The Future of Computing Is in The Cloud

10/10/2015
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Thefutureofcomputingisinthecloud
November10,2014
Militaryandcommercialdatanetworkingexpertsareimproving
thereliability,security,andavailabilityofcloudcomputingto
facilitateuseandreducecosts.
BYJ.R.Wilson
Cloudcomputinghasbeencalledthetruefutureofcomputing,frompersonalto
corporatetomilitary,andavirtualizationofresources,butalso"aphenomenonthat
currentlyhasasmanydefinitionsastherearesquaresonachessboard."
Thefirstconfirmedreferencetowhatmightbecalledmoderncloudcomputingwasina
Compaqinternaldocumentin1996,butthetermdidnotenterthepopularlexiconuntila
decadelater,whenAmazon.comintroducedtheElasticComputeCloud.
http://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/print/volume25/issue11/technologyfocus/thefutureofcomputingisinthecloud.html
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IntegratingtraditionalITservicesintocloudcomputingisoneofthebiggestchallenges
facingmilitarycloudusers.
Twopredecessorelementsthateventuallycoalescedintocloudcomputingwereonline
datastorageasopposedtobackupservicesandapplicationsthatrunonlineratherthan
beinginstalledontheuser'scomputer,allowingthemtobeconstantlyupdatedand
tweaked,behindthescenes.
Withapplicationsrunningonline,theuser'scomputer,operatingsystem,RAM,or
onboardharddrivearenotsignificantfactors,andtheprogramstypicallyrunfaster.In
addition,withtherightaccesscodes,theycouldbeusedfromalmostanycomputer
anywhereintheworld.
Cloudcomputingcombinesthoseonlineservices,givingapplicationsfasteraccessto
data,includingmultipleuserssharingbothsimultaneously.Despitewideinterestand
implementation,however,whenCloudComputingJournalpolled25globalexpertsfor
theirdefinitions,theygotasmanydifferentresponses,rangingfrom"elasticity"to
"internetcentricsoftware"andincluding:
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realizingtheearlieridealsofutilitycomputingwithoutthetechnicalcomplexitiesor
complicateddeploymentworries
usingtheInternettoenablepeopletoaccesstechnologyenabledservicesmustbe
massivelyscalabletoqualifyastruecloudcomputing
leveragingwebscaleinfrastructure(applicationandphysical)inanondemand
way
shiftingtheinfrastructuralparadigmthatenablestheascensionofSaaS[software
asaservice]
vastresourcepoolswithondemandresourceallocationand
theuserfriendlyversionofgridcomputing.
Amatterofperspective
Definingcloudcomputingisasmuchamatterofthedefiner'sperspectiveasitisthe
technologiesandapplicationsinvolved.JayMork,vicepresidentandchieftechnology
officeratGeneralDynamicsAdvancedInformationSystemsinFairfax,Va.,identifies
threeprimaryperspectives:
SPONSOREDCONTENT
MeetingThermalManagementChallengesin
RuggedDefenseApplications
Inthemilitaryembeddedenvironment,designengineers
lookingtomaximizeadvancementsincommercialelectronicprocessorsfacemultiple
SWaP(size,weightandpower)limitations.Specifically,deployedsystemsneedtobe
placedwithinsmallphysicalareas,beaslightaspossible,uselimitedpower,and
withstandharshenvironmentsincludingheat,cold,sandandseawater.
BroughtToYouBy
TechnicalMovingbacktodatacentersandmainframecomputers,butchangingitfroma
bigintegratedracktoabunchofdistributedcomputers,suchasPCsstackedtogetherto
actlikeamainframeatthedatacenter,whereallcomputingtakesplace.Andtheapps
arebrokenupintopiecesandlayersratherthanoneapplicationtryingtodoeverything.
UserForthepast20years,we'vebecomeusedtohavingaPC,diskdrive,andmonitor.
Withthecloud,alotofwhathadbeenonthedesktopiselsewhereandalltheuseris
interestedinistheapp.ImaynotevenknowwheremydataisandIdon'tevenhaveto
providemyowncomputers.Soitmakestheexperiencemoreaboutmethanmanaging
mycomputers.
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ProcurementForpeoplewhohavetobuyandmaintainITinfrastructure,thecloud
completelychangeshowtheydothat.InsteadofbuyingPCsfromonecompanyfor
everyone,theycanleasethecomputerfromsomeone,thenleasethesoftware.Mainly,it
allowsyoutotakealotofcostoutoftheITinfrastructure.However,Morkadds,"there
willalwaysbedifferentperspectives,buteventuallywe'llfigureoutwhattheelephant
lookslike."
