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MiCfflGAN
YEAR BOOK FOR 1886
CHICAGO, leae.
(copyrighted.)
F. I. WHITNEY. O. W. RUGGLES,
Ass't Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent. Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent.
Spring begins March. 20. .11.18 P.M. Autumn begins Sept. 22... .9.56 p.m.
Summer " June 21 7.33 a.m. Winter " Dec. 21 4.12 p.m.
CYCLES OF TIME.
Dominical Letter C Radam (month of abstinence ob-
Epact 25 served by the Turks) begins June 3
Golden Number 5 Mohammedan Year 1304,
Solar Cycle 19 begins Sept. 30
Roman Indiction 14 Year 6647 of Jewish Era
Julian Period 6599 begins Sept. 30
Dionysian Period 214
METEOROLOGICAL.
The United States Signal Service has first-class stations established at
Alpena, Detroit, Escanaba, Grand Haven, Mackinaw City, Marquette and
Port Huron, and special display stations for the exhibition of cautionary
and weather signals at Bay City, Charlevoix, East Tawas, Elk Rapids, Frank-
fort, Ludington, Fort Mackinac, Manistee, Menominee, Montague, Muske-
gon, Northport, Pentwater, Petoskey, St. Ignace, St. Joseph, Sand Beach,
South Haven and Traverse City. The station at Detroit also prints Farm-
ers' Bulletins. The cost of these stations, exclusive of the pay of the observ-
ers, was, during the fiscal year, 1883-4 but $2,919.
The cautionary signal is a black square in the center of a white flag and
indicates the approach of a cold wave or northwest storm. The general
weather signals are also white flags with various figures, as follows: red cir-
cle or sphere, indicating higher temperature; red star, stationary tempera-
ture; red moon, lower temperature; blue circle or sphere, general rain or
snow; blue star, local rain or snow; blue moon, clear or fair weather. The
red colors indicate temperature and the blue colors weather and the signals
are combined accordingly. In Canada and some of the States these signals
are used on railroad trains displayed on the sides of the baggage cars but have
not yet been adopted by the Michigan roads.
The calculations in the almanac are made according to Central Standard
Time, or that of the ninetieth meridian of longitude west from Greenwich,
which is also the legal time of Michigan. The local or solar time of any
particular place differs from Central Standard Time according to its longi-
tude, being four minutes earlier or later for each degree of longitude east
or west of the ninetieth meridian. A slight difference also results from
difference of latitude varying with the seasons. The following tables show
the latitude, longitude and most interesting meteorological data pf the
seven United States stations and of the State stations at Lansing and Reed
City reported by the Board of Health
Variance Annual Mean Average
from Range Annual Hourly
Longitude.
Standard Temp. Precipi- Velocity
Time. 1883-84. tation. of Wind.
Inches. Miles.
Alpena N, 45 05 W. 83 30 26 00 107.0 38.21 8.8
Detroit N. 42 20 W.83 03 27 48 97.0 36.19 7.8
Escanaba N. 45 48 W. 87 05 1100 110.3 35.30 9.4
Grand Haven N. 43 05 W. 86 18 14 48 92.1 39.17 10.8
Mackinaw City N. 45 47 W.84 39 2124 103.4 t30.08 10.3
Marquette N. 46 34 W. 87 24 10 24 114.0 32.68 8.4
Port Huron i
N. 43 00 W. 82 26 30 16 104.8 35.26 9.6
Lansing 1
N. 42 45 W. 84 33 21 48
Reed City I
N. 43 50 W. 85 80 18 00
t 10 Months.
AVERAGE MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURES.
MONTHS.
JANUA^RY.
moon's phases. d. h. m.
New Moon 5 1 44 mo.
FirstQuarter 13 6 24 mo.
FuUMoou 20 1 45 mo.
Third Quarter 26 7 31 ev.
Vi m g-E
H.M.
3 55 Washington used American flag
first 1776.
4 52 East River Bridge begun 1870.
5 46 Gen. Wm. Hull court-martialed at Albany 1814.
6 36 Albion College burned 1854.
sets Gen. Grierson's Mississippi raid ended 1865.
6 18 Charles Sumner born 1811.
7 13 Bank of North America opened 1782.
8 111 Jackson defeated Packenham at New Orleans 1815.
9 6 Mississippi seceded 1861.
10 4 Gen. Gordon Granger died 1876.
11 3 Michigan Territory organized by Congress 1805.
mo. National Fast in United States 1815.
3 Schuyler Colfax died 1885.
1 6 Canadians evacuated Navy Island 1838.
2 10 Gen. Terry carried Fort Fisher by storm 1865.
3 15 New York State Lunatic Asylum opened 1843.
4 21 Benjamin Franklin born in Boston 1706.
5 25 Battle of Frenchtown 1813.
Thomas defeated Zollikoffer at Mill Springs, Ky. .1862.
rise Robert Morris born 1733.
7 3 Fitz John Porter cashiered 1863.
8 17 Battle and massacre at the river Raisin 1813.
9 29 Thanksgiving in New Orleans 1815.
4 10 37 Severe earthquake in New York 1841.
11 44 St. Louis Castle, Quebec, burned 1834.
mo. Michigan admitted to the Union as a State 1837.
48 Com. Charles Morris died 1856.
149 William H. Prescott died 1859.
2 47 Timothy Pickering died 1829.
3 42 Attempted assassination of President Jackson 1834.
4 33 Rev. A. D. Mayo born 1823.
FEBRUARY.
MOON'S PHASES. D. H. M.
New Moon 3 9 15 ev.
First Quarter 11 8 46 ev.
Full Moon 18 15 ev.
fl» Third Quarter 25 11 11 mo.
H.M. H.M
5 14 5 19 13th Amendment to the Constitntion 1865.
5 15 6 2 Michigan joint resolution of loyalty and aid 1861.
5 17 seti Franklin before the House of Commons 1766.
5 18 6 State $150 bounty act passed Mich. Legislature 1865.
5 19 7 Battle at Hatcher's Run 1865.
5 20 7 58 American Treaty with France 1778.
5 8
21 57 Daniel Boone captured by the French 1778.
Mo 5 9
23 55 Gen. William T. Sherman born 1820.
Tu 5 25^10 56 Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock died 1886.
We 5 26 11 Treaty of Paris signed
57 1763.
Th 5 27, mo. De Witt Clinton died 1828.
Fr 5 29 1 ( Abraham Lincoln born in Hardin County, Ky 1809.
Sa 5 30l 2 Com. Isaac Hull died
< 1843.
S 6 58 5 31 3 ( Sherman occupied Meridian, Miss 1864.
Mo 6 56 5 32i 4 12th Michigan Infantry mustered out at Camden.
( .1866.
Tu 6 55 5 34 5 Fort Donelson surrendered to Gen. Grant
i 1862.
We 6 53 5 35 5 52 Charleston evacuated and Columbia occupied 1865.
5 36 rise Charleston occupied by the U. S. troops 1865.
5 37 7 3 Fort Anderson, N. C, captured 1865.
5 39 8 1 Battle of Olustee, Fla 1864.
5 40| 9 25 British captured Ogdensburg, N. Y 1813.
5 41,10 83 Washington bokn, 1732. J. ilussell Lowell born. .1819.
5 42 11 37 Taylor defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista 1847.
5 44imo. Clarke recaptured Vincennes 1779.
5 45 3J President Johnson impeached 1868.
5 46 13; Robert R. Livingston died 1813.
5 47 2 28 Henry W. Longfellow born 1807.
5 49 3 16 Earthquake at Lexington, Ky 1855.
NIARCH.
^
NIAY.
f
JULY.
moon's phases. d. h. m.
New Moon 1 4 7
First Quarter 8 7 18 mo,
fl® fl» §a3
Full Moon 15 9 9 ev
Third Quarter 24 1 21 mo,
New Moon 31 11 26 ev.
H.M. H.M. H.M.
Th 4 27 7 41 sets. The British surrendered the Michigan forts 1796
Fr 4 27 7 40 8 13 President Garfield assassinated 1881
Sa 4 28 7 40 9 2 Lee defeated at Gettysburg 1863
S 4 28 7 40 9 45 Declaration of Independence 1776
Mo 4 29 7 40 10 24 Admiral David G. Farragut born in Tennessee... .1801
Tu 4 30 7 39 10 59 Com. Joshua Barney born 1759
We 4 30 7 1133 1stMich. Sharpshooters must, in at Kalamazoo. . .1863
Th 4 31 7 39 mo. Port Hudson surrendered to Gen. Banks 1863
- Fr 4 32 7 38 6 1st Michigan Infantry mustered out 1865.
10 Sa 4 32 7 38 41 Abolition riots in New York 1854
11 S 4 33 7 37 117 John Quincy Adams born 1767
12 Mo 4 34 7 37 1 66 Gen. Hull invaded Canada from Detroit 1812
13 Tu 4 35j7 36 2 38 Ordinance f or "N. W Territory adopted
. 1787
14 We 4 36 7 36 3 25 New York draft riots 1863
15 Th 4 36 7 35 rise. Northwest Territory organized at Marietta 1788
16 Fr 4 37 7 34 7 47 Wayne stormed Stony Point 1779
17 Sa 4 38 7 34 8 24 Lt. Hanks surrendered Michilimacinac 1812
18 S 4 39 7 33 8 56 Beauregard defeated McDowell at Bull Run 1861
19 iMo 4 40 7 32 9 27 10th Mich. Infantry mustered out at Louisville 1865,
20 |Tu 4 41 7 32 9 55 14th Amendment to the Constitution ratified 1868
21 (We 4 42,7 31 10 23 Proctor's second siege of Fort Meigs 1813
22 |Th 4 43I7 30 10 52 Sherman repulsed Hood in front of Atlanta 1864
23 Fr 4 43 7 29 1122 Gen. U. S.Grant died at Mt. MacGregor 1885
24 Sa 4 44 7 28 1154 LaMotte Cadillac founded Detroit 1701,
25 S 4 45 7 27 mo. Gen.Brown defeated Drummond at Lundy's Lane. 1814,
26 Mo 4 46 7 26 32 Post offices first established by Congress 1775.
27 Tu 4 47 7 25 114 Schenectady bought from the Indians 1661.
\Ve 4 48 7 24 2 3 Sherman repulsed Hood at Ezra Church 1864,
Th 4 49 7 23 3 1 2d Michigan Infantry mustered out 1865,
Fr 4 50 7 22 4 7 Petersburg mine exploded 1864
Sa 4 51 7 21 sets. Wolfe's assault at Quebec repulsed 1759.
