Workshop

Urban Transport Strategy to Combat

Climate Chang

Toshiyuki Yokota
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the source,
originality, accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion, or view
presented, nor does it make any representation concerning the same.

26 February 2010
Background to the Study
 Background
• Key issues
– Rapid Development
GDP growth : over 10% annually from 2001 to 2008
• XXXXXXXX
• XXXXXXXXXXXX
Registered vehicles : about 1 million in the early 1990s to 44 million in 2008
– Issues of pollution structure
migrated in a single generation
• Some 300–400 million people XXXXXXX
• XXXXXXXX
Urban share : 45% of the national population in 2007
– Issues of urban structure
• Suburban areas have developed around many cities for new residents.
XXXXXXX
• Rapid economic growth and migration have changed the urban structure
• Urbanization made it more difficult for people to rely on XXXXXXXXXXX
biking and walking
• private vehicles for urban transport
Continuing shift toward using XXXXXXXXXX
– Issues of local governments’ approach
• limited XXX
time to prepare strategically effective responses
road construction
• Responded to urban transport demand by XXXXXXXX
• Adopted piece-meal measures
 Background
• ADB’s intervention for urban transpot in PRC
– Lending Projects
– Technical Assistance?
• Clean Change Fund: $75,000
– Aiming to facilitate increased investment in developing member countries to
effectively address the causes and consequences of climate change
• Consultants:
– Mr. Stein Hansen (team leader),
– Ms. Yulin Jiang, Mr. Hongyang Wu, and Ms. Su Song
• Time frame
– Started in December 2008
– Draft final report was completed in October 2009
– Interdepartmental review in October 2009
– Final draft report in February 2010
– Workshop on 26 February 2010
– Final report in March 2010
Urban Transport Options
 Urban Development
Business as Usual Scenario
More
More transport
vehicles demand
Increase in Increase in
GDP population

Road, road, Road Congestion

road, road, Accidents
Construction Pollutions
road, road,
road
 Lanzhou’s Approach
Traffic Clean
demand
management
TDM CDM development
mechanism

Demand Public
Management Transport Public
ATCS Transport
Roads
Advanced Bus rapid transit
traffic control

People
Information Centered
Technology ITS Development NMT Non-motorized
transport
 Xi’an’s Approach
- Integration of Urban Transport -
integration with knowledge ITS

Subway System

Bus Priority Lanes

Urban Road Network

NMT TDM changing by mode

integration
Instruments for Sustainable Transport
Challenge in PRC
Demand-Side
Instruments Supply-Side Policy Policy Neutral
Policy

Fuel tax
Economic
Instruments
Taxes on vehicle
Subsidy for vehicles

Fuel efficiency standards

Institutional License cording
Instruments
Emission standards
Vehicle quota
Vehicle standards

Public transport
NMT
Engineering Bike rentals Flexible working
Instruments TDM hours
Promoting new technology (new energy
vehicles and alternative fuel)

Enhance public
User-Side awareness
Instruments Eco-driving
Eco-operation
Thank you
Strategic Approach

Comprehensive and logical

Share future vision
Identify solutions
Coordination
 Traffic Demand Management

Park & Ride zone

Ride & Bike zone

 Road Network

New City
Center
Subway Plan
Project Map
The Potential of the Proposed BRT
China BRT systems peak passenger speed and flows
25000
(actual ridership except Guangzhou and Lanzhou projection)
passengers per hour per direction (pphpd)

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
Chongqing Hangzhou Xiamen Beijing Jinan Changzhou Dalian Lanzhou Kunming Guangzhou
Count date 16‐Mar‐09 06‐Dec‐07 05‐Sep‐08 07‐Apr‐09 08‐Jan‐09 17‐Apr‐08 14‐Apr‐08 05‐Mar‐08 01‐Jan‐10
Peak pphpd 100 1,500 3,600 4,100 4,500 4,500 6,500 8,000 8,600 23,000
Speed km/hr 32 15 29 21 18 18 24 25 12 25
BRT Bus Station and NMT lanes
 Lesson Learned
t a t ion
s
Thekes theon
ma rsecti
i nt e y
bu s

Size of bus
stations

long queues
due to no
No space for passing lane
expansion
Instruments for Sustainable Transport
Challenge in PRC
Demand-Side
Instruments Supply-Side Policy Policy Neutral
Policy

National
Strategy
11th 5-year Plan

Fuel tax
Economic
Instruments
Taxes on vehicle
Subsidy for vehicles

Fuel efficiency standards

Institutional License cording
Instruments
Emission standards
Vehicle quota
Vehicle standards

Public transport
NMT
Engineering Bike rentals Flexible working
Instruments TDM hours
Promoting new technology (new energy
vehicles and alternative fuel)

Enhance public
User-Side awareness
Approaches Eco-driving
Eco-operation