Confusionoverterminologyisfarlessimportanttothemilitaryoraerospacecompanies
asensuringitssecureandtransformationalimplementationforthesafeandefficient
transportofpassengersandcargoandthesecurestorageandexchangeofinformation.
In2011,theU.S.ChiefInformationOfficerreleasedtheFederalCloudComputing
Strategy,reinforcingthegovernment'splanstomoveinformationtechnologyawayfrom
traditionalworkstationsandtowardcloudcomputing.ButDARPA'sInformation
InnovationOfficesaidproblemsremainwithregardtosecuritywhensensitivedataand
computationsaremovedintothecloud.
"Theperimeterdefensefocusoftraditionalsecuritysolutionsisnotsufficienttosecure
existingenclaves,"accordingtoI2O."Itcouldbefurthermarginalizedincloud
environmentswherethereisahugeconcentrationofhomogeneoushostsonhighspeed
networkswithoutinternalchecksandwithimplicittrustamonghostswithinthoselimited
perimeterdefenses."
Ubiquitouscomputingresourcesanddatanetworkingaresomeofthelargest
advantagesofmovingmilitaryinformationprocessingtothecloud.
Privacyandsecurity
Thatistrueforanyoneconcernedaboutprivacyorsecurity,butisofspecialconcernto
intelligenceagenciesandmilitaryservicesgathering,manipulating,andsharingsensitive
andclassifieddata.
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"Thedefenseindustryisapplyingcommercialtechnology,largelytodrivedowncosts,"
Morkexplains."Alotoftheintelcommunityisimplementingtheircloudservicesontopof
AmazonWebServicesandusingCOTScloudtechnologies.Thedifferencesreallycome
fromtheapplicationstheyinstallintothecloud.Themilitaryanddefensecontractorsare
nowmigratingalotoftheirapplicationsintothecloud,withthefirstofthoseadopting
commercialtechnologiesandpractices.
"Downtheroad,asitgetsdeployedtotheindividualservicesandusedinmoretactical
systems,therewillberequirementsforrealtimeaspects,"Morkcontinues."Therealsois
concernaboutsecurity,includingoverlayingandmixingdata.Thedefenseindustryhas
investedalotintechnologiesaroundthatandisrollingthatbackouttocommercialuses,
suchasbanking."
Forthepast75years,militaryandintelligenceorganizationshavetriedtoenhancetheir
systemsecurity,typicallybykeepingtheircomputers,storagemedia,andworkstations
allcontainedwithinasecurefacilitywithrestrictedaccess.CreationoftheARPAnetin
the1960sforcedthemtobeginlookingatsecurityinanenvironmentinwhichmilitary,
industrial,andacademiclabsexchangeddataacrossnumerous,widelydispersed
computers,althoughmostARPAnetusersstillmettheoldrestricted,singlebuilding
securityapproach.
"Theonebig[enabler]thathasreallyacceleratedthedeploymentofthemilitarycloudis
thevirtualdesktop,whichallowsmetoputthepixelsonmyscreenandusemymouse
andkeyboardcontrolstoreachbacktothecloudwithoutevenknowingmycomputeris
nolongeronmydesk.Assoonaswedemonstratedandprovedthatcouldbeusedfor
somereallyhighendapplications,itcompletelychangedthewaypeoplesawintel
analysis,forexample,"Morksays.
"Alotofwhattheneartermthingsarelookingatincludenewanalyticsandwaysto
exploitallthedatawehave,usingtheinfrastructureforactivitybasedintel,"Mork
continues."Thecloudprovidesadifferentwaytoorganizewhatyouknowandthe
relationshipsbetweenthingsthatarechangingordevelopinginrealtime.Ourguysare
lookingatimmersiveenvironmentsonhowtorecognizethedatamorequicklyasit
evolves.Alotofthatisreallyapplyingexistingtechnologiesinnewways,sowedon'tyet
knowwhatwewillbeabletodo."
WhenARPAnetwentpublicastheInternetandmoresowiththeWorldWideWeb's
graphicaluserinterface(GUI)beinggraftedontoitafewyearslatertheentireworld
quicklybecamepartofthenewopen,globalcommunicationsandinformationsharing
system,withmostoftheoriginalARPAnetusersstilllinkedintoit,whichheightened
securityconcernsbyseveralordersofmagnitude.