AUGUST.
MOON'S PHASES. D. H. M.
First Quarter 6 3 6 ev.
FullMoon 14 24 ev.
Third Quarter 22 1 42 ev.
New Moon 2i) 6 54 mo.
31 1864.
|
^
NOVE^PvlBKR.
MOON'S PHASES. D. H. M.
First Quarter 3 11 5 mo.
•ttS' FullMoon 11 1 7 ev.
Third Quarter 18 4 40 ev.
New Moon 25 1 19 ev.
DKCKIVLBER.
MOON'S PHASES. D. M.
First Quarter , 3 25 mo.
FullMoon 11 30 mo.
PI a>lfl m Third Quarter 18 39 mo.
o %% New Moon 25 55 mo.
H.M. H.M.
We 7 10 4 29 10 12 Cantilever Bridge over Niagara completed 1883.
Th 7 11 4 28 11 09 Steamer Win field Scott lost 1853.
Fr 7 12 4 28 mo. Illinois admitted to the Union as a State 1818.
Sa 7 13 4 28 6 5th Michigan Cavalry left Detroit 1862.
S 7 14 4 28 1 4 Historical Day Methodist Episcopal Church.
6 Mo 7 15 4 28 2 2 The City of Detroit foundered in Saginaw Bay 1873.
7 Tu 4 L^ 3 1 Schuyler Colfax elected Speaker 1863.
8 We 4 28 4 2 Henry Laurens died 1792.
9 Th 428 5 5 Bidwell's Battery left Coldwater 1861.
10 Fr 4 28 6 8 Henry R. Schoolcraft died in Washington 1861.
11 Sa 4 28 rise. Mich. Eng'rs & Mech's mustered in at Marshall. .1861.
12 4 28 6 Mich. Cavalry Brigade formed at Washington
7 1862.
13 Mo . _- 4 28 Burnside repulsed at Fredericksburg
7 9 l!-62.
14 Tu 7 22 4 28 Washin-jton died at Mt. Vernon
8 16 1799.
15 We 7 23 4 28 9 25 ratified Ohio boundary
Michigan 1836.
16 7 23 4 29 Thomas defeated Hood at Nashville
10 35 1864.
17 7 24 i4 29 1146 Helm surrendered Vincennes to Hamilton 1778.
18 7 2-^4 29 mo. 13th Amendment to the Constitution ratified 1865.
19 7 2514 30 51 Senator Felix Grundy died 1840.
20 7 26;4 30 2 3 Great Britain declared war against Holland 1780.
21 7 2(; 4 31 3 11 Gen. Sherman occupied Savannah 1864.
22 7 27 4 31 4 17 Pilgrims landed at Plymouth 1620.
23 7 27 4 32 5 21 Washington resigned his commission 1782.
24 7 28 4 32 6 23 Johns Hopkins died ^... 1873.
25 7 28 4 3.1 sets. Christmas.
26 7 2814 33 6 5 Washington defeated the British at Trenton 1776.
27 7 29,4 34 7 2 Congress voted Washington unlimited powers 1776.
28 7 29 '4 35 7 59 Dade's massacre by Indians 1835.
29 7 29 4 Mi 8 67 Bainbridge captured the Java 1812.
30 7 29 4 37 y 54 The Monitor lost off Cape Hatteras 1862.
31 7 304 37 10 52 Gen. Montgomery fell in the attack on Quebec . . . 1775.
STATE OF MICHIGAN.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
GOVERNOR,
His Excellency Russell A. Alger, Detroit.
Term expires Jan. 1, 1887. Salary, $1,000.
Private Secretary— Gilbert R. Osmun, Detroit. Salary, $1,(500
LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR.
Hon. Archibald Buttars, Charlevoix.
Salary, ?3.00per day, during session of Legislature.
SALARY.
Secretarij ofState—KAnnY A. Conant, Monroe $ 800
Deputy— D. Henry McComas, Lansing 1,800
Chief Clerk— George W. Freeman, Lansing 1,200
Treasiu^er— Edward H. Butler, Detroit 1,000
Deputy—William Stagg, Lansing 1,800
Cashier— Edwin F. Swan, Flint 1,200
Book-keeper— Charles F. Moore, Lansing 1,200
Auditor General— Wll^L,lAisi G. STEVENS, Ann Arbor 2,000
Deputy— Hubert R. Pratt, Lansing 1,800
Book-keeper— Henry Humphrey, Lansing 1,200
Chief Clerk— George H. Saxton, Lansing 1,200
—
Private Secretary William W. Cook, Leslie 1,100
Commissioner of the State Land O^ce—MiNOR S. Newell, Flint 800
Deputy—Henry Lansing
S. Sleeper, 1,800
Book-keeper— William Ennis, Lansing 1,200
Chief Clerk— Leland H. Briggs, Lansing 1,2C0
Superintendent of Public Instruction— Theodo-re Nelson,! St. Louis. 1,000 .
STATE BOARDS.
(The year when term of ofi&ce expires is given in parenthesis.)
Board of State Auditors— Secretary of State, State Treasurer and
Commissioner of the State Land Office. Advisory Members—Tlis Excellency
the Governor and the Attorney General. Secretor;/- Thomas M. Wilson,
New Baltimore. Salary, $1,400.
Regular meetings on the last Wednesday of each month.
Board of Control for Reclamation of Swamp Lands.—His Excel-
lency the Governor, Secretary of State, Auditor General, State Treasurer,
Attorney General and Commissioner of the. State Land Office.
Regular meetings on Thursday following the last Wednesday of each
month.
Board of Equalization.— The Lieutenant Governor, Auditor General,
Secretary of State, State Treasurer and Commissioner of the State Land
Office.
Will meet August 16, 1886, for equalization of assessments and taxation
in the several counties for the next five years.
STATE BOARDS.-Continued.
Board of State Canvassers.— Secretary of State, State Treasurer and
Commissioner of the State Land Office.
Board of Examination of Claims Growing Out of Sales of Public
Lands.— Commissioner of the State Land Office, State Treasurer and At-
torney General.
Board of Control of St. Mary's Ship Canal and of the Portage
Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal.—His Excellency the Governor,
Auditor General and State Treasurer.
Regular meetings first Thursday after the last Wednesday in each month.
Board of Fund Commissioners.—His Excellency the Governor, State
Treasurer and Auditor General.
Board of Geological Survey.— His Excellency the Governor, Super-
intendent of Public Instruction and President of the State Bonrd of
Education. State Geologist, Charles E. Wright, Marquette.
Board op Internal Improvement.— State Treasurer, Secretary of State
and Auditor General.
Board TO Take Charge of Escheated Property and Other State
Assets.- -Auditor General, State Treasurer and Secretary of State.
Board for Repairs and Additions to the State Prison.— His Excel-
lency the Governor and the Inspectors of the State Prison.
Agricultural Land Grant Board.-His Excellency the Governor,
Auditor General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Attorney General and
Commissioner of the State Land Office.
Board of Review for the Assessment of Telegraph and Tele-
phone Lines.— Auditor General, State Treasurer and Commissioner of the
State Land Office.
Board of Railroad Consolidations.—Attorney General, Commis-
sioner of Railroads and Secretary of State.
Board of Railroad Crossings.—Attorney General, Secretary of State
and Commissioner of Railroads.
Bureau of Statistics of Labor.— Commissioner of Labor, Deputy
Commissioner of Labor and Secretary of State.
Board of Education.— Edgar Rexford, Ypsilanti (1887i; Bela W. Jenks,
St. Clair (1889); James M. Ballou, Allegan (1891). Secretary, e.r-officio, the
Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Board of Corrections and Charities.—His Excellency the Governor;
EdveinH. Van Deusen, M. D., Kalamazoo (1887); John J. Wheeler, East Sag-
inaw (1889); Levi L. Barbour, Detroit (1891); Rt. Rev. George D. Gillespie,
D. D. (Chairman), Grand Rapids (1893). Secretary, W. J. Baxter, Lansing.
Board of Health.— Arthur Hazelwood, M. D., Grand Rapids (1887) John ;
STATE INSTITUTIONS.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN.
Regents.— James Shearer, Bay City (1888) Ebenezer O. Grosvenor, Jones-
;
HOUSE OF CORRECTION.
Managers.— Hampton Rich, Ionia (1887); John Heffron, Detroit (1889);
Abraham H. Piper, Detroit (1891).
STATE INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
—
Officees. War'den, Erwin C. Watkins; Deputy Warden, J. Q. Cressy;
Treasiirer.P. D. Cutler; Clerk, R. D. Sessions; Physician, A. B. Way, M. D,;
Chaplain, Kev. H. O. Parker.
Located at Ionia in 1877. Cost, $250,000. Running expenses last fiscal
year, |125,520; earnings from convict labor, $50,000. Number of inmates, 750;
employes, 37.
