Beruflich Dokumente
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Copyright Material IEEE
Paper No. ESW2015-21
Lloyd B. Gordon
Nicole Graham
II.
INTRODUCTION
Current as a Threshold
E.
Energy as a Threshold
Voltage as a Threshold
Although much study has been done, and there are varying
conclusions, it is generally accepted that 120 277 V singlephase ac will not sustain an arc flash due to the cooling and de
ionization processes during the current zeros. There is
WHAT IS MISSING?
Category 2 DC Arcs
Category 2.0 no arc hazard, all dc sources
(< 100 W short circuit power, < 1 J energy released, any
voltage)
Category 2.1 No arc flash boundary, all dc sources
Hazard sparks to the eyes, low thermal hazard
(100 W P < 3000 W short circuit power, < 10 J energy
released, any voltage
Category 2.2 No arc flash boundary, thermal and spark
hazards
( 3 kW short circuit power, can have any voltage or any
current, but not both V 100 V dc and I short circuit 500 A)
Hazards sparks to the eyes, thermal injury from molten
metal in the hands, or current through tools or jewelry
Category 2.3 dc arc flash hazards, arc flash boundary
greater than 1 cm, incident energy at 45 cm less than 40
2
cal/cm
D.
The NFPA 70E dc ask group worked over six years and
contributed several new sections on dc to the 2012 and 2015
versions of NFPA 70E, including the dc shock approach
boundary table, the dc arc flash calculation method in Annex D,
and the task tables for work on battery banks.
Much of the information on ac facility arc flash hazards and
some of the data for dc arc flash hazards came from efforts
under the IEEE 1584 committee, and the collaborative effort
between NFPA and IEEE on arc flash hazards.
And finally, information from acoustical impulse injury was
contributed by the Army Research Laboratory as a part of the
effort of the DOD Electrical Safety Working Group.
X.
E.
REFERENCES
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IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
[11]
This material presented has been under development over
the past 10 years involving a number of committees and task
groups, including the NFPA 70E DC task group, IEEE 1584, the
electrical safety subgroup of DOEs Energy Facility Contractors
Operating Group (EFCOG), and the DOD Electrical Safety
Working Group.
A series of Electrical Safety Workshops has been held in the
DOE complex from 2004 to 2014. Over the past 7 years, a DC
working group has studied the shock and arc flash hazards of
dc, battery and capacitor hazards. Some of the contributors
came from Idaho National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics
Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center, and others.
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