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Tohelpdealwiththat,themilitarycreatedtheirownnewsystems,suchasthe
NonsecureInternetProtocolRouterNetwork(NIPRNET),SecretInternetProtocolRouter
Network(SIPRNet)andNavy/MarineCorpsIntranet(NMCI).Theoldapproachalsowas
updatedtothelatesttechnologylevelswiththerecentopeningoftheworld'slargest
secureddatabasefacility,theNationalSecurityAgency'sIntelligenceCommunity
ComprehensiveNationalCybersecurityInitiativeDataCenter,alsoknownastheUtah
DataCenter.
Levelsofsecurity
Ascloudcomputingbecamemoresecureinresponsetoconcernsfromusersoutside
themilitaryandintelligencecommunities,itspotentialcapabilitiesandadvantagesput
pressureontheDefenseDepartmenttoadoptthecloudinitiallywithdataandprocesses
requiringlowerlevelsofsecurity.
"Gaininginformationdominanceisseenasatacticaladvantageandwhereweonce
talkedaboutnetworkcentricwarfare,whichmigratedtonetworkenabledoperations,we
nowhearnetworkdependentoperations,"saysRubinDhillon,businessdevelopment
managerformilitaryandaerospacenetworkandcommunicationssolutionsatGE
IntelligentPlatformsinHuntsville,Ala.
"Theword'dependent'iskey,"Dhillonsays."Witheverymannedandunmannedmilitary
assetconsideredasensorandeverysensorconnectedandsharingdata,military
operationshavecompletelychangedinnature.Militaryforcesdependonareliable,high
bandwidthnetworkandaconstantfeedofinformation.
Cloudcomputingsecurityandreliability,however,remainconcerns."Therealityisthat
nonetworkis100percentreliableandnonetworkwilleverbecompletelysecure,"
Dhillonsays."Facingthisreality,theU.S.Navyisfocusingonhowtooperateinadenied
environmentandoperatingwhilecompromised.Inotherwords,howtomaintainmilitary
operationswhenthecommunicationsnetworkgoesdownandhowtocontinue
operationswhennot'if'anenemyhacksintothenetworkinfrastructureandcloud
servicesthattheNavyincreasinglyrelieson."
Forallmilitaryservicestoexploretheadoptionofcloudcomputingmakessense,he
adds,becausepushingapplicationsintothecloud,ratherthanrelyingonlocalresources,
simplifiessolutionstomanyofthedeployment,security,redundancy,scalability,and
flexibilityissuesthatplaguetacticalinformationsystems.
"Thestateoftheartchangesquickly,"saysMorkofGeneralDynamics."Wherewe'reat
rightnowisverysimilartoanAmazoncloudserverit'sprivatelyheldbycustomersin
theirowndatacentersandtheyareactivelymigratingusersanddataouttothose
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clouds.Thecommercialworldjumpedontothissoonerandhelpedbuilditout.Defense
isnowdoingthat,butistakingmoretimetomovedataandapps.We'reintheprocessof
migratingusersintoavirtualdesktopenvironment,wheretheydon'tneedadesktop
computeranymore.
"Fromanapplicationsperspective,alotofdefenseappshavenotbeenbrokeninto
servicesandstackedintoplatformsforthecloud,"Morkcontinues."Fromtheuser
experienceperspective,technologyhasadvancedconsiderablyfromthedumbterminals
ofthe1970stodaytheinterfacecanbeanydevice,becausealltheyhavetodoisallow
metocontrolaccesstomyinformation.Lookingforward,thosedeviceswillchangefrom
beingapersondoingthattodevices,suchasthethermostatinmyhousereachingback
toamainframedatacenter."
WhilemoreandmoremissioncriticalU.S.militaryapplicationsmoveintothecloud,
potentialadversariescontinuetodevelopweaponstotakeoutsatellitesandother
communicationsinfrastructure,investbillionsincyberwarfarecapabilitiesandmove
forwardasquicklyaspossibleincloudcomputing.
"RedCloudRising:CloudComputinginChina"isaresearchreportbyDefenseGroup
Inc.(DGI)inVienna,Va."Inrecentyears,theChinesegovernmenthasprioritizedthe
developmentofcloudcomputingtechnology,withthetwingoalsofexpandingChinese
militaryandcivilianaccesstocloudcomputingITresourcesandcreatingan
internationallycompetitiveChinesecloudcomputingserviceindustry,"thereportsays.