SOLDIERS' HOME.
Managers. —His Excellency the Governor (Chairman, ex-offleio) M. Brown
;
STATE ASSOCIATIONS.
State Pioneer Society.— President Henry Fralick, Grand Rapids;
Recording Secretary, Mrs. Harriet A. Tenney, Lansing; Correspo7iding Secre-
tary, George H. Greene, Lansing; Treasurer, Ephraim Longyear, Lansing;
Executive Committee, the President, ex-officio, John C. Holms, Detroit, Albert
Miller, Bay City, Francis A. Dewey, Cambridge; Committee of Historians,
the President, ex-officio, M. Shoemaker (Chairman), Jackson, T. E. Wing,
Monroe, O. O. Comstock. Marshall, M. H. Goodrich, Ann Arbor, Wilber J.
Baxter, Jonesville, Mrs. Harriet A. Tenney, Lansing.
State appropriation, general fund, $500; publication fund, $2,000; volumes
issued, six. Next annual meeting and election June 9, 1886, at Lansing.
State Teachers' Association.—Pres?v?e?if, David Howell, Lansing; 1st
Vice-President, E. C. Thompson, Albion; 2rf Vice-President, J. G. Plowman,
White Pigeon; Secretan/, George Barnes, Howell; Executive Committee.
J. W. Ewing, Ionia, W. H. Payne, Ann Arbor, A. E. Haynes, Hillsdale, C. F,
R. Bellows, Ypsilanti, Lucy A. Chittenden, Ann Arbor, Hamilton King,
Olivet, J. M. B. Sill, Detroit, S. G. Burkhead, Saginaw City, Ellen Dean,
Grand Rapids.
Number of actual paying members, 175; teachers in attendance last meet-
ing, 500. Next meeting will be held at Lansing after Christmas, 1886.
State Association op Superintendents of the Voon.—President, D.
B. Green, Ypsilanti; Vice-President, A. O. Hyde, Marshall; Secretary, S. S.
Dryden, Allegan; Treasurer, Isaac Lewis, Monroe.
Meets at Jackson in 1887.
State Agricultural Society.— President, William Chamberlain.Three
Oaks; Secretary, Joe C. Sterling, Monroe; Treasurer, A. J. Dean, Adrian.
£;.r-P?'esidenis—M. Shoemaker, Jackson; James Bailey, Birmingham; W^ J.
Baxter, Jonesville; George W. Griggs, Grand Rapids; Chas. Kipp, St. Johns;
E. O. Humphrey, Kalamazoo; W. L. Webber, East Saginaw; George W.
Phillips,Romeo; Henry Fralick, Grand Rapids; Philo Parsons, Detroit.
Executive Committee (1887)— William Ball, Hamburgh; A. 0. Hyde, Marshall;
W. H. Cobb, Kalamazoo; E. W. Rising, Davison Station; J. P. Shoemaker,
Amsden; I. H. Buttertield, Jr., Lapeer; John Lessiter, Jersey; M. J. Gard,
Volinia; J. C. Sharp, Jackson; James M. Turner, Lansing; (1888)— Abel
Angel, Bradbury; D. W. Howard, Pentwater; H. O. Hanford, Plymouth; F.
L. Reed, Olivet; A. F. Wood, Mason; Franklin Wells, Constantino; J. Q. A.
Burrington, Tuscola; M. P. Anderson, Midland; John Gilbert, Ypsilanti; C.
W. Young, Paw Paw.
Twenty-eighth annual fair will be held at Kalamazoo, September 13 to 17,
1886. Election of officers on fourth day.
Eastern Michigan Agricultural and Mechanical Association.—
President, Henry F. Horner, Canton; Vice-Presidents, John W. Naury, Supe-
rior, and Orson A. Sober, Superior; Secretary, Frank Joslyn, Ypsilanti;
Treasurer, William Campbell, Ann Arbor; Executive Committee— \\ H. Haw-.
kins, Ypsilanti; Henry F. Horner, Canton; Loren Riggs, Van Buren; James
M. Cress, Manchester; P. H. Murray, Salem; E. P. Harper, Lodi; John S.
Nowlind, Ann Arbor; Elmer S. Cushman, Webster; John B. Berdan, Ply-
mouth; Wm. H. Lowden, Augusta; W. W. Van Dyne, York; John G. Rooke,
Superior; Charles H. Roberts. Pittsfield; David M. Uhl, Ypsilanti.
Fifteenth annual fair at Ypsilanti, September 21 to 24, 1886. Election of
officers on last day.
Central Michigan Agricultural Society.— Pres/rt<'n/, E. H. Whitney,
Lansing; Secretary, Ben B. Baker, Lansing Treasurer, D. F. Woodcock, Lan-
;
CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS.
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
Diocese of Detroit.— i?/s/iop, Rt. Rev. Caspar H. Borgess, D. D., Detroit,
Vicar General and Chancellor, Very Rev. Hennaert, Detroit; Vicar Oenend;
Very Rev. Edward Joos, Monroe; Secretary, Rev. M. J. P. Dempsey Com- ;
FIRST REGIMENT.
Field and Staff.— Colonel, D. Henry McComas, Lansing; Lieutenant-
Colonel,Benjamin F. Wheeler, Adrian; Major, Elmer W. Bowen, Ypsilanti;
Surgeon, Charles M. Woodward, Tecumseh; Ass' t Surgeon, Thomas Sullivan,
Ann Arbor; Adjutant, William P. Appleyard, Lansing; Quartermaster,
Harrison Soule, Jackson.
s
MICHIGAN STATE TKOOPS.-Continued.
FOURTH REGIMENT.
Field and Staff.— Colonel, Eugene Robinson, Detroit; Lieutenant-
Colonel, J. Sheahan, Detroit; Sur-
August Goebel, Detroit; Major, Patrick
geon, JamesB. Book, Detroit; Assistant Surgeon, John E. Clark, Detroit;
Chaplain, Q. Mott Williams, Detroit; Adjutant, J. Irvin Haight, Detroit;
Quarterrnaster, Frederick W. Brede, Detroit.
a
THE STATE FINANCES.-Coi
Board of Corrections and Charities
Board of Fish Commissioners . .
GOVEENOES OF MICHIGAN.— Continued. APPOINTED.
Phillippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil 1703
Charles le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil 1725
Charles, Marquis de Beauharnois 1726
Holland Michel Barrin, Comte de la Galissonniere 1747
Jacques Pierre de Taffanel, Marquis de la Jonguiere 1749
Charles le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil 1752
Le Marquis Duquesne de Menneville 1752
Pierre Francois, Marquis de Vandreuil-Cavagnal 1755
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NATIONAL BANKS
And their condition at the close
Albion
Allegan
First National
First National
Bank
Bank
— Samuel V. Irwin
Benj. D. Pritchard. .
H. M. Dearing.
Leon Chichester
.
NATIONAL BANKS OF
PLACE. NAME OF BANK. PKESIDENT. CASHIER.
Mt. Clemens. Mt. Clemens Savings Bk. Oliver Chapaton Geo. A. Skinner.
Mt. Pleasant! Commercial Bank Ammi W. Wright John A. Harris..
Oxford Oxford Savings Bank.... John D. Hagerman. C. E.Stanton....
Port Huron. Commercial Bank C. A.Ward John W. Porter
Port Huron Savings Bk.. Henry McMorran Harrington
C. F.
St. Joseph . Union Banking Co. Bank Francis Jordan
.
O. O.Jordan
W. Bay City. Lumberman's State Bk S.O.Fisher H.H.Norrington
Wyandotte. Wyandotte Savings Bk. John S. Van Alstyne.
.
W. Van Miller..
32
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An analysis of the traffic shows an equivalent of 964 million passen-
gers carried one mile, the average distance traveled by each passenger being
30.89 miles and the average fare paid $1.05. The total freight ton mileage
was 6,164 millions, the average ton haul being 168.97 miles, for which the
average amount received was $1.53, or .904 cents per mile. The chief com-
modities moved were „, „,
Merchandise and articles n. e. s 7,894,907 tons; 21.64 per cent.
Lumber and forest products 7,223,005 " 19.79
Grain 5,417,665 " 14.88 "
Coal 5,117,345 " 14.02
Ores and mineral products 3,764,063 " 10.32 ';
37
. 1 1 11
1
t || 158.6
335.0
Detroit 1
|| iGaines (Station)'! t 7 Ionia ....lit J 124.0
:
Pontiac t
ji 25.7;Owosso
J!
i-:: 78.7 Grand Rapids.. tf 157.5
II |1
Waterford 1
|1 33.5:Ovid lit:: 7lBerlin tt 166.5
Clarkston H + t 3i.2Shepardsville...U+:: 91.5;Coopersville t 172.5 ||
Davisburg t ±
|l
41. 5,St. Johns fit:: 98.0'Nunica lit: 179.7
Holly Iltl 46.5Fowler ,.ll t:: 107. 5 Spring Lake.... t: •186.2 II
Linden t % 55.2lMuir
|| 1 117.7 Gx and Haven..!|t: 189.0
|1
Fowlerville t ||
60.0 Webber's 116.3|HowardCity....i| t:: 160.6
;
STANTON BRANCH.
Ionia Iltt .... Stanton 1 1 24.2 Blanchard II t 41.7
Stanton Junction... t 4.2 Wood's Mill.. ...ll26 OLMillbrook t 44.3
Wood's Corners t 8.4 Slaght's Mill. t 26.4'Remus t 48.3
Shiloh tf 10.7 McBride's tt 28.6 Mecosta t: 52.8
Fenwick 30.3 Rodney.
Sheridan
Wagers
ti 13.8 Nelson.
