Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PAPER
Jakob Seedorff,
Technical Director
Littelfuse, Inc.
ARC-FLASH
PROTECTION
Introduction
Abstract
According to OSHA, industrial arc-flash events cause about
80% of electrically related accidents and fatalities among
qualified electrical workers. Even if personnel injuries
are avoided, arc flash can destroy equipment, resulting
in costly replacement and downtime. In response, many
designers are adding arc-flash relays to electrical systems.
These devices greatly mitigate the effects of an arc flash
by detecting a developing incident and sending a trip signal
to a breaker to disconnect the current that feeds it. Arcflash relays are complex devices; an understanding of the
technical details of their operation and features is essential.
This white paper covers key points of arc-flash relay
technology so that specifying engineers, OEM designers,
and end users can make an informed selection decision.
To next relay
100-240
VAC/VDC
12-48 VDC
+
-
To next relay
Positive Bus
Negative Bus
Inputs
hi
bi
t
Tr
ip
In
Figure 1.
Outputs
Online
et
Re
s
Arc-Flash Mitigation
Service
Tripped
Trip Voltage
24 - 600 VDC
24 - 440 VAC
L1 L2 L3
GND
Trip
Coil
USB
PC with
Microsoft Windows
Config, log &
firmware upgrade
5A CTs
Three-phase
Overcurrent
Protection
Up to 6 Point or Fiber Optic Sensor
with built-in circuit-check
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
1. Reaction Time
Damage Caused
by Arc-Flash
Incident
Damage
Caused
by
Arc-Flash Incident
Arc-Flash
Relay
50
he
atc
Ste
atc
150
el C
he
e
Fir
er
C
es
100
Co
pp
Ca
tch
Ca
ble
Typical Relay
Reaction Time:
1-9 ms
Typical Breaker
Detection Time:
35-60 ms
sF
ire
sF
ire
Circuit
Breaker
200
250
300
350
400
2. Trip Reliability
Time (ms)
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
3. Ease of Installation
What makes an arc-flash relay easy to install? First, look for
a relay that does not require PC configuration. The Littelfuse
AF0500 Arc-Flash Relay has a plug-and-play, simple, and
flexible design. It does not require PC configuration, which
simplifies installation and gives users immediate confidence
the relay is set up correctly. (Although PC configuration for
both the AF0500 and PGR-8800 is optional, it will be needed
to configure certain advanced behaviors or multiple power
sources.)
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
Figure 3.
Example of an Arc-Flash relay installation in a switchgear cabinet,
along with its fixed-point (A) light sensors, fiber-optic (B) light sensors, and CTs (C).
Control
Power
Battery
(24 Vdc)
Trip Coil
Arc-Flash Relay
C
CT Inputs
CC
C
4. Software
Figure 4.
Examples of Arc-Flash relay light sensors installation in switchgear.
5. Sensor Design
Most arc-flash relay installations utilize multiple fixedpoint light sensors near vertical and horizontal bus bars
where arcing faults are apt to occur in feeder switchgear
cabinets. Sufficient numbers of sensors should be installed
to cover all accessible areas, even if policy is to work only
on de-energized systems. At least one sensor should have
visibility to an arc fault if a person blocks another sensors
field of view. Light sensors may also be installed in other
electrical cabinets and on panels that are subject to routine
maintenance and repairs, such as those associated with
motor control centers (see Figure 4).
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
Source
Typical office lighting
1,000
10,000 - 25,000
32,000 - 130,000
Direct sunlight
Figure 5.
CTs
(Recommended)
A
B
C
Point Light
Sensor
L1
L2
Relays (Figure 6) can be linked in a manner similar to zoneselection interlocking protection devices to provide back-up
protection. For example, an arc-flash event in the MCC will
cause the arc-flash relay to send a trip command to the main
circuit breaker in the MCC. If it does not trip, the arc-flash
relay will send a signal to the linked arc-flash relay upstream
to trip the upstream feeder circuit breaker.
24 Vdc Battery
Backup
(Optional)
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
Figure 8.
Incoming
Feeder
Bus Tie
Figure 6.
Zone 1
Zone 2
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Conclusions
Arc-flash relays are an important adjunct to mitigation
devices built into switchgear, such as ducts to channel the
explosive forces of an arcing fault away from personnel.
Relative to the equipment and personnel they protect, these
relays are a very cost-effective insurance policy, capable
of decreasing the risk of arc flash significantly. This in turn
can prevent costly downtime, equipment replacement, and
lawsuit expense. Arc-flash relays effectively and efficiently
minimize these problems and provide additional protection
where traditional OCP devices fall short. Still, when selecting
an arc-flash relay, be sure to examine the functions of the
device carefully, and ask the manufacturer to explain how
and what it can do in your specific application.
Sensor
Figure 7.
Incoming
Feeder
Upstream Breaker
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
Local Breaker
Specifications, descriptions and illustrative material in this literature are as accurate as known at the time
of publication, but are subject to changes without notice. All data was compiled from public information
available from manufacturers manuals and datasheets.
National Electrical Code (NEC) is a registered trademark of NFPA.
www.littelfuse.com/arcflash
Additional technical information and application data for Littelfuse protection relays, generator and engine controls, fuses and other circuit protection
and safety products can be found on www.littelfuse.com. For questions, contact our Technical Support Group (800-832-3873). Specifications,
descriptions and illustrative material in this literature are as accurate as known at the time of publication, but are subject to changes without notice. All data
was compiled from public information available from manufacturers manuals and datasheets.