"ChineselanguagenewssourcesindicatethatChina'sprimaryforeignintelligence
collectionorganization,theMinistryofStateSecurity,hastakenanoversightrolein
projectsaimedatbringingforeigncloudcomputinginvestmenttoChina,"thereport
states.
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Thegrowinguseofcloudcomputinginmilitaryandgovernmentapplicationsisgiving
risetonewdisciplinesincomputernetworkingtest,measurement,andanalytics.
Hardwareagnostic
Ascloudcomputingevolvesandbecomesastandardpartofaerospaceandmilitary
operations,italsowillbecomemorehardwareagnostic.Increasingnumbersofnew
technologieswillbeclassifiedas"services"andsoftwarewithessentiallyunlimited
resourcesina"highlyabstractedspace"willgrowlargerandmorecomplexasprograms
arewrittentotakeadvantageofthescalesavailable.Thatalsoisexpectedtoputan
emphasisonmodularsoftwareinwhichindividualcomponentswillbemodifiedwithout
forcingashutdownoftheentireprogram.
Oneofthemainchallengesby2020willbethemanagementoffederatedservices,not
onlybecauseapplicationswillbebasedinthecloud,butalsobecauseseveralcloudswill
linktoeachotherandtoonpremiseapplications,saysJohnManley,directorofHewlett
Packard'sAutomatedInfrastructureLab.
Lookingtothatsamepointincloudevolution,MassachusettsbasedForresterResearch
anticipatescontinuedincreasesinprocessingpowerandtechnologyadvancesnotonly
willmakecloudcomputingmorepredominantandlessexpensive,technologiescurrently
limitedtosupercomputersalsowillmoveintothecloudandbecomepartofthe
mainstreaminfrastructure.
Asthoseelementscoalesce,cloudcomputingisprojectedtoleadtoanewmindsetand
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transitiontolowercostservicesandproviders.Thatwillaccelerateaseffortssuchasthe
OpenComputeProjectmoveoutofmajorcommercialdatacentersintoabroaderrange
ofsmallercompanies.OpenComputecomprisesengineersaroundtheglobeworkingto
designandenablethedeliveryofhighlyefficientserver,storageanddatacenter
hardwaredesignsforscalablecomputing.
DavidMerrill,chiefeconomistatHitachiDataSystems,believesthatwillresultindata
centerinfrastructureandsoftwareautomaticallymoldingaroundthetaskratherthanthe
taskbeingmanipulatedtofitthesystem,withcommunicationswithinthedatacenter
movingathundredsofgigabitspersecond.
Aswitheveryaspectofthemilitary'sfutureplans,tightbudgets,commercial
developmentsandsocialtrendsarepushingtheDefenseInformationSystemsAgency
andotherstofinetunecloudcomputing,commandandcontrolandmobilesecurity.
DISA'sdirector,AirForceLt.Gen.RonnieD.HawkinsJr.,toldtheJointInformation
Environment(JIE)MissionPartnerSymposiuminMay2014thatinternaldatasecurity
breaches,suchasEdwardSnowdenandBradleyManning,havemandateda
reassessmentofJIE'scomplexityasDODshiftstoasinglesecurityarchitecturethat
includestheJointRegionalSecuritystaff.
"AswebuildouttheJIE,anenvironmentforthefuture,wecanalsohelptheservices
[with]capabilitiestooffloadworktoDISA,whichwouldbeabletofreeuptheir
workforce,"Hawkinsreported."We'reabletoputbigdatainthecloud,[but]it'snotjust
aboutstoringbigdata,butanalyzingthedataweputinthere.We'recreatingenterprise
widetoolsand,asaresult,we'recreatingamoredefensiblearchitecture.
"Whatevertypeofhandhelddeviceyouhave,youcanbeassuredthattheinformation
movedfrompointAtopointBistheinformationsentfromtheusertothereceiver,"
Hawkinssaid."We[also]areexploitingwhatistakingplaceaswebuildouttheJIEwithin
thePacificRim.Themobilenetworkingsystemisthedriverofthefoundation."
Inhiskeynotespeechtothesamesymposium,ArmyLt.Gen.MarkBowman,theJoint
Staff'sDirectorofCommand,Control,CommunicationsandComputers/Cyber,saidthe
U.S.military's15,000plusnetworks,4milliondesktopsandlaptops,and1millionmobile
deviceshavemadecyber/networkingoperationsandsecurityessentialtoU.S.global
warfightingcapabilitiesatnationalandtacticallevelsandcriticaltooverallnational
security.