Iltt 18.3 Graffville
H 19.1 Edmore
If 31.3 Chippewa Lake...tt
tt 32.6 Marshfield II
59.1
61.3
—
Fish Creek Branch.. 21.2 Wyman tt 35.8 Big Rapids 1 1 67.5 i;
SAGINAW DIVISION.
St. Louis tt
lit rVescaburg
....rVesca' 1 1 16.7 Sumnerville If 28.4
Alma if
lit Rockland
3.5Rockl 11 19 3 Six Lakes + i 28.9
Elwell .11 ar Lake
8.1 Cedar ft 20 Belvidere 11 31.3
Seville .11 9.1West'isMill 11 21 7 Lake View tt 35
Riverdale 1 1 11-8 Edmore 23.31
DETKOIT, MACKINAC & MAEQUETTE.
OFFICERS—President, James McMillan, Detroit; Secretary and Treas-
urer, Hugh McMillan, Detroit; Auditor and Receiving Cashier, E. W.
Allen, Marquette; General Superintendent, A.. Watson, Marquette; Mechan-
ical Superintendent, John B. Wilson, Marquette; General Passenger and
Ticket Agent, E. W. Allen, Marquette. American Express.
Pt. St. Ignace.
t . H
MICHIGAN CENTRAL.
OFFICERS.—PreszYZeni and General Manager, H. B. Ledyakd, Detroit:
Vice-President and Secretary, E. D. WORCESTEli, New York; General Counsel,
Ashley Pond, Detroit; Treasurer, Henry Pratt, New York; Auditor, D.
A. Waterman, Detroit; General Superintendent, E. C. Brown, Detroit; Chief
Engineer, J. D. HAWKS, Detroit; General Passenger and Ticket Agent, O. W.
Ruggles, Chicago; Gen'l Freight Agent, A. Mackay, Chicago; Purchasing
Agent, ALLAN BouRN, Detroit. American Express.
MAIN LINE.
Buffalo, N.Y.. tl II
251.0 Leoni tf 68.4Comstock tilt 139.7
Michigan Centred % 71.7 Kalamazoo |j t j 143.6
Detroit II tl Jackson June t 74.7 Ostemo tt 149.3
Springwells |
t 3.0 Jackson 1 75.7Mattawan
1| || tt 156.0
JunctionYard t 4.0 Trumbull's (Sand- Lawton |i 1 160.0
Detroit Stock Yds..t stone?. O.). .t H t 80.0 White Oaks
. H 162.4
Dearborn 1| 1 i6".3 Parma 1 86.4 Decatur II
tt 167.8
Inkster Ij t 13.6 North Concord... II 89.3Glenwood 1 Ht 172.6
WayneJc.(AVayne)|i+t 18.0 Bath Mills tif 92.3Dowagiac || 1 179.0
Dentou 1 24.9 Albion 1 J 96.0Pokagon
|1
+ t 185.0
Ypsilanti 1| tj 29.5 Marengo tt 101.2 Niles II tt 191.5
Geddes t 33.3 Marshall 1 107.8 Buchanan
II || 1 198.0
Ann Arbor 1| t 37.4Ceresco tUt 113.0 Dayton + t 202.2
Delhi t 42.6Wheattteld + 114.5 Galien It 205.2
Scio H 44.3Nichols t 120.1 Avery H t 209.0
Dexter 1| t 47.0,BattleCreek....|l tt 120.6 Three Oaks tt 211.0
Chelsea 1 54.4 Bedford tf 126.4 New Buffalo. ... || tt 218.0
Francisco 1 61.2|Augusta i| tt 130.4'
Grass Lake 11 1 65.4iGalesburg i t 134.8 Chicago. III...' +t 285.5
AIR LINE DIVISION.
Jackson 1| 1 |Burlington T| 37.0 Jones 78.7
..II
Ft. Wayne Switch.. 0.5 Union City |1 tt 41.4 Newburg 80.1
.11
Snyder's II S.OSherwood tt 48.3 Vandalia .tt84.6
Spring Arbor Ij t 10 3Colon tt 53.5 Diamond Lake ..IT 87.6
Concord t J 14.6 Wasepi || tt 60.4 Forest Hall .... ..IT
88.7
Pulaski U 18.6Centreville 1 64.0 Cassopolis tt«9-7
Homer || 1 23.6 Three Rivers... II 1 t 69.2Dailey .tt 94.0
Clarendon H t 26.7Fabius 11 73.9 Barron Lake... ..11 99.3
Tekonsha 1 33.2Corey 1 1; t 76.6Niles tt 103.4
Osborn's IT 35.0
44
— . 11 11 . 1
.
MICHIGAN CENTRAL.—Continued.
GRAND RAPIDS DIVISION.
Jackson |1 1 iChester t 89.9 Irving H t 69 2
Van Horn it 6.0 Vermontville . . . . 1 45.9Middleville ft 72.8
Rives June
Arland
1 1 10.5 Nashville
Morgan
U 49.6 Parmelee
54.4iCaledonia
Hf
tt
75 .9
78,9
H t 14.5 ±
Onondaga t i 17.3 Thorn Apple H 55.4Dutton tf 83.6
Eaton Raiiids... II 1 24.0Qiiimby 1 57.5Bowen H 87.4
Charlotte || tj 34.6 Hastings || 1 ei.SlGrand Rapids.. tt II
93.9
MACKINAW DIVISION.
Bay City tt ||
Welch Rondo ,
141.1
West Bay City.. ft II
1.1 West Branch... II t Indian River • tt 147.9
1
Kawkawlin t 4.8 Ogemaw(Springs)t Topinabee... 153.5
Linwood t 10.7 Beaver Lake t || Bush villa . .. 156.2
State Road (Michie St.Helen t Mullet Lake 159.9
P.O.) t 15 2 Roscommon 1 . . . . || Cheboygan 1
. 165.7
.
II. .
SAGINAW DIVISION.
Jackson || t :: Laingsburg tt 51. 8Paines tt || 95.0
Van Horn '
6.0 Bennington it ^8. 1 Saginaw City... tt II 99.5
Rives Junction. . t 10.4 Owosso Juno *
t 63. 3 Sag. Branch June. * 100.5
Leslie 1 15.2 Owosso tt II
63. 6 North Saginaw 101.0
Eden ft 20.3 Henderson Ht 69. 7F. ifr P. M. Junc....t 101.7
Mason II 1 24.5 Oakley tt 73. 7Carrolton H: 102 9
Holt t:: 30.0 Chesaning t:: 77. 7 Zilwaukee I :; 104.4
Lansing || t :; 36.6 Fergus ^\t S2. 1 Brooks 1 110.9
ISorth Lansing 37.5 St. Charles 85. 5 Salzburg
•
1 || H:; 111.8
Chandler's H 42.0 Garfiel d Eastwood) 1
( 89 2 West Bay City. t:: . II 113.1
Bath tt 44.7 Swan Creek V 91. 7 Bay City t:: || 114.2
TOLEDO DIVISION.
Detroit II tt Sunnyside Stony Creek 30.5
Springwells Grosse Isle 1 Frenchtown 33.9
Woodmere Stony Island t Warner 34.2
Ecorces Slocum June + Monroe || t 35.2
Wyandotte. Gibraltar HJ La Salle t H 40.0
Sibley's South Rockwood.t t Vienna t 44.7
Trenton. . Newport t U t Toledo, O . tt 59.3
II
MINERAL RANGE.
OFFICERS.—President, Charles E. Holland, Hancock; Secretary and
Treasurer, C. A. Wright, Hancock; General Freight and Passenger Agent,
W. H. Carr, Hancock. American Express.
Hancock
Swedntown
Franklin
PORT HURON & NORTHWESTERN.-Continued.
SAND BEACH DIVISION.
Saginaw June... 1 1
II
Anderson (Applegate Cooley Road (Cedar
Grant Center (Blaine P.O.) T^20 Dale P.O.) 111373^
P.O.) Ht 2^ Pack's Mills if 22 Palms (Station)..!! 1 1 39?^
Jeddo IT:: 5 Carsouville || t T 25^ Minden(City)....!ltf 44
Amadore ij:: 8 Wilbur Koad (Bridge- Adams' Corners (Ruth
Croswell || t f 14 hampton P. 0.)..11 t 291:5^ P.O.) 11147^
Odlam T 16 Downing (ton) 1 3234 Sand Beach
1 t f 58 I!
where it bends sharply south and then east, enclosing with the Canada shore
the deep basin of Tequamenon Bay, from which St. Mary's strait flows into
Lake Huron. The Huron shore westward to Mackinaw strait is broken and
islet-bordered. The northern shore-line of Lake Michigan is irregular
westward to Green Bay which opens at its northwest corner and the greater
part of which belongs to Michigan. It presents more rugged and pictur-
esque features than the Lower Peninsula as a result of its geological form-
ation, composed of four of the oldest series of rocks, the lower Silurian,
the copper-bearing rocks, the Huronian or iron-bearing series, and the Lau-
rentian series. A noted feature of the latter is the sandstone bluff, thirty
miles west of Sault Ste. Marie, known as Pictured Rocks, variously colored
and worn by the waters into grotesque forms resembling castles, temples,
arches, colonades, etc., presenting indeed a gorgeous appearance from the
steamer's deck. For about twelve miles these rocks rise to a height of 200 to
300 feet. East of Marquette the watershed does not exceed an elevation of
400 feet, and the Peninsula is covered with forests, mostly of soft woods.
West of that meridian are irregular mountain ranges mostly trending east-
northeast and west-southwest, with intervening lakes and swamps, and at-
taining a height of 1,400 feet above Lake Superior. The soil of the Upper
Peninsula is comparatively sterile but its western portion contains most of
the mineral wealth of the State.
