HYDRAULIC TURBINES

1. A single jet Pelton turbine coupled with generator generates 10 MW electrical energy
under effective head of 350 m. Taking the following data:
Cv = 0.98, U = 0.46, D = 12, o=0.86 and g (generating efficiency) = 93%. Find the
V1
d
diameter of the jet and the diameter of the runner (D).
2. The mean diameter of the bucket circle of a Pelton wheel is 80 cm which is running at
1000 RPM. The gross head is 430 m and the head loss in penstock is 30 m. The discharge
through the nozzle is 0.15 m3/s and the blade outlet angle is 15. Find the hydraulic
power developed by the turbine and hydraulic efficiency. Assume Cv = 1.
3. Find the number of jets required for a Pelton turbine which is to develop 7.355 MW S.P
when the head available is 250 m and running at 500 RPM. Find out jet diameter, flow
rate and number of buckets. Take the following data: Cv = 0.98, U = 0.45, o= 0.75 and d
V1
should not be greater than 0.1D.
4. A Pelton turbine is working under a head of 39.6 m at 250 RPM and developing 24.6 KW.
Design the Pelton turbine taking Cv = 0.98, h=80%, U= 0.45.
5. An inward flow reaction working under a head of 200 m has inlet and outlet diameters 4
m and 2.5 m respectively. The absolute velocity at exit is 18 m/s and whirl velocity is
zero. The absolute velocity at the inlet makes an angle of 30 with the peripheral velocity.
Assuming width of the runner is constant throughout, find (a) hydraulic efficiency (b)
RPM of the runner (c) relative velocities at inlet and outlet.
6. The inlet and exit diameters of an outward radial flow reaction turbine are 50 cm and 100
cm respectively. The velocity of flow through the runner is 4.5 m/s and it is constant. The
runner speed is 210 RPM and the head available is 12 m. Assuming the discharge is
radial at outlet, find (a) vane angles of the runner at inlet and outlet (b) power developed
by the turbine if the flow is 10 m3/s and hydraulic efficiency. Also assume there is no loss
of energy as the water flows through the runner.
7. An outward radial flow reaction turbine has 2.3 m internal and 4 m external diameters.
The flow rate is 5.5 m3/ s, when head available is 175 m. Width of the runner vane is
constant and equal to 30 cm. Runner speed equal to 300 RPM. If the discharge is radial at
out let, find out (a) runner vane angles at inlet and outlet (b) velocity of flow at inlet and
outlet.
8. The following data belongs to Francis turbine: S.P =400 KW, H=70 m, RPM= 800,
hydraulic efficiency = 0.95, overall efficiency =0.85, flow ratio= 0.15, breadth ratio
(inlet) =0.1m, wheel dia at inlet D1 = 2D2, area of flow blocked by vanes = 5 % of flow
area. Assuming flow velocity constant throughout the runner, find (a) D1 and D2 (b)
B1and B2 (c) guide blade angle (d) inlet and outlet vane angles.

9. A Kaplan turbine is designed to develop 11 MW under a head of 8 m and flow of 150

m3/s. Assume the following data:
Speed ratio=2, flow ratio =0.65, hydraulic efficiency=98%, Db= 0.3 Do. Find (a) dia and
speed of the turbine (b) inlet and outlet blade angles (c) mechanical and overall
efficiency.
10.Kaplan turbine develops 1471KW under a head of 6 m and its overall efficiency =85%.
The turbine is set 2.5 m above tail race level. The vacuum gauge at the turbine outlet
reads a suction head of 3.1 m of water. Taking the inlet diameter of the draft tube is 3 m;
find the efficiency of the draft tube. Neglect friction loss in the draft tube. Take atm
pressure is 10.3 m of water.
11. Define specific speed and derive the expression for specific speed for Pelton turbine.
12.The power developed by the Pelton wheel is 4500KW when working under a head of 200
m, discharge is 0.8 m3/ s and speed is 200 RPM. Find the speed, power and discharge
when the head dropped to 184 m.
13.Kaplan turbine operates under a head of 15.2m and develops 50 MW when running at
75RPM. Taking overall efficiency =0.82, find unit speed, unit discharge, unit power and
specific speed.