Essentialnetworking
"TheJIEprovidesaframeworkthattheDODcangainandmaintainafreedomof
maneuverwithincyberspace,"Bowmansaid."Ifwehavetonsofdifferentapplicationson
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differenttypesofnetworkswithoutacommonframeworkorarchitecture,we'renotgoing
tobeabletofigureoutwhattheanomaliesare.Allthosedisparateactionsprovide
gaps,seamsandvoidsthatareexploitedbythebadguyeverysecondofeveryday.
"We'renowseeingthenextgenerationofsharedsituationalawarenessincyber
capabilitiesthatwehaveneverseenbefore,"Bowmansaid."Wewillnevergotobattle
againasanArmyalone,asanationalone.That'swhyit'ssocriticaltogetJIEright."
ArmyGen.KeithB.Alexander,headofU.S.CyberCommandandtheNSA,saysthetwo
agenciesareworkingwithDISAandthemilitaryservicestoimplementJIEtoupgrade
operationalconceptsandcommandandcontrolfromDODlegacyITarchitecturetoa
moredefensiblesystem."Ithinkthecloudarchitecturethat'sbeenpushedforwardfor
theJIEandtheintelligencecommunity'sITenvironmentiswhereournationneedstobe.
Athinorveryminimalizedvirtualcloudenvironmentofferssomegreatcapabilitiesforthe
future,"hetoldtheNationalPressClub,addingsuchanenvironmentwouldenable
patchingmanycomputerswith100percentaccuracyatnetworkspeed,allowingan
entirenetworktobefixedinonlyminutes.
"Youcouldremovehumansfromtheloopinthat[operation]andputthemwhereyou
needthemprotectingthenetworks.Wecanbreakdowneachsystemweseebeing
scannedbyanadversaryandputitinanewplace.Youcanjumpnetworks,youcan
jumpdatabasesandyoucanjumpyourphonesystem,[making]itverydifficultfor
adversariestoexploitthem.[But]nobodyseesittoday.Wedon'thavetheshared
situationalawarenessweneedandthisisgoingtobeakeycapabilityforthefuture."
Whilemostexpertsbelievethebulkofcloudcomputingresearch,development,test,and
evaluationwillfalltothecommercialside,atleastintheshortterm,eventuallymilitary
requirementswillforcethedevelopmentofmilitarysolutions.MorkofGeneralDynamics
sayshiscompanyhasbeenreachingouttoindustry,academia,andthegovernment,
lookingforwhatCOTStechnologiescanbeexploitedtoaddressspecificcustomer
needs.
"Wecanfindalotofenablingtechnologieswecanuse,buttoapplythosetoour
customers'requirementsdomainandmissionknowledgeofwhattheydomeansalotof
militaryRDT&Ewillbeinvested,"hesays."Cost,dataintegration,collaborationamong
users,theabilitytorapidlyaddresscapabilitiesifyoufollowacurrentacquisitionprocess
inthemilitary,ittakesfiveyearsjusttothinkaboutwhatyouwanttodo.
"Butthethreatsarechangingconstantly,"Morkadds."Whattheclouddoesisenablethe
militarytorapidlytaketechnologiesandapplythemtouseful[applications].Cloud
technologyallowsthat,buttheacquisitionsidehastobesetupinawaytoenablethatto
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happen.Andwe'reseeingthatalready."
Increasinguseofcloudcomputingwillenablemilitarydataexpertstotradeintheirlaptop
computersforelectronictabletswhilemaintainingaccesstothesameamountof
information.
Flexibleresources
ToddStiefler,seniorproductmanagerforembeddedservices&softwareatGE
IntelligentPlatforms,saysakeyadvantageofcloudcomputingistheabilitytoshrinkor
expandresources,onthefly,tomeetrealtimeneeds.
"Ifyoumakeaninvestmentinyourownproprietaryserverroom,youcan'tdoanything
morethanthatprovides.Withthecloud,youcanexpandtoincorporatewhateveris
required,"hesays."Theintelcommunityhostedtheirowncomputersandservices,but
now,usingthecloudandputtingmoredatatogetherinoneplace,theycanbettershare
dataamongpeoplewithveryproscribedandpreciseaccess.
"Thatwillbethemodelforthemilitary.Theproblemtheyarehaving,inalotofareas,is
missingtheanalyticinsighttodaytheycanhavewiththecloud.Thedataisthere,butthe
analyticsarenotyet."