Land and water are well distributed in Michigan, the latter not only
enhancing the beauty of the scenery but also materially modifying the cli-
mate. Besides the great lakes which give the State a shore line of 1,620
miles, exclusive of the bays, there are more than 5,000 smaller lakes having
an aggregate area of 712,864 acres. Among the most important are Manis-
tique, Agogebic, Torch and Michigamme in the Upper Peninsula, and Hough-
ton, Higgins, Hubbard, Mullet, Burt's and Grand Lakes in the Lower Pe-
ninsula. A chain of connecting lakes entered from Grand Traverse Bay is
uagivable for eighty miles. The State has 179 islands exceeding an acre in
extent and having a total area of 405 square miles. Royale and Grand in Lake
Superior; Marquette, Mackinac and Bois Blanc in Lake Huron, and the
Beaver, Fox and Manitou groups in the northern part of Lake Michigan,
are the principal ones. The chief rivers are the Ontonagon and Tequam-
enon, flowing into Lake Superior the Cheboygan, Au Sable and Saginaw
;
falling into Lake Huron; and the St. Joseph, Muskegon, Manistee, Grand
Traverse and Escanaba which empty into Lake Michigan.
HISTORICAL.
Early in the seventeenth century the hardy and adventurous French voy-
agers and Jesuit missionaries coasted her shores and trod the solitude of
her primeval forests, and over her for a hundred and fifty years France,
through Canadian governors, claimed the right of eminent domain. It was
56
not, however, until Pare Jaques Marquette founded in 1668 his mission at
Saulte Ste. Marie that a white settlement was actually made upon her soil,
though for untold centuries the Indians and their predecessors, whom we
call the Mound-Builders, had peopled her forest glades. On the 24th of July.
1701, La Motte Cadillac founded Detroit, and colonization and civil govern-
ment began. With Canada it was surrendered to England in September,
1760, and the expulsion of the French was the signal for Pontiac's war of
extermination against the whites, lasting for several years and rendered
memorable by the siege of Detroit and the massacre of the little garrison of
Fort Michillimackinac. The English hauled down their red-cross banner
on the 1st of July, 1796, and Michigan, still an unbroken wilderness, save at
Detroit and Mackinac, became a part of the Northwest Territory of the
United States. In 1800 the Northwest Territory was divided, the north
and south dividing line running a few miles west of Mackinac and the
eastern part becoming Indiana Territory. Two years later Ohio was ad-
mitted into the Union as a State and all of Michigan became part of Indi-
ana Territory and so remained until July 1, 1805, when the Territory of
Michigan was created, with Detroit as its seat of government.
The Territory of Michigan, according to the organic act, consisted of the
region lying between Lfilce Michigan on the west and the British possessions
on the east and north and extended as far south as a line drawn eastward
from the southern point of Lake Michigan to Lake Erie. In 1816 a strip ten
miles wide was given up to Indiana. Two years later the Territory was re-
organized and made to embrace all of the present States of Michigan and
Wisconsin, that part of Minnesota lying east of the Mississippi and a strip
of land six miles wide now included in Ohio. In 1834 her western boundary
was extended to the Missouri and White Earth rivers and included all of the
present States of Minnesota and Iowa and a large part of Dakota. In 1835 she
knocked at the doors of the Union with a Constitution which was accepted
by Congress on the 15th of June, 1836, on condition that she acceded to
the claims of Ohio upon the strip of land above mentioned. A bitter contro-
versy had raged for thirty years upon this subject and the condition was
rejected by the first convention but finally accepted by a second, and on the
26th of January, 1837, Michigan, with her present boundaries, was formally,
by act of Congress, declared one of the United States.
In the meantime the second war with Great Britain had been fought and
the infant Territory had suffered severely. Brig. Gen. William Hull, then
Governor of the Territory, invaded Canada, but was obliged to fall back to
Detroit, and upon the arrival of Gen. Brock surrendered to him, August 16,
1812, the city and Territory as well as his little army. The British captured
Mackinac and Frenchtown and with their Indian allies overran and devas-
tated the country generally. They were finally expelled by Gen. Harrison
and a treaty made with the Indians in 1814. In the same year Hull was court-
martialed at Albany for his surrender of Detroit and sentenced to be shot,
but in consideration of his distinguished Revolutionary services, as well as
his advanced age, the sentence was remitted. While still a Territory, the In-
dian title to the southern peninsula, and to a great part of the upper penin-
sula, was extinguished by various treaties and the lands peacefully thrown
open to white settlers.
When Michigan was admitted to the Union as the thirteenth State since
the adoption of the Constitution, with Lucius Lyon and John Norvell for her
Senators and Isaac E. Crary for her single Representative, she had a white
population of 174,061, an increase of nearly 100 per cent, in three years.
Wayne, with 23,400, including Detroit, was then the most populous county.
Washtenaw county had less than 22,000 inhabitants and Kent but 2,022. Ing-
ham and Saginaw had each less than 1,000 and Bay was still unorganized.
Ne xt to^Vay ne and Washtenaw, the counties of Oakland, Lenawee and Monroe
had the largest population and none others reached 10,000. The immigration
was chiefly from the State of New York, though many came from New Eng-
land and from Ohio, and almost all by sailing vessels on Lake Erie. Agri-
culture was then almost the sole pursuit. Manufactures were in their
infancy and traders were few. There was no mining and no market for the
timber felled by the pioneer in his clearing. The reports of the first survey-
ors sent to the Territory were extremely unfavorable and retarded its
settlement for many years. The soil was represented as marshy, barren and
worthless, and the climate as very harsh and unhealthy. The experience of
the early settlers, however, particularly when the rich low-grounds began
to b'3 drained and reclaimed, produced, though slowly, a better impression,
and after the first quarter of the century immigration became more rapid.
From 1820 to 1830 the population increased 261 per cent, and in the next de-
cade 571 per cent.
The construction of railroads, which began in 1836, vastly increased the
facilities for travel and transportation and gave a great impetus, not only to
immigration and settlement but also to trade, commerce, agriculture and
manufactures. By 1840 the tide of settlement had swept entirely across the
lower peninsula and extended as far north as the Saginaw River. Besides
Detroit, Grand Haven and Lansing appeared on the map^ and a little colony
held the outpost at the Straits of Mackinaw. With the increase of popula-
tion in the interior grew the demand for a more central location of the seat
of government and, by legislative act of March 16, 1847, the caiiital was re-
moved from Detroit to Lansing. In 1850 was adopted a new Constitution,
which, with subsequent amendments, is still in force. For the first time the
census maps this year showed the towns of Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Aun
Arbor, Saginaw and Port Huron. The limits of settlement had not materi-
ally enlarged but within them population had become more dense.
The next decade marked a still greater increase, not only in population,
but still more in wealth and the diversification of industry. The population
had risen to three quarters of a million, an increase of 88.3 per cent, since
1850. In rank of population she had risen from the twenty-sixth to the six-
teenth State in the Union. She produced an average of more than nineteen
bushels of wheat to the acre and was beginning to be known as the great
winter-wheat State. It was discovered that the climate of the Lake Michi-
gan slope of the Lower Peninsula was peculiarly favorable to fruit-raising
and the product of her rapidly increasing orchards and vineyards surprised
the Eastern horticulturist. The lathe, the loom and the hammer were heard
in her busy, thriving cities. Her commerce whitened the great inland seas.
New industries had been developed by the demand for her uuequaled sup-
plies of timber, and by the discovery and development of the coal, salt and
plaster deposits of the lower peninsula and the marvelously pure iron and cop-
per of the upper peninsula, Michigan had ceased to be purely agricultural
and had become also a great manufacturing, mining and commercial State.
Politically, Michigan was carried by the Democrats down to 1852, save in
the famous Log-Cabin campaign of 1840, when she gratefully remembered
the services of General Harrison in her behalf and gave him her electoral
vote. Her support of Polk in 1814 was emphasized three years later by her
contribution of eleven companies of volunteer infantry, a company of regu-
lar dragoons and three companies of regular infantry to the United States
army during the Mexican war, in which they distinguished themselves by
faithful, efficient and gallant services. The progress of anti-slavery senti-
ment was, however, steady and rapidly crystallized during the Kansas
struggle of 1854-56. In the latter year she gave 20,001) majority for Fremont
and has ever since cast her electoral votes for the Republican presidential
candidates. When the struggle came for the preservation and supremacy of
the national Union, she was full of enthusiastic, unwavering loyalty.
Austin Blair was then Governor, Zachariah Chandler and Jacob M. Howard
her Senators, and Fernando C. Beamen, Bradley F. Granger, Francis W.
Kellogg and llowland E. Trowbridge her Representatives. She turned her
wealth into sacrificial gold and her harvest fields, her mines and her forests
yielded armed men. The State and the counties, cities and townships paid
out for bounties, premiums, relief of soldiers' families and other war pur-
poses, $16,548,992. She contributed to the United States armies during the war
90,747 men, of whom 358 officers and 14,497 enlisted men were killed in battle or
died of wounds or disease. As a State she was but twenty-four years of age
and her population was only three-quarters of a million, but through four
years of war she played an important part both in the cabinet and the field.
On the return of peace her war-worn veterans returned to find their
mother-state entering upon a new and remarkable career of prosperity.
