Beruflich Dokumente
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I.
INTRODUCTION
II.
INFRASTRUCTURES
Server Tier
IoT Sensor Tier IoT Gateway Tier
A. Challenges
While developing the aforementioned infrastructure we
have identified many technical challenges, as city scale
applications face many multimodal contexts and large
volumes of data.
IoT Middleware Design and Development: IoT is
characterized by the need to integrate large numbers of
heterogeneous and non-interoperable real-world objects. In
order to address this, middleware solutions provide an
appropriate level of abstraction to applications from devices
and offer multiple services, acting as a bond joining the
heterogeneous domains of applications. Operations that these
middleware
systems
should
solve
are
service
interoperability, device heterogeneity, device discovery
device self-management and auto configuration etc.
Solutions such as SemsorGrid4Env [38] and OutSmart [39]
have proposed different approaches; SemsorGrid4Env
presented a semantic sensor web architecture that comprises
a core collection of services that form a service-oriented
architecture for data publication, discovery and integration.
OutSmart addresses five essential smart city services,
namely water and sewage, smart metering and street
lighting, waste management, water and environment, based
on an open and standardized infrastructure.
Furthermore, the concept of virtualization has been a key
research topic (e.g. Vitro EU project [42]), presented as a
promising solution towards reusability of information and
resources, hiding platform heterogeneity from end-users and
solving issues related to resource and service isolation,
manageability and flexibility. In this way, virtualization
promises to provide a clear separation of services and
infrastructures and accommodate novel business models,
irrespective of the administrative control, communication
paradigms and different economic interest of multiple
vendors, thus exploiting the full fledge of IoT advantages.
Semantics: There are efforts to lift sensor data to a
semantic level, e.g., by the W3C Semantic Sensor Network
Incubator Group [25], and projects like Semantic Streams
SERVICES
Environment monitoring:
A large number of
environment monitoring devices have been installed on lamp
posts at several areas of Santander. Deployed devices contain
air pollution sensors as well as noise sensors. To further
increase the coverage of the environment monitoring
network, a number of devices are being deployed on the
public transport buses, police cars and municipality vehicles.
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
[28]
CONCLUSIONS
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
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