ManysubjectmatterexpertsagreethattherecentagreementbetweenAmazonWeb
ServicesandtheCIAhasbeenasignificantbreakthroughinsecurecloudcomputing.
Undertheagreement,Amazonhaslaunchedasecurecloudcomputingsystemthatwill
enablearevolutioninhowall17intelligencenetworksfunctionandshareinformation,
accessingavarietyofondemandservicesandanalyticsfromtheCIAandNSA.
"TheAmazondealwiththeintelcommunityisdefiningthestateoftheart.DISA'sinitial
mandatewastocentralizetheprocurementandresaleofcloudbasedservicestothe
military.TherereallywasnotaSOTAformilitaryservicesandDISAwillnolongerbe
definingaSOTAforDODorevenacceptablestandards.Thatmakesitmoreofafree
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forall,butDODistradingcohesivenessforafasteradoptionofcloudservicesbythe
military,"GE'sStieflersays.
Militaryprivatecloudswillbeselfcontained,withkeyprotectedintegrationpoints
betweenclouds,saysRobSmith,directorofsoftwareengineeringatThalesCanada
Defense&SecurityinOttawa,aprimaryintegratorofsoftwarefortheCanadianmilitary.
"Thedifferentnetworksecurityinthemilitaryenvironment,withthesharedenterprise
network,tacticalandcoalitionnetworks,allofwhichwillneedtobeintegratedthoseare
problemsthatwillneedtobesolvedovertime,"Smithsays."Themilitarycloud
environmentalsowillhaveemploymentdifferencesenvironmentswillbeharsher,
requiringmoreadvancedequipment,especiallywhenyoumovefromtheoperational
downtothetactical.Andthosewillneedtobeeasilyscaledtomeetthesizeofthe
operation.
"Idon'tthinkcloudcomputingishighlyutilizedorevenunderstoodwithinthemilitary
contextasalotofthosetrytogetuptospeedonhowtomodernizetheircurrent
systems,suchastheArmyPrivateCloudInitiative,andcatchingupwithandadapting
commercialtechnology,"Smithcontinues."SoIwouldsayinfrastructureasaservice,
adaptedtomilitaryenvironments,isthefirststatethatneedstobehappeningnow.
Thingslikecloudencryptionatalllevels,VDI[VirtualDesktopInfrastructure]andsoon
arefollowingup,butthebasicunderstandingneedstobeinplacefirst."
GE'sStieflersaysrunningeverythinginthecloudalsoenablesfindingbestofbreed
analyticalsolutionsforalltheservices.
Cloudencryption
"Encryptiontechnologiesaregettingbetter,andgivingusersgreaterconfidenceincloud
computing.Theprofusionofsmall,affordablesensorsfromoildiagnosticsinanMRAP
toelectroopticalsensingonaUAVarenotstrictlyanenabler,buttheymakecloud
computingmuchmoreattractive.Allthosesensorscreatemuchmoredataacrossawide
rangeandrunbetterandfasteranalyticsinthecloud,whichismuchbetterthanthe
traditionaltechniquesofminingindividualdataonservers,thentryingtocombineit,"
Stieflersays.
"Ifyouhavedifferentplatformsandsystemswithinthemcomingfromdifferent
contractors,itcanbedifficulttogetthedataneeded.Therehavebeencaseswherea
platformcannotaccesssomedatafromitsownsensorsitfirsthastobedealtwithbythe
contractorsthatbuiltthem,"Stieflercontinues."Usersshouldbeabletoaccesstheirown
datainacomprehensivewaytomakesenseofit.Althoughitisnotarequirement,you
starttoenablecollaboration,datasharingnotonlyamonggeographicallydispersed
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organizationsbutalsobetweenorganizationswithinthesameservicethatcurrentlyare
nottalkingtoeachother."
Stiefleralsoraisesanewadvantagetocloudcomputingmakingbetteruseofhuman
resources,inpartanoutgrowthofbreakingdownorganizationalstovepipes.
"Anumberofseniormaintenanceguyswithdecadesofexperienceareretiringfromthe
militaryandfromindustryatanalarmingrateand,duetobudgetcuts,arebeing
replacedwithfarlessexperiencedpersonnelwithlesstraining,"Stieflersays."Whatyou
wanttodoisputthehumanresourcesyouhaveinacentralpointtomanagetheentire
fleetratherthanscatteringthemamonglocationstodealonlywithdatafromthisairwing
orthatship.