The salt wells of the Saginaw valley were proving profitable and were being
rapidly developed. The pine forests were yielding to still more vigorous
assaults. The iron mines of the Ui^per Peninsula were sending to the blast
furnaces an annually increasing tribute that supplanted foreign imi)orta-
tions and won the first rank as the king of metals. The discovery of the
famous Calumet conglomerate in 1865 had given a new and greater impetus
to copper mining, and the increase in the production of this valuable metal
was no less wonderful than that of iron. With this marvelous and almost
simultaneous development of the mineral and forest resources of the State
came a stimulated yet healthy growth in her commerce, her interior trade
and her manufactures. And scarcely impeded by the two subsequent periods
of national financial stringency and distress, her progress in the path of
material prosperity has been steady and invariable, and her increased
wealth has been accompanied by all the elements of a free, intelligent,
happy and christian commonwealth.
In 1880 Michigan ranked as the eleventh State in area, the ninth in pop-
ulation, the twelfth in wealth and the sixth in popular education. It stood
first in the value of iron ore production, copper, lumber and salt, fourth in
number of sheep and production of wheat and buckwheat, and ninth in value
of manufactures and production of barley and oats. The annual value of
her iron, copper, lumber and salt products now reaches the enormous sum of
seventy-five millions of dollars.
A full and satisfactory history of the Peninsula State yet remains to be
written, but the materials for it are of great fullness and value. Judge
Campbell's 0?/fZi)!es of the Political History of Michigan (Detroit, 1876), and
Judge Cooley's recent Michigan; a History of Governments, in the Ameri-
can Commonwealth series of Houghton, Mifflin & Co., are, despite their lim-
itations, very interesting and valuable. The four volumes of the Geology of
Michigan form a rich storehouse of facts of the material resources of the
State and only need the publication of a fifth for their complete presenta-
tion. Roland D. Irving's monograph on the Copper-bearing Bocks of Lake
Superior, published by the U, S. Geological Survey, is a valuable contribu-
tion to scientific knowledge.
58
f
Mackinac Island.
feasts his eyes on the Druidical circles of ancient stones; the invalid sits on
the cJitf's edge, in the vivid sunshine, and breathes in the buoyant air with
delight, or rides slowly over the old military roads, with the spicery of cedars
and juniper alternating with the fresh forest odors of young maples and
beeches. The haunted birches abound and on the crags grow the weird
larches, beckoning with their long fingers— the most human tree of all.
Bluebells, on their hair-like stems, swing from the rocks, fading at a touch,
and in the deep woods are the Indian pipes, but the ordinary wild-flowers
are not to be found. Over toward the British Landing stand the Gothic spi res
of the blue-green spruces and now and then an Indian trail crosses the
road, worn deep by the feet of the red men when the Fairy Island was their
favorite and sacred resort."
On the edge of a perpendicular precipice of white limestone, a hundred
and fifty-five feet high, just back of the town, is the fort which, in pictur-
esque beauty of location, has no rival among all the fortresses of the United
States. Its position somewhat resembles that of Fort Snelling, but is much
more romantic. Magnificent views of the surrounding lakes, channels,
islands, promontories, forests, towns and shipping are to be had from every
point on the lofty parapet; and the world affords no grander sight than a
sunrise or sunset from the fort, the great globe of crimson and gold seeming
at its rising to burst up from the bosom of Lake Huron and at its setting to
plunge into the midst of Lake Michigan, casting a million prismatic tints
of glorious light on wave and sky. It was of one of these gorgeous sunset
scenes that Longfellow wrote:
"Can it be the sun descending Staining all the waves with crimson
O'er the level plain of water? With the crimson of its life-blood;
Or the Red Swan floating, flying, Filling all the air with splendor —
plumage ?"
_
Wounded by the magic arrow, With the splendor of its
POPULATION OF MICHIGAN.
ITS TNCREASE.
The following table shows the population of Michigan at decennial
periods, according to the United States census, the rate of increase, rank in
population among the States and Territories, etc.
TEAK.
:
YEAES.
The following table sho^ Fs the annual production and value up to Decem-
ber 31, 1881 the returns for 1885 being still incomplete:
FARM STATISTICS OF MICHIGAN, 1879-84.
COMPILED BY HON. H. A. CONANT, SECBETARY OF STATE.
STATISTICS OF MICHIGAN FAEMS, 1884.— Continued.
COUNTIES.
FRESIDENTIAL VOTE.
.
-6
COUNTIES.
St.Joseph .
Tuscola
Van Buren .
Washtenaw.
Wayne
Wexford....
Total.
VOTE FOR EEPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
FIRST PISTEICT.
VOTE FOR REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS—Continued.
FIFTH DISTEICT.
VOTE FOR REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. -Continued.
NINTH DISTRICT.
VOTE FOR GOVERNOR.
VOTE FOR GOVERNOR.— Continued.
. 1
TERM TERM
ALABAMA. expires LOUISIANA. EXPIRES
John T. Morgan D. 18=9 Randall L. Gibson D. 1889
James L. Pugh D. 1891 James B. Eustis D. 1891
ARKANSAS. MAINE.
James H. Berry D. 1889 Eugene Hale R. 1887
James K. Jones D. 1891 William P. Frye R. 1889
CALIFORNIA. MARYLAND.
John F. Miller R. 1887 Arthur P. Gorman D. 1887
Leland Stanford R. 1891 E. K. Wilson D. 1891
COLORADO. MASSACHUSETTS.
Thomas M. Bowen R. 1889 Henry L. Dawes R. 1887
Henry M. Teller R. 1891 George F. Hoar R. 1889
CONNECTICUT. MICHIGAN.
Joseph R. Hawley R. 1887 Omar D. Conger R. 1887
Orville H. Piatt R. 1891 Thomas W. Palmer R. 1889
DELAWARE. MINNESOTA.
George A. Gray D. 1887 Samuel J. B. McMillan R. 1887
Eli Saulsbury D. 1889 Dwight M. Sabin R. 1889
FLORIDA. MISSISSIPPI.
Charles W. Jones D. 1887 James Z. George D. 1887
Wilkinson Call D. 1891 Edward C. Walthal D. 1889
GEORGIA. MISSOURI.
Alfred H. Colquitt D. 1889 Francis M. Cockrell D. 1887
Joseph E. Brown D. 1891 George G. Vest D. 1891
ILLINOIS. NEBRASKA.
Shelby M. Cullom R. 1889 Charles H. Van Wyck R. 1887
John A. Logan R. 1891 Charles F. Manderson R. 1889
INDIANA. NEVADA.
Benjamin Harrison R. 1887 James G. Fair D. 1887
Daniel W. Voorhees D. 1891 John P. Jones R. 1891
IOWA. NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Jnmes F.Wilson R. 1809 Austin F. Pike R. 1889
William B. Allison R. 1891 Henry W. Blair R. 1891
KANSAS. NEW JERSEY.
Preston B. Plumb R. 1889 William J. Sewell R. 1887
John J. Ingalls R. 1891 John R. McPherson D. 1889
KENTUCKV. NEW YORK.
James B. Beck D. 18S9 Warner Miller R. 1887
Joseph C. S. Blackburn D. 1891 William M. Evarts R. 1891
49th CONGRESS-THE SENATE.-Continued.
SOUSE OF EEPRESENTATIVES.-Continued.
KANSAS. MISSISSIPPI.
Edmund N. MorrillH R John M. Allen D
Edward H. Funstonii R James B. Morgan D
Bishop W. Perkinsjl R Thomas C. Catchings D
Thomas Ryanll R Frederick C. Barry D
John A. Andersonll R OthoR. Singletonil D
Lewis Hanback;, R Henry S. Van Eatonll D
Samuel R. Peters,, R Ethelbert Barksdalell D
KENTUCKY. MISSOURI.
William J. Stone D William H. Hatchll D
Polk Laffoon D John B. Hale D
JohnE. Halsell; D Alexander M. Dockeryij D
Thomas A. Robertson|| D James N. Burnes|| D
Albert S Willisli D William Warner R
JohnG. Carlisle,! D JohnT. Heard D
Wm. C. P. Breckenridge D John E. Hutton D
James B. McCreary D John J. O'Neillll D
William H. Wadsworth R John M. Glover D
William P. Taulbee D Martin L. Clardy |1 D
Frank L. WolfordU D Richard P. Blandjl D
William J. Stone D
LOUISIANA. William H. Wade R
Louis St. Martin D
William Dawson D
Michael Hahn R NEBRASKA.
Edward J. Gay D Archibald J. Weaverll R
Newton C. Blanchardll D James Laird I
R
J. Floyd Kingll D George W. E. Dorsey R
Alfred B. Irion D NEVADA.
MAINE. William Woodburn R
Thomas B. Reed|| R NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Nelson Dingley, Jr|| R Martin A. HaynesH R
Seth L. Millikenli R Jacob H. Gallinger R
Charles A. Boutellell R
NEW JERSEY.
MARYLAND. George Hires R
Charles H. Gibson D James Buchanan R
Frank T.Shaw D Robert S. Green D
William H. Cole D James W. Pidcock D
John V. L. Findlayll D William Walter Phelps|| R
Barnes Compton D Hermann Lehlbach R
Louis £. McComasi! R William McAdooH D
MASSACHUSETTS. NEW YORK.
Perry Belmont|| D
Robert T. Davis|| R Felix Campbellll D
John D. Longll R Darwin R. James|| R
Ambrose A. Ranneyll R Peter P. Mahoney D
Patrick A. Collins|| '.
. . . .D Archibald M. Bliss D
Edward D. Hayden R Nicholas Muller|| D
Henry B. Loveringll D John J. Adamslj D
Eben F. Stonell R Timothy J. Campbell D
Charles H. Allen R Joseph Pulitzer D
Frederick D. Ely R Abram S. Hewitt|| D
William W. Ricej R Truman A. Merriman D
William Whiting|| R Abraham Dowdney D
Francis W. Rockwell|| R Egbert L. Viele D
William G. Stahlnecker D
MICHIGAN. Lewis Beachll D
William C. Mayburyii D John H. Ketchamll R
Nathaniel B. Eldridge;|, D James G. Lindsley R
James O'Donnell 'r Henry G. Burleigh]! R
Julius C. Burrows R John Swinburne R
Charles C. Comstock D George West R
Edwin B. WinanslL. D Frederick A. Johnson|| R
EzraC. Carletonli '.'.'..
