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C O M PENSATION
SEVENT H EDITION

M IL K O VIC H

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&

NE W M A N

2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Chapter

1
The Pay Model

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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Learning Objectives
After studying Chapter 1, students should be able to:
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

Explain how perceptions of compensation differ


among society, employees, and managers.
Discuss the difference between direct and indirect
compensation and define each of the direct and indirect
forms of compensation defined.
Explain the three main objectives of a pay model.
Understand the notion of competitive advantage and
how it relates to compensation.
Be able to distinguish empirical research from surveys
and opinions.
Understand how the pay model integrates objectives,
techniques, and strategy.
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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Compensation refers to all


forms of financial returns
and tangible services and
benefits employees
receive as part of an
employment relationship.

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Contrasting Perspectives of
Compensation
Society
Views

Stockholders
Views

Employees
Views

Managers
Views

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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Total Returns

Total Returns for Work

Relational Returns
Total Compensation

Benefits

Recognition
& Status
Employment
Security

Challenging
Work

Cash Compensation
Income
Protection
Long-term
Incentives

Base
Merit/Cost
of Living

Learning
Opportunities

Allowances

Work/Life
Focus

Short-term
Incentives

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Forms of Pay
! Cash Compensation:

Base
! Cash Compensation:

Merit Pay / Cost-ofLiving Adjustments


! Cash Compensation:

! Benefits: Income

Protection
! Benefits: Work/Life

Focus
! Benefits: Allowances

Incentives
! Long-Term Incentives
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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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STRATEGIC
POLICIES

Work
Descriptions
Analysis

ALIGNMENT

COMPETITIVENESS

STRATEGIC
OBJECTIVES

TECHNIQUES

Market
Surveys
Definitions

CONTRIBUTORS

Seniority
Based

Evaluation/
Certification

Policy
Lines

Performance
Based

INTERNAL
STRUCTURE

PAY
STRUCTURE

Merit
Guidelines

INCENTIVE
PROGRAMS

EFFICIENCY
Performance
Quality
Customers
Stockholders
Costs
FAIRNESS
COMPLIANCE

ADMINISTRATION

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Planning Budgeting Communication EVALUATION

THE
THE PAY
PAY MODEL
MODEL

2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Pay Objectives at Medtronic and AES


!
!
!
!

Medtronic
AES
Support objectives and increased
Our guiding principles are to act with
complexity of business
integrity, treat people fairly, have fun,
and be involved in projects that provide
Minimize increases in fixed costs
social benefits. This means we will
Emphasize performance through
! Help AES attract self-motivated,
variable pay and stock
dependable people who want to keep
Competitiveness aligned with
learning new things
financial performance: 50th percentile
performance paid at 50th percentile of ! Hire people who really like the place and
believe in the AES system
market
! Pay what others are paid both inside and
outside AES, but willing to take less to
join AES
! Use teams of employees and managers to
manage the compensation system
! Make all employees stockholders
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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Caveat Emptor Be An Informed Consumer


!Does the research measure anything useful?
!Does the study separate correlation from

causation?
!Are there alternative explanations?

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Summary
! The model presented in this chapter provides a structure

for understanding compensation systems.


! The three main components of the model include:
! The objectives of the pay system
! The policy decisions that provide the systems foundation
! The techniques that link policies and objectives

! Two key questions should constantly be asked:


! First, Why do it this way? There is rarely one correct way to
design a system or pay an individual.
! Second, So what? What does this technique do for us? How
does it help achieve our organization goals?
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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Review Questions
How do differing perspectives affect our views
of compensation?
2. What is your definition of compensation?
Which meaning of compensation seems most
appropriate from an employees view, return,
reward, or entitlement?
3. How does the pay model help organize ones
thinking about compensation?
4. What can a pay system do for an organization?
For an employee?
1.

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2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

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