and proper guidelines of
evaluation techniques. This has actually resulted in, imperfect outcome, and more of no
good use for improvement in policy formulation as well as implementation. Following are
the major issues being faced by the Evaluation System:
Issues:
Recommendations:
Within six months of project approval, detailed design and costing should
be finalized and submitted to the competent authority. Implementation of
such project components, which require detailed designing, should be
started only when these have been finalized.
direct
sharing
with
the
stakeholders
for
enforcement
and
implementation.
References:
1. Dasgupta, Amartya Sen London School of Economics Guidelines for Projects
Evaluation, UN, 1972.
2. Stephen, Harvard University, UNID, 1972.
3. Guidelines for Project Evaluation, UN Pusercatin, UNIDO Viena, Newyork, 1972.
4. 7th Five Year Plan, 1988-93, and Perspective Plan 1988-2003, Planning
Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad.
5. Presentation on Evaluation by P&D Division, Conclave, 12 th March, 2004,
Islamabad, Pakistan.
6. Pakistan MDGs Report 2013, Planning Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad.
89
7. Manual for Development, P, D & R Division (1997), Islamabad.
8. Project Management Guidelines, Planning Commission of Pakistan, 2004.
9. Projects Wing, Planning, Development & Reform Division, Islamabad, March,
2014.
The Secretary,
M/o Commerce,
Government of Pakistan,
Islamabad.
Subject:
Dear Sir,
It is humbly requested to kindly provide us one million cement bags, i.e.
(Lucky, Kohat and Best Way) for the transit of Pakistan to Afghanistan, as we are
already doing this on internal level, therefore we shall be thankful to you if our request
may kindly be accepted.
2.
In view of the above, it is, therefore requested that necessary permission
may kindly be given and issue a letter for export of cement bags from Pakistan to
Afghanistan. .All necessary requirements are completed in your aspects.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
(Tallat Javed)