"Thatalsoistruewithintelligenceanalysts,wheretopexpertsinterroristbehaviorcan
providedataacrossmultiplebattlespacesanduseanalyticstodrivethemostpressing
problemsandinformation,"Stieflercontinues."Anotherproblemareaisremote
monitoringanddiagnosticsolutions.Itisverydifficulttobepredictivewiththecurrent
system,sothereispotentialforcloudcomputinginsatellites,especiallynationalsecurity
platforms,whichgeneratemassivedata,intermsoftheirsensorsbutalsowhatisgoing
oninsidethesatellite."
Stiefleralsoraiseswhatmanyconsiderthemostserioussecurityriskacrossall
domainstheinsider.
"Ithinktherisksfromexternalhackersintomilitarycloudshavebeenoverplayed,"
Stieflermaintains."Theindustryisverygoodandtherearefeweraccesspoints,
althoughinsiderhackingbecomesmuchgreaterforthenextSnowden,whocould
accessnotonlyhisownorganization'sdatabutthatfromahostofagenciessharingdata
andanalytics.Thosearebeinggivenalotofconsiderationastheyresearchtheir
potentialuseofthecloud."
Cloudcomputingalsoenablesusersinthefieldtoreplacebiglaptopswithsmallmobile
devices.
"MaintenanceguyscanwalkaroundwithiPadsinsteadoflaptopsandhaveaccessto
moredataandanalyticswithoutneedingtokeyinanassetnumberhecanjuststand
nexttotheitemandthesystemwillknowwhatitisandprovidetheneededdata,"
Stieflersays.
SWAPofthecloud
"YoucouldreducealotofSWaPbyreplacinglocalcomputinganddatastoragewith
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cloudbased,thatispositivebutthereareconcernsaboutthesecurityofwireless
systems.Wirelessdatatransmissioninmilitaryplatformscanbeaconversationstopper
evenmoresowiththeintelcommunity.Technologyadvancescouldhelpadvancethe
SOTAincloudcomputing,especiallythewirelesstransmissionofdata."
Astothefuture,whilethemilitarywillbemakingadvancesrelatedtoitsunique
computingrequirementsandthecloud,itislikelythelagbetweenthecommercialstate
oftheartanddefenseSOTAwillcontinue,whichStieflersaysis"partiallydueto
governmentbureaucracies,butalsoduetoaversiontoanythingseenaschallenging
datasecurity.
"Allourmachinestodayaregeneratinginformationthatisbeingcollectedintothecloud
andanalyzedthere.Bytheendofthedecade,Ithinkwe'llseeindustryhasmoved
faster,butthemilitaryalsowillbemoreadvancedandcloudcomputingwillbemajor
pillarsforeachoftheservices,"hesays,addingthatshouldgivetheU.S.anextended
leadoverothernations."Myguesswouldbewe'reaheadofthegameinthinkingaboutit
andhavethebesttechnologyandsomerelativelyvisionaryleaderswithinDODwho
wanttomovethisforward.
"Ihaven'tseenanyoneabroadreallyabletoleveragenetcentrictechnologytodo
militaryoperations,whichmakesmeskepticaloftheabilityofothernationstodrivethis
kindofchange,"Stieflercontinues."Isuspectthoseallieswhowouldliketodoallthat
areundercapitalizedandlookingtoustomovemilitarycloudcomputingforwardandbe
abletointeroperatewithoursystems."
Someyearsago,GeneralElectriccoinedatermthatusersandprovidershavepicked
andoftenlinktocloudcomputing:TheIndustrialInternet.Itisdefinedastheintegration
ofcomplexphysicalmachinerywithnetworkedsensorsandsoftware,drawingtogether
fieldssuchasmachinelearning,bigdata,theInternetofThingsandmachinetomachine
communicationtoingestdatafrommachines,analyzeit(ofteninrealtime)anduseitto
adjustoperations.
"TheideaoftheIndustrialInternetisthatbigindustrialassets,fromoilandgastoaircraft
enginestoMRImachines,assensingbecomesubiquitous,willgenerateatremendous
amountofdata.Andifitisproperlycollectedandprocessedbytherightanalytic,itcan
generateenormousbenefitstotheusers,"Stieflersays."Thatincludesincreasingthe
operatingtimeofthoseassets,thefuelburnanddecreasingmaintenancerequirements.
[Thedatageneratedwill]enableanalyticsthatprovidevaluetotheenduserinformation
thatwasnotavailablebefore.