"d Abraham X. Parker|i R
Timothy E. Tarsney... D J. Thomas Spriggs|| D
Byron M. CuteheonI! ".
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.-Continued.
of 48th Congress.
a.— Contested by James McCartney, R. c— Died Jan. 24, 1886.
6.—Contested by M. H. Kidd, D
""
77
UNITED STATES OFFICERS IN MICHIGAN.
Sixth Judicial Circuit of the United States is composed of the
States of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky and Tennessee. Justice, Stanley Mat-
thews, Cincinnati Circuit Judge, J o)a.vi. Baxter. Knoxville.
;
as domestic money orders are issued. Those marked t are immediate deliv-
ery offices. The names of presidential post offices are followed by a num-
ber indicating their classification. County seats are indicated by a §. The
list is revised to February 5, 1886.
The salaries of postmasters at offices of the 1st class are $3,000 or more;
2d class, from «2,U00 to $2,900; 3d class, from $1,100 to $1,900; 4th class, not
exceeding $1,000. Postmasters of the 4th class are appointed by the Post-
master General. The others are appointed by the President for a term of
four years and confirmed by the Senate.
Abbott Mason. Ashton OsceolR.lBelleime Eaton.
Abronia Allegan. Assyria Barry. (Belmont Kent.
Abscota Calhoun. ^i/jCHSCalhoun. Bel videre Montcalm.
Acme Grand Traverse. Athlone Monroe. Bengal Clinton.
Ada Kent. Atkins St. Clair. Bennington.. Shiawassee.
Adair St. Clair. Atlanta. .Montmorency. Benona .
Oceana.
Adamsville Gnss.i Atlaiitic Mine i|Houghton. Benson Wexford.
Addison Lenawee. Atlas Genesee. Benton Ha)-bor„'dBeTrien.
Adrian t § 2 ii
Lenawee.
. . .Attica Lapeer. Benzonia §
'
Benzie!
Advance Charlevoix. Atwood Antrim. Berlamont ... Van Buren,
iEtna Newaygo.] Auburn B&y: Berlin Ottawa
Agr'l College Ingham Au Gres Arenac. Berne Huron.
Ainger Eaton. Angusta Kalamazoo. Berrien Centre.. Berrien
Akron Tuscola. Aurelius Ingham. JBer/veji Springs%Z.Ben\<in.
Alabaster Iosco. Au Sable Iosco. Berry ville Otsego.
Alamo Kalamazoo. Austerlitz Kent. Bertrand Berrien.
Alanson Emmet. Austin Oakland. Berville St. Clair.
Alaska Kent. Au Train Alger. Bessemer Ontonagon.
Alba Antrim. Averill Midland. Bethel Branch
Calhoun. Avery
Albion 2
Alcona
Alembic
Alcona. Avondale
Isabella. Ayr
—
Berrien. Big Beaver
..... Osceola. |Big Prairie
.Oakland.
Newaygo.
Emmet. [B/gr Rapids H § .Mecosta.
i:
East Saginaw 1 2 Saginaw. Flat Rock ...._.... Wayne. Grand June. .Van Buren.
||
Ithaca § 3 II
Gratiot. jLeesburgh St. Joseph, . . . Marshall §2.\\
Calhoun. . .
Monroe 3 ||
Monroe.
t § Northport Leelanaw. Partello Calhoun.
North Star
Monroe Centre .Gr'd Traverse. Gratiot. Pavilion Kalamazoo.
MontagueW 3. .Muskegon. North Street. ... St. Clair. Paiv Paw § 3. Van Buren.
. II
Prospect Lake VanBuren. Saint Clair Springs St. Clair. South Grand Blanc .Genesee. . . .
Rattle Run St. Clair. Sa7icl Bench Huron. Spencer's Mill Kent.
\\
KATES OF POSTAGE.
—
First Class. Letters and all other written matter, whether sealed or
unsealed, and all other matter so sealed or fastened that it cannot be easily
examined, two cents per ounce or fraction thereof. Postal cards, one cent
each. These are unmailable with any writing or printing on the address
side except the directions, or with anything pasted upon or attached to them.
Second Class.— Newspapers and periodicals, when sent by publishers or
news agents, two cents per pound or fraction thereof wlien sent by other ;
Insane Asylums 12 :
" Officers in Michigan 78
Iron Mining and Production 63 ''
PostOffices 79-85
Knights of Pythias, Grand Lodge 16 " Senate 74
Lake Shore & Mich. So. Ry .. 34, 36, 42 " Signal Service 2
Legislature (3tth) Apportionment 23 " Supreme Court 74
Lumber Statistics, 1884-85 29 University of Michigan 11
Mackinac Island 59 Vote for Governor, 1882-84 72
Mar.,Houghton & Ont. R.R. 34, 36, 43 " President, 1836-84 68
Masons, Grand Lodge 15 " President, 1880-84 67
Medical Society 14 Representatives,1882-84.69-71
Methodist Episcopal Church 17 StateOfficers 73
Meteorological 2 Wabash, St. L. & Phc. Ry ....35, 36, 47
Merino Sheep Breeders' Asso 14 West. Mich. Ag. and Ind. So 14
Michigan & Ohio R. R 35, 36, 44 Woman's Relief Corps 15
Michigan Central R. R. .34, 36, 37,
. 44 Young Men's Christian Asso'n... 16
Michigan Press Association 48 Young Woman's Christian Asso'n 16
ADVCRTI 5CMENTS.
A Few Michigan Resorts 102 Niagara Fire Insurance Co 104
American Express Co 95 Owen Mineral Well 93
Andrews & Co., A. H 91 Preston Bank, of Detroit 87
Banner Tobacco Co 88 Propeller Messenijer 97
Detroit Foundry Equipment Co. 89 . Russell House, Detroit 91
Detroit Sanitarium 2d p. cover. Sanitariums 2d p. cover and 92
Fidelity Safe Deposit Vaults 87 Spalding&Bros., A. G 90
John Jacob Astor House 91 "The Niagara Falls Route," 103
Land Office, Michigan Central ... 96 Travelers' Life Insurance Co 89
Michigan Central 98-101 Ypsilanti Mineral Spring 92
"Monon Route," 94 Ypsilanti Sanitarium 92
8tj
David Preston, President. W. A. Bercsy, Cashier.
CAMPAU BUILDING.
TransactsaGeneralCommercial^SayiDgsBaiitBnmss
COMMERCIAL PAPER.
GOVERNMENT. STATE. COUNTY. CITY and SCHOOL
DISTRICT BONDS.
FIRST-CLASS MORTGAGE LOANS.
DETROIT, MICH.
MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED
PLUM PUDDING jr
AND
PRAIRIE ROSE,
^CHICr GARLAND. SNOW-FLAKE
AND OTHER BRANDS OF SMOKING.
B. F. HAXTON, M. B. MIIiLS,
Sedy and Gen'l Manager. President.
President, HUGH McMILLAN. Treasurer, W. K ANDERSON.
.
T^ y\ HP T^ O f ^^
:^ouD(lry Equipment k,
MANUFACTURING
DETROIT, MICH.
THE ^ TRAVELERS
life and iccident insuFance lonipany
OF^ HERTFORD, CONN.
ORIGINAL ACCIDENT COMPANY OP AMERICA.
LARGEST IN THE WORLD.
Surplus, --------
Assets, January 1st, 1886,
Paid Policy-Holders,
. - . . $8,417,000.00
2,096,000.00
11,500,000.00
SEND FIFTY CENTS FOR SAMPLE OF No. 5, THE BEST SIZE FOR
PLACK
Andreavs'
^AP^LtOi^* Folding * Beds
30,000 in use. 30 Styles. $20 up.
CELEBRATED
OFFICE^DESKS
OF BEST KILN-DRIED LUMBER.
We claim great superiority. Our Desks are
of improved design and reduced in price
BANK FITTINGS.
Brass and "Wire "Work a Specialty.
Russell House
DETROIT, MICH.
The largest, bestappointed and most liberally managed hotel in Detroit.
Centrally located on Public Square, opposite City Hall and Opera
House, commanding the leading thoroughfares of
the city.
YPSILANTI, MICHIGAN.
ATER from the Owen Well is a real medicine, and unlike
other saline waters, it does not have the effect of salt, and
though brackish, leaves a pleasant after-taste. It will cure
any case or disease usually treated with calomel without the terri-
ble after-effects. Diphtheria, Hemorrhoids and Hay Fever we have
not failed to ciu'e. For Cholera Morbus, Dysentery or Summer
Complaint, try this water, for it is like magic in destroying the
disease and relieving all pain. All Skin Diseases have been treated
with perfect success. This water, though it has great power in
curing disease, is so nicely equalized in its properties that it v, ill
not injure the most delicate person and can he given to a child
without danger. It is a perfect disinfectant and for sponge baths it
has not an equal. It removes dandruff and its use will cleanse the
scalp and prevent the hair from falling out. This water does not
lose its virtue by age, thus enabling us to ship in packages of any
Per barrel,
Half barrel,
---_-.
be obtained at the following prices
------ $8.00
4.50
10-gal. kegs, 3.25
In jugs of five gallons and under at uniform price of twenty
cents per gallon and ten cents per gallon for packages. Price in
bottles pints, $2.00 per dozen quarts, $2.50 per dozen. All orders
:
;
THROUGH BETWEEN
EXPRESS CARS
MONEY ORDERS
Cheap, Safe and Convenient, for any amount from $1.00 to $50.00,
issued at any office of the Company in Nev/ England, Middle and Western
States and are paid at over 6,300 places. Orders can be deposited in bank
same as checks and drafts.
