MA DISSERTATION

English as second language: Speaking problems of beginners, level I

& II
Students of Pakistan American Cultural Centre (PACC)

FOUZIA TAHIR
MA 454079
SUPERVISOR
SHAZIA NASIR

Dissertation submitted to Greenwich University in Partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of Master in English Linguistics.

DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES
GREENWICH UNIVERSITY

May 2016

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Affirm

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my

dissertation

titled:

.....and

that

it

Contains

.. words, exclusive of title pages, maps, diagrams, tables, statistical

appendices and references.
I also confirm that I have fully acknowledged all those individuals and organizations who have
contributed to the research for this dissertation.
It is explicitly understood that Greenwich University reserves the right to check originality of
manuscript both manually & electronically.

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ANNEXURE C
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Dissertation

titled:

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.We hereby approve his/her dissertation in Grade

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TABLE OF CONTENT
S.No

Description

Page No.

1.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .

ii

2.

LIST OF FIGURES ...

iii

3.

ABSTRACT.

iv

5.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview

1.2 Aim of Research

1.3 Research Objectives.

1.4 Research Questions ..

1.5 Research Problems ..

1.6 Rationale of the Study

1.7 Focus of the Research

1.8 Scope of the Study

1.9 Significance
1.10 Hypothesis
6.

7
8

CHAPTER: 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Anxiety.

2.2 Attitudinal Barrier

11

2.3 Language Learning

A Social and Cultural Phenomenon

13

2.4 Motivation

14

2.5 Summary of Literature Review

16

7.

CHAPTER: 3 METHODOLOGY
3.1

Research Method .

18

3.2

Dimensions of Research ...

18

3.3

Time Orientation ..

18

3.4

Sample ..

18

3.5

Data Collection .

18

3.6

Data Analysis

19

3.7

Conceptual Framework

19

3.8

Ethical Considerations ..

19

8.

CHAPTER: 4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

9.

CHAPTER: 5 CONCLUSION FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

20

5.1

Conclusion .

41

5.2

Findings

41

5.3

Recommendations .

41

5.4 Limitations and Future Research.

42

10.

REFERENCES

43

11.

APPENDIX

47

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With the Blessing of Allah Almighty I would like to thank my supervisor Ms. Shazia Nasir who
has always supported me and helped me whenever I faced problems during my research work. I
am also indebted to my familys support and my mothers prayers without which the
accomplishment of this task would not have been possible.

Signature: .
Name: .
Roll Number: ..
Date: ...

ii

List of Figures

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20

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iii

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine and understand the role of attitude, culture, motivation and anxiety
on

English communication among beginner, Level I & II students at PACC Karachi. The

research identifies Speaking Problems in terms of anxiety, motivation, culture and attitude and
studies their role in learning English as a second language these days, this phenomenon has
attracted the attention of many research scholars on speaking English as a second language. This
study is very significant for the teachers and institutions who teach English communication to
youngsters and adults .Karachi being the largest city in population, its young population is more
than half of total population. This study is also significant for parents who want their children to
communicate in English but do not understand their reasons of inhibition. The research study is
conducted and data is collected through closed questionnaire, focusing on the role of anxiety,
motivation, attitude and culture on speaking English as a second language with the sample being
the students of PACC.
Key words: Speaking English as second language, Motivation, Anxiety, Attitude, Culture.

iv