"Whenweareabletocollectdataaboutmilitaryassetsandpredict,withaprettygood
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degreeofaccuracy,whichplatformswillhavewhatmaintenanceissueswhen,itwillbea
bigadvantagetothemilitaryfixingonlythosethingsthatneedmaintenanceratherthan
doingafullmaintenancedowntimeforeveryplatform.Ifyouhaveweeksormonthsof
predictivedataonthoseplatforms,youcanbetterplantheiruseandavailability.By
avoidingunplanneddowntime,youincreasetheefficiencyofthewholeenterprise."
IntegratingITservices
Thales'sSmithsaysthemostdifficultpartofmovingtothecloudistheinfrastructure
integratingandoperatingclassicalinformationtechnologyinfrastructureservices[ITIS].
"It'sallaboutgettingprearchitectedinfrastructurefullscalability,thesystemiselastic,
requireslesspower,issmallerandmorepowerful,fullyvirtualized,abstractedfromthe
hardware,"Smithsays."Whenyoutakethatapproachyouhaveabuiltinbackup,easier
recovery,theabilitytoalsoreduceyourdesktopfootprint.Youcaneasilyspinupthe
entirestacktobeusedinanycontext,suchasintegrationofthemobilelayer.Gettingthe
ITISinformationundercontrolatthefirstlevelisthelowhangingfruit,usingcloud
managementforselfserviceandsystemresponsetouserdemands."
Themilitarydoesn'thavethefullvirtualization,scalability,andubiquitousaccessof
servicesasthemajorcommercialforerunners,suchasAmazon.comandGoogle,Smith
adds,buttherequirementsforcloudcomputingdifferlittlefromclassicalITdata
availableasfastaspossible,networking,datastorage,datafilteredandcondensedtobe
presentedinausableformfortheCommonOperatingPicture(COP)toinfluencetheir
optionsandcourseofaction.
"It'sallaboutsupportingthebattlerhythmandensuringthedataiswellintegrated,"he
says."Thecloudsimplyprovidesamoreintegratedwaytoaccomplishthat,asan
enablerformobilityandothermilitaryrequirements.Conversionofinfrastructureiskey
now,becauseitallowsvirtualizationstorage,computing,eventhenetworkoftheentire
system,includingtheconfiguration.Cloudmanagementsoftwareismuchmore
integratedandmanagementisbecomingeasier,withselfserviceandautomation
becomingmuchmoreintegratedforfieldedsoldiers."
Evenasthemilitarymakesitsfirstmovestowardcloudcomputing,essentiallyplaying
catchupwiththelargecommercialtrailblazers,usersandprovidersareconsidering
whatcapabilitiescanandshouldbepartoffutureevolutions.
Thoseincludeencryptionontheflyofalldataandprocesses,atalllevelsbeingableto
provideservicesacrosstheentirespanofmilitarycommunicationsmeetinghigher
securityrestrictionscombiningencryptionatalllevelswithcontextawareidentityand
accessmanagement,specifictotheenvironment,fromtacticalmilitaryinthebattlespace
15/26
10/10/2015
tosensitivefinancialoperationsincommercialbankingtointeroperabilityforcoalition
operations.
"Ithinktheheaviestinvestmentswillbeontheindustryside,withmilitaryR&Daimedat
makingitworkwithinthatenvironment.Generally,themilitaryhasnotfullyunderstood,
deployednorusedcloudcomputing.We'relookingatcommercialtechnologyandhowto
deploythosetomilitaryapplicationsandgettothenextlevelofdevelopment,soright
nowcommercialdevelopmentsandR&Daredrivingthetechnology,"Smithsays,but
addsthesizeofU.S.defensespending,evenatatimeoftightbudgets,meansitisthe
onlynationlikelytodriveevenapartofcommercialdevelopment.
"Cloudcomputingisdefinitelyofinterestandabouttobepushedformilitary
deploymentsinEurope,forexample,butnotasadvancedastheU.S.military,"Smith
continues."Attheinfrastructurelevel,classicalITIS,IthinktheU.S.militaryisadriving
force,theirprogramhavingstartedthreeorfouryearsago.Butattheplatform,services
andtruesoftwarearchitecturelevel,theyremainbehindmajorcommercialusers.With
theconsolidationofalltheirdatacenters,however,theU.S.militaryisafactorin
infrastructure,butthere,too,bigcommercialdatacentershavesolvedalotofproblems."
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