RATES
$5, 5c.; $10.00, Sc; $20. lOc; $30.00. 12c.; $40, 15c.; $50, 20c.
The Michigan Central Railroad, when it acquired the Jackson, Lansing &
Saginaw Railroad, acquired also the Government Land Grant, comprising
in the neighborhood of 600^000 acres in Saginaw,
Bay, Arenac, Ogemaw, Roscommon, Missau-
^ kee, Kalkaska, Crawford, Oscoda, Mont-
fi^ '" morency, Otsego, Antrim, Cheboygan
and Charlevoix coun-
ties. This portion
of the great State
of Michigan con-
tains a fair popu-
lation and is very
rapidly filling up
with thebest class
of settlers from
all parts of the Uni-
ted States and Can-
ada. The comple-
tion of the Michigan
.._^,-.,
""^ ^3^
-,-
^^ »-- "-——J.i'^i^dbT^
^^,
«ju--. C'entral Railroad to Mackinaw
City, passing through about the
.*«-,• ''j^-f^ center of these lands, has given
mile, and for settlers on or near the line of the road the Michigan Central
Railroad will carry household goods and other freight at half regular j
freight rates.
Parties who may wish to look at the lands can also obtain any desired
information from any of the agents of the Company.
The fullest information in regard to climate, crops, taxes, prices of ,
HON. O. M. BARNES,
Land Commissioner,
UANSINGj MICH.
TOIIfAdl^lWA[!pTHE"^00"
CB:EBO^'C3-A.Isr ON
MONDAY, WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY MORNINGS, AT 6.00 O'CLOCK,
FOB
SAULT SAINTE MARIE,
VIA
MACKINAW CITY, ST. IGNACE AND MACKINAC ISLAND,
Calling at Detour, ENCAMPMENT and all points on the Ste. Marie River.
Returning leaves SaultSte. Marie on Tuesdays, Thursdays
and Saturdays, at 6.00 a, m.
with the Michigan Central and Grand Rapids & Indiana at St. Ignace
;
with the Detroit, Mackinac & Marquette R. R. and at Sault Ste. Marie
;
TO THE PUBLIC.
On the issue of this, the revised and enlarged edition of Facts and
Figures about Michigan, the compiler desires to express his appreciation
of the warm reception accorded to the first edition by the newspaper press
and the general public, and of the cordial co-operation of friends through-
out the State in the work of revision, without which success would have
been impossible. United States, State, county and city officers, officials and
agents of railroads and other corporations, editors, lawyers, ministers and
merchants, have, with but few exceptions, responded with gratifying
promptness to our requests for information. To each and all of them we
extend our sincere thanks for their prompt courtesy. Our only regret is that
the failure or neglect of a few has delayed the issue of this volume and
rendered it impossible to complete and tabulate much valuable information
that we had hoped to present. If, however, our little book continues to find
favor in the eyes of the people, we shall hope, with the continued assistance
and co-operation of all persons interested, to make each successive issue still
fuller, better and more attractive.
THE COMPILER.
3 PALACE SLEEPING
AND
PARLOR CARS.
J ?: H SUMPTUOUS MEALS
DINING CARS.
C. BRO^VTS", O. W. RTJQQLES, liEDYARD,
Gen'l Supt., Gen'l Passenger and Tkt. Agt., Pres. and Gen'l Manager,
DETROIT. CHICAGO. DETROIT.
101
A FEW MICHIGAN RESORTS.
DIAMOND LAKE,
ON THE AIR LINE OF THE MICHIGAN CENTRAL,
is abeautiful sheet of water, about nine miles in circumference, surrounded
by a natural forest of oak, maple and beech. It is a delightful resort for
those seeking relief from business cares and who desire the recreation of
rural life and sylvan scenes. In the lake is an island of seventy-five acres.
The fishing is very fine, bass, pickerel and many other specif s being in
abundance. Wall-eyed pike and black bass may be caught in May and June.
On the north shore of the Jake is a summer hotel (Forest Hald, where
the Michigan Central trains stop. This hotel is fitted up with all modern
improvements and is well conducted. Post office address, Cassopolis, Mich.
SOUTH HAVEN,
TERMINUS OF SOUTH HAVEN DIVISION MICHIGAN CENTRAL,
is a charming town of fifteen hundred population, located where Black River
empties into Lake Michigan. The surrounding country is fruitful and pict-
uresque, fish and game abound, the facilities for bathing and caraping-out
are excellent, -and the lake freezes render the summer climate delightful
and healthy. A local resort for many years, its reputation has quietly spread
to distant regions without the aid of special advertising.
TOPINABEE,
THE NORTHERN HAY FEVER RESORT,
issituated on the narrow peninsula between Mullet and Burt Lakes, thirty
miles south of Mackinac Island, and on the Mackinaw Division of the
Michigan Central. It is one of the best points in Northern Michigan for
hook and line fishing, bass, pickerel, pike and whitefish being abundant in
the lakes, with fine trout and grayling streams near at hand. Game is very
plentiful.
On account of its high, dry and healthful situation, Topinabee has been
chosen as the permanent location of the Lake View Summer Resort of the
Northern Hay Fever Resort Association, whose Secretary and Manager,
Robert E. Williams, Jackson, Mich., may be applied to by those desirous of
additional information. The grounds form a natural park, rising in ter-
races from the lake, covered with timber and carpeted with winter-greens,
arbutus and sweet ferns, and the climate and outdoor life will infuse new
life into the most wearied denizen of the city.
YPSILANTI,
ON THE MAIN LINE OF THE MICHIGAN CENTRAL,
has rapidly become one of the most important resorts for health seekers in
the country. Its mineral wat>-r has proved a most potent natural medicine
for very many organic and chronic diseases, and is sold in all the principal
towns and cities. Its chemical analysis by Prof. Prescott, of the University
of Michigan, shows that it possesses greater strength and power than the
Saratoga, Kochbrunnen or other well known saline mineral waters, and
compares well with the noted sulphur waters of Harrowgate, England. With
its alkaline reaction and its sulphates of sodium, potassium and magnesium,
its bromide, sulphur and iron, it is a powerful tonic and an eliminator of
mjasmaticand blood-poisons from the system. It is used both externally
and internally with great effect and tends to equalize the circulation, regu-
late cardiac action, excite secretion and tone the muscular and nervous
svstem. A fine bathhouse, hotel and sanitarium, has been erected, and
health and pleasure seekers will find Ypsilanti a delightful resting place.
The Michigan Central is the only real "Niagara Falls Koute" in the
country— none genuine without "M. C." blown in the bottle. It is the only
railroad that gives a satisfactory view of the Falls. Every day train stops
from five to ten minutes at Falls View, which is v/liat the name indicates—
splendid point from, which to view the great cataract. It is right on the
brink of the grand canyon, at the Canadian end of the Horseshoe, and every
part of the Falls is in plain sight. Even if he is tao ill or too lazy to get out
of his car, he can see the liquid wonder of the world from the window or the
platform. This is the Michigan Central's strongest hold on popular favor,
its greatest advantage, its chief attraction. So long as the waters of that
mighty river thunder down to the awful depths below, so long as the rush
and roar, the surge and foam and prismatic spray of nature's cataractic mas-
terpiece remain to delight and awe the human soul, thousands and tens of
thousands ot beauty-lovers and grandeur-worshipers will journey over the
only railroad from which it can be seen. There is but one Niagara Falls on
earth and but one direct great railway to it.
After leaving Falls View, the train sweeps along the edge of the mighty
chasm, some two or three miles, to Suspension Bridge, giving constant and
ever-changing views of the cataract and the surging, boiling river, as it
madly rushes and rages between the perpendicular walls of stone, three hun-
dred feet high, that torva the great canyon of Niagara. The stream is
crosi^ed on the new Cantilever Bridge, which, stretching over the roaring
flood, from precipice to precipice, seemingly resting on air alone, is a marvel
of engineering skill and daring. It is a dizzy height above the seething
waters, and seems a pathway only for winged creatures, but the train rushes
over it as though it were a highway cut in solid stone. From the bridge
there is a magnificent view of the Falls, the Eapids and the Suspension Foot-
Bridge, above the Cantilever; while below it the eye takes in the Lower
Ilapids and the awful Whirlpool, where Captain Webb's body was found.
On the New York side of the river the road follows the very brink of the
canyon for a mile or more, affording continual glorious glimpses_ of tl.o
Cataract, the Rapids and all the other noted spots; and, after leaving the
town of Niagara, it winds along the margin of the river, furnishing views of
the islands and the Upper Eapids, until the mighty stream widens out into
Lake Erie, just as the conductor announces Buffalo. It is a twenty-mile-long
flying panorama of God's and Nature's sublime.st handiwork— a feast to the
eye, ear, heart, soul and imagination that is worth the cost in time and
money of a trip across the continent or around the world.— Co?. P. Donnn in
St. Louis Spectator.
;\(iagara fire {usurancs (^o,
OF NEW YORK,
135 BROADWAV.
Sixty-EigMli Semi-Anniial Statement, Jan'7 1st, 1886.
Cash Capital,
Cash Assets,
.......$
........
Reserve for He-insurance and all other Liabilities, .
500,000
2,080,950
1,183,236
OO
OO
88
Net Surplus 397,713 26
IP
JWichican CMti And New York Central & Hudson River.
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J\(lAGARA
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